Instantaneous frequency from Hilbert-Huang transformation of digital volume pulse as indicator of diabetes and arterial stiffness in upper-middle-aged subjects

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 8; no. 1; pp. 15771 - 8
• Main Authors: Wei, Hai-Cheng, Xiao, Ming-Xia, Chen, Hong-Yu, Li, Yun-Qin, Wu, Hsien-Tsai, Sun, Cheuk-Kwan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 25.10.2018; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 692/700; 692/700/459; Arterial Stiffness; Blood pressure; Body mass index; Body weight; Decomposition; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Digital Volume Pulse (DVP); EKG; Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD); Fasting; Glucose; Hemoglobin; Hilbert-Huang Transformation (HHT); Humanities and Social Sciences; Instantaneous Frequency; multidisciplinary; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Sugar; Wave velocity; Instantaneous Frequency; Hilbert-Huang Transformation (HHT); Digital Volume Pulse (DVP); Arterial Stiffness; Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD)
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34091-6

To investigate the value of decomposed short-time digital volume pulse (DVP) signals in discerning systemic vascular anomaly in diabetic patients, demographic and anthropometric parameters, serum lipid profile, fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were obtained from 29 healthy adults (Group 1) and 29 age-matched type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (Group 2). Six-second DVP signals from right index finger acquired through photoplethysmography were decomposed using ensemble empirical mode decomposition. Using one intrinsic mode function (IMF5), stiffness index (SI) and instantaneous energy of maximal energy (f Emax ) were obtained. Other indicators of arterial stiffness, including electrocardiogram-pulse wave velocity of foot (ECG-PWV foot ), crest time (CT) and crest time ratio (CTR), were obtained from the testing subjects for comparison. The mean body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, HbA1c and fasting blood sugar levels were higher in Group 2 than those in Group 1, whereas values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were lower in Group 2 than those in Group 1. SI and f Emax were significantly higher in Group 2 than those in Group 1. Moreover, f Emax was positively associated with HbA1c concentration, CT and SI in Group 2 ( p  < 0.05) but not in Group 1. When all subjects were considered, f Emax was highly significantly associated with HbA1c and fasting blood sugar levels, and SI (all p  < 0.001). After Hilbert-Huang transformation, short-time DVP signals could give significant information on arterial stiffness and vascular anomaly in diabetic patients.