An Augmented Modulated Deep Learning Based Intelligent Predictive Model for Brain Tumor Detection Using GAN Ensemble

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 23; no. 15; p. 6930
• Main Authors: Sahoo, Saswati, Mishra, Sushruta, Panda, Baidyanath, Bhoi, Akash Kumar, Barsocchi, Paolo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.08.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Accuracy; Artificial intelligence; Benchmarking; Brain - diagnostic imaging; Brain cancer; Brain Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging; Brain research; brain tumor; Brain tumors; Datasets; Deep Learning; generative adversarial network; Humans; Identification; Intelligence; Liquors; Machine learning; Neural networks; Patients; PGGAN; soft voting; Tumors; generative adversarial network; deep learning; brain tumor; soft voting; machine learning; PGGAN
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s23156930

Brain tumor detection in the initial stage is becoming an intricate task for clinicians worldwide. The diagnosis of brain tumor patients is rigorous in the later stages, which is a serious concern. Although there are related pragmatic clinical tools and multiple models based on machine learning (ML) for the effective diagnosis of patients, these models still provide less accuracy and take immense time for patient screening during the diagnosis process. Hence, there is still a need to develop a more precise model for more accurate screening of patients to detect brain tumors in the beginning stages and aid clinicians in diagnosis, making the brain tumor assessment more reliable. In this research, a performance analysis of the impact of different generative adversarial networks (GAN) on the early detection of brain tumors is presented. Based on it, a novel hybrid enhanced predictive convolution neural network (CNN) model using a hybrid GAN ensemble is proposed. Brain tumor image data is augmented using a GAN ensemble, which is fed for classification using a hybrid modulated CNN technique. The outcome is generated through a soft voting approach where the final prediction is based on the GAN, which computes the highest value for different performance metrics. This analysis demonstrated that evaluation with a progressive-growing generative adversarial network (PGGAN) architecture produced the best result. In the analysis, PGGAN outperformed others, computing the accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and negative predictive value (NPV) to be 98.85, 98.45%, 97.2%, 98.11%, and 98.09%, respectively. Additionally, a very low latency of 3.4 s is determined with PGGAN. The PGGAN model enhanced the overall performance of the identification of brain cell tissues in real time. Therefore, it may be inferred to suggest that brain tumor detection in patients using PGGAN augmentation with the proposed modulated CNN technique generates the optimum performance using the soft voting approach.