Cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults participating in synchronized swimming-exercise
[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to examine cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults regularly engaging in synchronized swimming-exercise. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-three female synchronized swimmers ranging in age from 49 to 85 years were recruited for the present study....
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| Published in | Journal of Physical Therapy Science Vol. 29; no. 1; pp. 148 - 151 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Japan
The Society of Physical Therapy Science
01.01.2017
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0915-5287 2187-5626 |
| DOI | 10.1589/jpts.29.148 |
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| Abstract | [Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to examine cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults regularly engaging in synchronized swimming-exercise. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-three female synchronized swimmers ranging in age from 49 to 85 years were recruited for the present study. The duration of synchronized swimming experience ranged from 1 to 39 years. The control group consisted of 36 age- and gender-matched community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults (age range: 49 to 77 years). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) and compared between the synchronized swimmers and control participants. [Results] No significant differences in mean total MoCA-J scores were observed between the synchronized swimmers and control participants (23.2 ± 3.1 and 22.2 ± 3.6, respectively). Twenty-nine subjects in the control group and 17 in the synchronized swimming group scored below 26 on the MoCA-J, indicative of mild cognitive impairment. Significant differences in delayed recall—but not in visuospatial/executive function, naming, attention, language, abstraction, or orientation—were also observed between the two groups. [Conclusion] The results of the present study suggest that synchronized swimming has beneficial effects on cognitive function, particularly with regard to recent memory. |
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| AbstractList | [Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to examine cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults regularly engaging in synchronized swimming-exercise. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-three female synchronized swimmers ranging in age from 49 to 85 years were recruited for the present study. The duration of synchronized swimming experience ranged from 1 to 39 years. The control group consisted of 36 age- and gender-matched community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults (age range: 49 to 77 years). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) and compared between the synchronized swimmers and control participants. [Results] No significant differences in mean total MoCA-J scores were observed between the synchronized swimmers and control participants (23.2 ± 3.1 and 22.2 ± 3.6, respectively). Twenty-nine subjects in the control group and 17 in the synchronized swimming group scored below 26 on the MoCA-J, indicative of mild cognitive impairment. Significant differences in delayed recall-but not in visuospatial/executive function, naming, attention, language, abstraction, or orientation-were also observed between the two groups. [Conclusion] The results of the present study suggest that synchronized swimming has beneficial effects on cognitive function, particularly with regard to recent memory. Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to examine cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults regularly engaging in synchronized swimming-exercise. Subjects and Methods: Twenty-three female synchronized swimmers ranging in age from 49 to 85 years were recruited for the present study. The duration of synchronized swimming experience ranged from 1 to 39 years. The control group consisted of 36 age- and gender-matched community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults (age range: 49 to 77 years). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) and compared between the synchronized swimmers and control participants. Results: No significant differences in mean total MoCA-J scores were observed between the synchronized swimmers and control participants (23.2 plus or minus 3.1 and 22.2 plus or minus 3.6, respectively). Twenty-nine subjects in the control group and 17 in the synchronized swimming group scored below 26 on the MoCA-J, indicative of mild cognitive impairment. Significant differences in delayed recall-but not in visuospatial/executive function, naming, attention, language, abstraction, or orientation-were also observed between the two groups. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that synchronized swimming has beneficial effects on cognitive function, particularly with regard to recent memory. [Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to examine cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults regularly engaging in synchronized swimming-exercise. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-three female synchronized swimmers ranging in age from 49 to 85 years were recruited for the present study. The duration of synchronized swimming experience ranged from 1 to 39 years. The control group consisted of 36 age- and gender-matched community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults (age range: 49 to 77 years). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) and compared between the synchronized swimmers and control participants. [Results] No significant differences in mean total MoCA-J scores were observed between the synchronized swimmers and control participants (23.2 ± 3.1 and 22.2 ± 3.6, respectively). Twenty-nine subjects in the control group and 17 in the synchronized swimming group scored below 26 on the MoCA-J, indicative of mild cognitive impairment. Significant differences in delayed recall—but not in visuospatial/executive function, naming, attention, language, abstraction, or orientation—were also observed between the two groups. [Conclusion] The results of the present study suggest that synchronized swimming has beneficial effects on cognitive function, particularly with regard to recent memory. |
| Author | Okumura, Yuka Tomokane, Sayaka Maeshima, Etsuko Tatsumi, Juri Ikeshima, Akiko |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Tomokane, Sayaka organization: Department of Health and Sport Management, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences: 1-1 Asashirodai, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0496, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: Okumura, Yuka organization: Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: Ikeshima, Akiko organization: Department of Health and Sport Management, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences: 1-1 Asashirodai, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0496, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: Tatsumi, Juri organization: Institute of Liberal Arts, Otemon Gakuin University, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: Maeshima, Etsuko organization: Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Japan |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28210062$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | Montreal Cognitive Assessment Cognitive function Synchronized swimming |
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PM R, 2010, 2: 723–731, quiz 793. 14) Ihara M, Okamoto Y, Hase Y, et al.: Association of physical activity with the visuospatial/executive functions of the montreal cognitive assessment in patients with vascular cognitive impairment. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 2013, 22: e146–e151. 22) Voelcker-Rehage C, Godde B, Staudinger UM: Physical and motor fitness are both related to cognition in old age. Eur J Neurosci, 2010, 31: 167–176. 11) Larson EB, Wang L, Bowen JD, et al.: Exercise is associated with reduced risk for incident dementia among persons 65 years of age and older. Ann Intern Med, 2006, 144: 73–81. 8) Mitchell AJ, Shiri-Feshki M: Rate of progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia—meta-analysis of 41 robust inception cohort studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 2009, 119: 252–265. 9) Petersen RC, Doody R, Kurz A, et al.: Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol, 2001, 58: 1985–1992. 6) Ganguli M, Snitz BE, Saxton JA, et al.: Outcomes of mild cognitive impairment by definition: a population study. Arch Neurol, 2011, 68: 761–767. 27) Troup JP: The physiology and biomechanics of competitive swimming. Clin Sports Med, 1999, 18: 267–285. 7) Bruscoli M, Lovestone S: Is MCI really just early dementia? A systematic review of conversion studies. Int Psychogeriatr, 2004, 16: 129–140. 4) Petersen RC: Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. J Intern Med, 2004, 256: 183–194. 12) Verdelho A, Madureira S, Ferro JM, et al. LADIS Study: Physical activity prevents progression for cognitive impairment and vascular dementia: results from the LADIS (Leukoaraiosis and Disability) study. Stroke, 2012, 43: 3331–3335. 16) Cadmus L, Patrick MB, Maciejewski ML, et al.: Community-based aquatic exercise and quality of life in persons with osteoarthritis. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2010, 42: 8–15. 5) Winblad B, Palmer K, Kivipelto M, et al.: Mild cognitive impairment—beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Intern Med, 2004, 256: 240–246. 23) Lee JY, Cho SJ, Na DL, et al.: Brief screening for mild cognitive impairment in elderly outpatient clinic: validation of the Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, 2008, 21: 104–110. 21) Raji MA, Kuo YF, Snih SA, et al.: Cognitive status, muscle strength, and subsequent disability in older Mexican Americans. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2005, 53: 1462–1468. 24) Narazaki K, Matsuo E, Honda T, et al.: Physical fitness measures as potential markers of low cognitive function in Japanese community-dwelling older adults without apparent cognitive problems. J Sports Sci Med, 2014, 13: 590–596. 10) Bonaconsa M, Colavito V, Pifferi F, et al.: Cell clocks and neuronal networks: neuron ticking and synchronization in aging and aging-related neurodegenerative disease. Curr Alzheimer Res, 2013, 10: 597–608. 20) Fujiwara Y, Suzuki H, Yasunaga M, et al.: Brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment in older Japanese: validation of the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 2010, 10: 225–232. 1) McCurry J: Japan will be model for future super-ageing societies. Lancet, 2015, 386: 1523. 28) Suzuki T, Shimada H, Makizako H, et al.: Effects of multicomponent exercise on cognitive function in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurol, 2012, 12: 128. 18) Gaught AM, Carneiro KA: Evidence for determining the exercise prescription in patients with osteoarthritis. 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| References_xml | – reference: 28) Suzuki T, Shimada H, Makizako H, et al.: Effects of multicomponent exercise on cognitive function in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurol, 2012, 12: 128. – reference: 15) Laurin D, Verreault R, Lindsay J, et al.: Physical activity and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly persons. Arch Neurol, 2001, 58: 498–504. – reference: 6) Ganguli M, Snitz BE, Saxton JA, et al.: Outcomes of mild cognitive impairment by definition: a population study. Arch Neurol, 2011, 68: 761–767. – reference: 25) Suzuki T, Shimada H, Makizako H, et al.: A randomized controlled trial of multicomponent exercise in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. PLoS One, 2013, 8: e61483. – reference: 4) Petersen RC: Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. J Intern Med, 2004, 256: 183–194. – reference: 13) Ottenbacher AJ, Snih SA, Bindawas SM, et al.: Role of physical activity in reducing cognitive decline in older Mexican-American adults. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2014, 62: 1786–1791. – reference: 14) Ihara M, Okamoto Y, Hase Y, et al.: Association of physical activity with the visuospatial/executive functions of the montreal cognitive assessment in patients with vascular cognitive impairment. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 2013, 22: e146–e151. – reference: 26) Chu H, Yang CY, Lin Y, et al.: The impact of group music therapy on depression and cognition in elderly persons with dementia: a randomized controlled study. Biol Res Nurs, 2014, 16: 209–217. – reference: 16) Cadmus L, Patrick MB, Maciejewski ML, et al.: Community-based aquatic exercise and quality of life in persons with osteoarthritis. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2010, 42: 8–15. – reference: 7) Bruscoli M, Lovestone S: Is MCI really just early dementia? A systematic review of conversion studies. Int Psychogeriatr, 2004, 16: 129–140. – reference: 8) Mitchell AJ, Shiri-Feshki M: Rate of progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia—meta-analysis of 41 robust inception cohort studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 2009, 119: 252–265. – reference: 12) Verdelho A, Madureira S, Ferro JM, et al. LADIS Study: Physical activity prevents progression for cognitive impairment and vascular dementia: results from the LADIS (Leukoaraiosis and Disability) study. Stroke, 2012, 43: 3331–3335. – reference: 5) Winblad B, Palmer K, Kivipelto M, et al.: Mild cognitive impairment—beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Intern Med, 2004, 256: 240–246. – reference: 24) Narazaki K, Matsuo E, Honda T, et al.: Physical fitness measures as potential markers of low cognitive function in Japanese community-dwelling older adults without apparent cognitive problems. J Sports Sci Med, 2014, 13: 590–596. – reference: 11) Larson EB, Wang L, Bowen JD, et al.: Exercise is associated with reduced risk for incident dementia among persons 65 years of age and older. Ann Intern Med, 2006, 144: 73–81. – reference: 10) Bonaconsa M, Colavito V, Pifferi F, et al.: Cell clocks and neuronal networks: neuron ticking and synchronization in aging and aging-related neurodegenerative disease. Curr Alzheimer Res, 2013, 10: 597–608. – reference: 17) Lim JY, Tchai E, Jang SN: Effectiveness of aquatic exercise for obese patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. PM R, 2010, 2: 723–731, quiz 793. – reference: 21) Raji MA, Kuo YF, Snih SA, et al.: Cognitive status, muscle strength, and subsequent disability in older Mexican Americans. 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| Title | Cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults participating in synchronized swimming-exercise |
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