Intimal sarcomas and undifferentiated cardiac sarcomas carry mutually exclusive MDM2, MDM4, and CDK6 amplifications and share a common DNA methylation signature

Undifferentiated mesenchymal tumors arising from the inner lining (intima) of large arteries are classified as intimal sarcomas (ISA) with MDM2 amplification as their molecular hallmark. Interestingly, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS) of the heart have recently been suggested to represent...

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Published inModern pathology Vol. 34; no. 12; pp. 2122 - 2129
Main Authors Koelsche, Christian, Benhamida, Jamal K., Kommoss, Felix K. F., Stichel, Damian, Jones, David T. W., Pfister, Stefan M., Heilig, Christoph E., Fröhling, Stefan, Stenzinger, Albrecht, Buslei, Rolf, Mentzel, Thomas, Baumhoer, Daniel, Ladanyi, Marc, Antonescu, Cristina R., Flucke, Uta, Gorp, Joost van, Bode-Lesniewska, Beata, Deimling, Andreas von, Mechtersheimer, Gunhild
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Nature Publishing Group US 01.12.2021
Elsevier Limited
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0893-3952
1530-0285
1530-0285
DOI10.1038/s41379-021-00874-y

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Abstract Undifferentiated mesenchymal tumors arising from the inner lining (intima) of large arteries are classified as intimal sarcomas (ISA) with MDM2 amplification as their molecular hallmark. Interestingly, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS) of the heart have recently been suggested to represent the cardiac analog of ISA due to morphological overlap and high prevalence of MDM2 amplifications in both neoplasms. However, little is known about ISAs and cardiac UPS without MDM2 amplifications and molecular data supporting their common classification is sparse. Here, we report a series of 35 cases comprising 25 ISAs of the pulmonary artery, one ISA of the renal artery and 9 UPS of the left atrium. Tumors were analyzed utilizing the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip array, enabling copy number profile generation and unsupervised DNA methylation analysis. DNA methylation patterns were investigated using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) analysis. Histologically, all ISAs and UPS of the left atrium resembled extra-cardiac UPS. All cases exhibited highly complex karyotypes with overlapping patterns between ISA and UPS. 29/35 cases showed mutually exclusive amplifications in the cell-cycle associated oncogenes MDM2 (25/35), MDM4 (2/35), and CDK6 (2/35). We further observed recurrent co-amplifications in PDGFRA (21/35), CDK4 (15/35), TERT (11/35), HDAC9 (9/35), and CCND1 (4/35). Sporadic co-amplifications occurred in MYC , MYCN, and MET (each 1/35). The tumor suppressor CDKN2A/B was frequently deleted (10/35). Interestingly, DNA methylation profiling (t-SNE) revealed an overlap of ISA and cardiac UPS. This “ISA” methylation signature was distinct from potential histologic and molecular mimics. In conclusion, our data reveal MDM4 and CDK6 amplifications in ISAs and UPS of the left atrium, lacking MDM2 amplification. We further report novel co-amplifications of various oncogenes, which may have therapeutic implications. Finally, the genetic and epigenetic concordance of ISAs and UPS of the left atrium further supports a shared pathogenesis and common classification.
AbstractList Undifferentiated mesenchymal tumors arising from the inner lining (intima) of large arteries are classified as intimal sarcomas (ISA) with MDM2 amplification as their molecular hallmark. Interestingly, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS) of the heart have recently been suggested to represent the cardiac analog of ISA due to morphological overlap and high prevalence of MDM2 amplifications in both neoplasms. However, little is known about ISAs and cardiac UPS without MDM2 amplifications and molecular data supporting their common classification is sparse. Here, we report a series of 35 cases comprising 25 ISAs of the pulmonary artery, one ISA of the renal artery and 9 UPS of the left atrium. Tumors were analyzed utilizing the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip array, enabling copy number profile generation and unsupervised DNA methylation analysis. DNA methylation patterns were investigated using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) analysis. Histologically, all ISAs and UPS of the left atrium resembled extra-cardiac UPS. All cases exhibited highly complex karyotypes with overlapping patterns between ISA and UPS. 29/35 cases showed mutually exclusive amplifications in the cell-cycle associated oncogenes MDM2 (25/35), MDM4 (2/35), and CDK6 (2/35). We further observed recurrent co-amplifications in PDGFRA (21/35), CDK4 (15/35), TERT (11/35), HDAC9 (9/35), and CCND1 (4/35). Sporadic co-amplifications occurred in MYC , MYCN, and MET (each 1/35). The tumor suppressor CDKN2A/B was frequently deleted (10/35). Interestingly, DNA methylation profiling (t-SNE) revealed an overlap of ISA and cardiac UPS. This “ISA” methylation signature was distinct from potential histologic and molecular mimics. In conclusion, our data reveal MDM4 and CDK6 amplifications in ISAs and UPS of the left atrium, lacking MDM2 amplification. We further report novel co-amplifications of various oncogenes, which may have therapeutic implications. Finally, the genetic and epigenetic concordance of ISAs and UPS of the left atrium further supports a shared pathogenesis and common classification.
Undifferentiated mesenchymal tumors arising from the inner lining (intima) of large arteries are classified as intimal sarcomas (ISA) with MDM2 amplification as their molecular hallmark. Interestingly, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS) of the heart have recently been suggested to represent the cardiac analog of ISA due to morphological overlap and high prevalence of MDM2 amplifications in both neoplasms. However, little is known about ISAs and cardiac UPS without MDM2 amplifications and molecular data supporting their common classification is sparse. Here, we report a series of 35 cases comprising 25 ISAs of the pulmonary artery, one ISA of the renal artery and 9 UPS of the left atrium. Tumors were analyzed utilizing the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip array, enabling copy number profile generation and unsupervised DNA methylation analysis. DNA methylation patterns were investigated using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) analysis. Histologically, all ISAs and UPS of the left atrium resembled extra-cardiac UPS. All cases exhibited highly complex karyotypes with overlapping patterns between ISA and UPS. 29/35 cases showed mutually exclusive amplifications in the cell-cycle associated oncogenes MDM2 (25/35), MDM4 (2/35), and CDK6 (2/35). We further observed recurrent co-amplifications in PDGFRA (21/35), CDK4 (15/35), TERT (11/35), HDAC9 (9/35), and CCND1 (4/35). Sporadic co-amplifications occurred in MYC, MYCN, and MET (each 1/35). The tumor suppressor CDKN2A/B was frequently deleted (10/35). Interestingly, DNA methylation profiling (t-SNE) revealed an overlap of ISA and cardiac UPS. This “ISA” methylation signature was distinct from potential histologic and molecular mimics. In conclusion, our data reveal MDM4 and CDK6 amplifications in ISAs and UPS of the left atrium, lacking MDM2 amplification. We further report novel co-amplifications of various oncogenes, which may have therapeutic implications. Finally, the genetic and epigenetic concordance of ISAs and UPS of the left atrium further supports a shared pathogenesis and common classification.
Undifferentiated mesenchymal tumors arising from the inner lining (intima) of large arteries are classified as intimal sarcomas (ISA) with MDM2 amplification as their molecular hallmark. Interestingly, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS) of the heart have recently been suggested to represent the cardiac analog of ISA due to morphological overlap and high prevalence of MDM2 amplifications in both neoplasms. However, little is known about ISAs and cardiac UPS without MDM2 amplifications and molecular data supporting their common classification is sparse. Here, we report a series of 35 cases comprising 25 ISAs of the pulmonary artery, one ISA of the renal artery and 9 UPS of the left atrium. Tumors were analyzed utilizing the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip array, enabling copy number profile generation and unsupervised DNA methylation analysis. DNA methylation patterns were investigated using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) analysis. Histologically, all ISAs and UPS of the left atrium resembled extra-cardiac UPS. All cases exhibited highly complex karyotypes with overlapping patterns between ISA and UPS. 29/35 cases showed mutually exclusive amplifications in the cell-cycle associated oncogenes MDM2 (25/35), MDM4 (2/35), and CDK6 (2/35). We further observed recurrent co-amplifications in PDGFRA (21/35), CDK4 (15/35), TERT (11/35), HDAC9 (9/35), and CCND1 (4/35). Sporadic co-amplifications occurred in MYC, MYCN, and MET (each 1/35). The tumor suppressor CDKN2A/B was frequently deleted (10/35). Interestingly, DNA methylation profiling (t-SNE) revealed an overlap of ISA and cardiac UPS. This "ISA" methylation signature was distinct from potential histologic and molecular mimics. In conclusion, our data reveal MDM4 and CDK6 amplifications in ISAs and UPS of the left atrium, lacking MDM2 amplification. We further report novel co-amplifications of various oncogenes, which may have therapeutic implications. Finally, the genetic and epigenetic concordance of ISAs and UPS of the left atrium further supports a shared pathogenesis and common classification.Undifferentiated mesenchymal tumors arising from the inner lining (intima) of large arteries are classified as intimal sarcomas (ISA) with MDM2 amplification as their molecular hallmark. Interestingly, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS) of the heart have recently been suggested to represent the cardiac analog of ISA due to morphological overlap and high prevalence of MDM2 amplifications in both neoplasms. However, little is known about ISAs and cardiac UPS without MDM2 amplifications and molecular data supporting their common classification is sparse. Here, we report a series of 35 cases comprising 25 ISAs of the pulmonary artery, one ISA of the renal artery and 9 UPS of the left atrium. Tumors were analyzed utilizing the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip array, enabling copy number profile generation and unsupervised DNA methylation analysis. DNA methylation patterns were investigated using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) analysis. Histologically, all ISAs and UPS of the left atrium resembled extra-cardiac UPS. All cases exhibited highly complex karyotypes with overlapping patterns between ISA and UPS. 29/35 cases showed mutually exclusive amplifications in the cell-cycle associated oncogenes MDM2 (25/35), MDM4 (2/35), and CDK6 (2/35). We further observed recurrent co-amplifications in PDGFRA (21/35), CDK4 (15/35), TERT (11/35), HDAC9 (9/35), and CCND1 (4/35). Sporadic co-amplifications occurred in MYC, MYCN, and MET (each 1/35). The tumor suppressor CDKN2A/B was frequently deleted (10/35). Interestingly, DNA methylation profiling (t-SNE) revealed an overlap of ISA and cardiac UPS. This "ISA" methylation signature was distinct from potential histologic and molecular mimics. In conclusion, our data reveal MDM4 and CDK6 amplifications in ISAs and UPS of the left atrium, lacking MDM2 amplification. We further report novel co-amplifications of various oncogenes, which may have therapeutic implications. Finally, the genetic and epigenetic concordance of ISAs and UPS of the left atrium further supports a shared pathogenesis and common classification.
Author Stenzinger, Albrecht
Kommoss, Felix K. F.
Baumhoer, Daniel
Jones, David T. W.
Pfister, Stefan M.
Ladanyi, Marc
Buslei, Rolf
Stichel, Damian
Fröhling, Stefan
Flucke, Uta
Antonescu, Cristina R.
Koelsche, Christian
Benhamida, Jamal K.
Heilig, Christoph E.
Bode-Lesniewska, Beata
Gorp, Joost van
Deimling, Andreas von
Mechtersheimer, Gunhild
Mentzel, Thomas
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34312479$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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CapperDStichelDSahmFJonesDTWSchrimpfDSillMPractical implementation of DNA methylation and copy-number-based CNS tumor diagnostics: the Heidelberg experienceActa Neuropathol20181361812101:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXht1yks7vL10.1007/s00401-018-1879-y
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References_xml – reference: FittallMWLyskjaerIElleryPLombardPIjazJStroblACDrivers underpinning the malignant transformation of giant cell tumour of boneJ Pathol2020252433401:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXis1ShsrzO10.1002/path.5537
– reference: TavoraFMiettinenMFanburg-SmithJFranksTJBurkeAPulmonary artery sarcoma: a histologic and follow-up study with emphasis on a subset of low-grade myofibroblastic sarcomas with a good long-term follow-upAm J Surg Pathol20083217516110.1097/PAS.0b013e31817d7fd0
– reference: PajtlerKWWittHSillMJonesDTHovestadtVKratochwilFMolecular classification of ependymal tumors across all CNS compartments, histopathological grades, and age groupsCancer Cell201527728431:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXosVamurY%3D10.1016/j.ccell.2015.04.002
– reference: KoelscheCSchrimpfDStichelDSillMSahmFReussDESarcoma classification by DNA methylation profilingNat Commun2021121:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhvF2jsro%3D10.1038/s41467-020-20603-4
– reference: HauptSMejia-HernandezJOVijayakumaranRKeamSPHauptYThe long and the short of it: the MDM4 tail so farJ Mol Cell Biol201911231441:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXjslCls7o%3D10.1093/jmcb/mjz007
– reference: HovestadtVRemkeMKoolMPietschTNorthcottPAFischerRRobust molecular subgrouping and copy-number profiling of medulloblastoma from small amounts of archival tumour material using high-density DNA methylation arraysActa Neuropathol201312591391610.1007/s00401-013-1126-5
– reference: WHO Classification of Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart. 4th edn, Vol. 7 (2015).
– reference: CoindreJMHosteinIMaireGDerreJGuillouLLerouxAInflammatory malignant fibrous histiocytomas and dedifferentiated liposarcomas: histological review, genomic profile, and MDM2 and CDK4 status favour a single entityJ Pathol2004203822301:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmtFSmtLs%3D10.1002/path.1579
– reference: BasturkOWeigeltBAdsayVBenhamidaJKAskanGWangLSclerosing epithelioid mesenchymal neoplasm of the pancreas - a proposed new entityMod Pathol202033456671:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhsFCmsr%2FE10.1038/s41379-019-0334-5
– reference: KommossFKFStichelDSchrimpfDKriegsmannMTessier-CloutierBTalhoukADNA methylation-based profiling of uterine neoplasms: a novel tool to improve gynecologic cancer diagnosticsJ Cancer Res Clin Oncol2020146971041:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXitlOmsb7F10.1007/s00432-019-03093-w
– reference: NeuvilleACollinFBrunevalPParrensMThivoletFGomez-BrouchetAIntimal sarcoma is the most frequent primary cardiac sarcoma: clinicopathologic and molecular retrospective analysis of 100 primary cardiac sarcomasAm J Surg Pathol20143846146910.1097/PAS.0000000000000184
– reference: DewaeleBFlorisGFinalet-FerreiroJFletcherCDCoindreJMGuillouLCoactivated platelet-derived growth factor receptor {alpha} and epidermal growth factor receptor are potential therapeutic targets in intimal sarcomaCancer Res2010707304141:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtFGqtrjL10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1543
– reference: BurkeAPVirmaniRSarcomas of the great vessels. A clinicopathologic studyCancer1993711761731:STN:280:DyaK3s7ptlSltQ%3D%3D10.1002/1097-0142(19930301)71:5<1761::AID-CNCR2820710510>3.0.CO;2-7
– reference: WeidemaMEvan de GeerEKoelscheCDesarIMEKemmerenPHillebrandt-RoeffenMHSDNA methylation profiling identifies distinct clusters in angiosarcomasClin Cancer Res202026931001:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhslGns7zE10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-2180
– reference: MildeTOehmeIKorshunovAKopp-SchneiderARemkeMNorthcottPHDAC5 and HDAC9 in medulloblastoma: novel markers for risk stratification and role in tumor cell growthClin Cancer Res2010163240521:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXntlKqsr0%3D10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-0395
– reference: Watson, R, Frye, J, Trieu, M & Yang, MX Primary undifferentiated pleomorphic cardiac sarcoma with MDM2 amplification presenting as acute left-sided heart failure. BMJ Case Rep2018 (2018).
– reference: CapperDJonesDTWSillMHovestadtVSchrimpfDSturmDDNA methylation-based classification of central nervous system tumoursNature2018555469741:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXksFegu70%3D10.1038/nature26000
– reference: TaylorBSBarretinaJMakiRGAntonescuCRSingerSLadanyiMAdvances in sarcoma genomics and new therapeutic targetsNat Rev Cancer201111541571:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXovFehur4%3D10.1038/nrc3087
– reference: CoindreJMMarianiOChibonFMairalADe Saint Aubain SomerhausenNFavre-GuillevinEMost malignant fibrous histiocytomas developed in the retroperitoneum are dedifferentiated liposarcomas: a review of 25 cases initially diagnosed as malignant fibrous histiocytomaMod Pathol2003162566210.1097/01.MP.0000056983.78547.77
– reference: BurkeATavoraFThe 2015 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Heart and PericardiumJ Thorac Oncol2016114415210.1016/j.jtho.2015.11.009
– reference: Le GuellecSChibonFOualiMPerotGDecouvelaereAVRobinYMAre peripheral purely undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas with MDM2 amplification dedifferentiated liposarcomas?Am J Surg Pathol20143829330410.1097/PAS.0000000000000131
– reference: BarretinaJTaylorBSBanerjiSRamosAHLagos-QuintanaMDecarolisPLSubtype-specific genomic alterations define new targets for soft-tissue sarcoma therapyNat Genet201042715211:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXotlWktLY%3D10.1038/ng.619
– reference: ZhangHMacdonaldWDErickson-JohnsonMWangXJenkinsRBOliveiraAMCytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic findings of intimal sarcomaCancer Genet Cytogenet20071791461491:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlCrs7fL10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2007.08.013
– reference: ItoYMaedaDYoshidaMYoshidaAKudo-AsabeYNanjyoHCardiac intimal sarcoma with PDGFRbeta mutation and co-amplification of PDGFRalpha and MDM2: an autopsy case analyzed by whole-exome sequencingVirchows Arch201747142342810.1007/s00428-017-2135-x
– reference: CapperDStichelDSahmFJonesDTWSchrimpfDSillMPractical implementation of DNA methylation and copy-number-based CNS tumor diagnostics: the Heidelberg experienceActa Neuropathol20181361812101:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXht1yks7vL10.1007/s00401-018-1879-y
– reference: StaatsPTavoraFBurkeAPIntimal sarcomas of the aorta and iliofemoral arteries: a clinicopathological study of 26 casesPathology2014465966031:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhvFGgu7fM10.1097/PAT.0000000000000182
– reference: Ten BroekRWKoelscheCEijkelenboomAMentzelTCreytensDVokuhlCKaposiform hemangioendothelioma and tufted angioma - (epi)genetic analysis including genome-wide methylation profilingAnn Diagn Pathol20204415143410.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.151434
– reference: KoelscheCStichelDGriewankKGSchrimpfDReussDEBewerunge-HudlerMGenome-wide methylation profiling and copy number analysis in atypical fibroxanthomas and pleomorphic dermal sarcomas indicate a similar molecular phenotypeClin Sarcoma Res2019910.1186/s13569-019-0113-6
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Snippet Undifferentiated mesenchymal tumors arising from the inner lining (intima) of large arteries are classified as intimal sarcomas (ISA) with MDM2 amplification...
Undifferentiated mesenchymal tumors arising from the inner lining (intima) of large arteries are classified as intimal sarcomas (ISA) with MDM2 amplification...
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StartPage 2122
SubjectTerms 45/61
631/67
692/53/2421
82/47
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Atrium
Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics
c-Met protein
Cell Cycle Proteins - genetics
Cell Differentiation
Copy number
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6 - genetics
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA Copy Number Variations
DNA fingerprinting
DNA methylation
DNA Methylation - genetics
DNA, Neoplasm - genetics
Embedding
Epigenetics
Female
Gene Amplification
Genome-Wide Association Study
Heart
Heart Neoplasms - genetics
Heart Neoplasms - pathology
Humans
In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
Karyotypes
Laboratory Medicine
Male
MDM2 protein
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Mesenchyme
Middle Aged
Myc protein
Neoplasm Proteins - genetics
Pathology
Proto-Oncogene Proteins - genetics
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 - genetics
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary artery
Renal artery
Sarcoma
Sarcoma - genetics
Sarcoma - pathology
Tumor suppressor genes
Tumors
Tunica Intima - pathology
Veins & arteries
Young Adult
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Title Intimal sarcomas and undifferentiated cardiac sarcomas carry mutually exclusive MDM2, MDM4, and CDK6 amplifications and share a common DNA methylation signature
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41379-021-00874-y
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Volume 34
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