Self-discrepancy and elaboration of self-conceptions as factors influencing reactions to feedback
Previous research examined the predictions of the self‐enhancement theory and the self‐consistency theory regarding reactions to self‐relevant feedback. In the present study two circumstances that are supposed to moderate self‐enhancement and self‐consistency motives have been examined: the elaborat...
Saved in:
| Published in | European journal of social psychology Vol. 29; no. 5-6; pp. 725 - 739 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Chichester, UK
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
01.08.1999
Wiley |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0046-2772 1099-0992 |
| DOI | 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G |
Cover
| Abstract | Previous research examined the predictions of the self‐enhancement theory and the self‐consistency theory regarding reactions to self‐relevant feedback. In the present study two circumstances that are supposed to moderate self‐enhancement and self‐consistency motives have been examined: the elaboration of a self‐conception and the discrepancy between the actual self and a personal standard. One hundred and fourteen participants received either positive, consistent, or negative feedback regarding their results on a personality test. Affective and cognitive reactions to fictitious feedback were measured as dependent variables. In accordance with prior empirical evidence, affective reactions followed the self‐enhancement theory and cognitive reactions were in line with the self‐consistency theory. Moreover, affective and cognitive reactions were influenced by the elaboration of a self‐conception and the discrepancy between the actual self and a personal standard as predicted. Regarding affective reactions, the predictions of the self‐enhancement theory were more clearly supported when self‐conceptions were less elaborated or when people perceived a high self‐discrepancy. Regarding cognitive reactions, the predictions of the self‐consistency theory were more clearly supported when self‐conceptions were highly elaborated or when people perceived a low self‐discrepancy. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Examines 2 theoretical positions: that individuals are motivated to enhance their self-esteem; and that individuals' self-evaluations are affected by a self-consistency motive. Subjects received either positive, consistent, or negative feedback regarding their results on a personality test. Finds individuals' affective reactions followed the self-enhancement theory and cognitive reactions were in line with self-consistency theory. Moreover, finds that affective and cognitive reactions were influenced by the elaboration of a self-conception and the discrepancy between the actual self and a personal standard. (Original abstract - amended) Previous research examined the predictions of the self‐enhancement theory and the self‐consistency theory regarding reactions to self‐relevant feedback. In the present study two circumstances that are supposed to moderate self‐enhancement and self‐consistency motives have been examined: the elaboration of a self‐conception and the discrepancy between the actual self and a personal standard. One hundred and fourteen participants received either positive, consistent, or negative feedback regarding their results on a personality test. Affective and cognitive reactions to fictitious feedback were measured as dependent variables. In accordance with prior empirical evidence, affective reactions followed the self‐enhancement theory and cognitive reactions were in line with the self‐consistency theory. Moreover, affective and cognitive reactions were influenced by the elaboration of a self‐conception and the discrepancy between the actual self and a personal standard as predicted. Regarding affective reactions, the predictions of the self‐enhancement theory were more clearly supported when self‐conceptions were less elaborated or when people perceived a high self‐discrepancy. Regarding cognitive reactions, the predictions of the self‐consistency theory were more clearly supported when self‐conceptions were highly elaborated or when people perceived a low self‐discrepancy. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
| Author | Stahlberg, Dagmar Petersen, Lars-Eric Dauenheimer, Dirk |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Dirk surname: Dauenheimer fullname: Dauenheimer, Dirk organization: University of Mannheim, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Dagmar surname: Stahlberg fullname: Stahlberg, Dagmar organization: University of Mannheim, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: Lars-Eric surname: Petersen fullname: Petersen, Lars-Eric organization: University of Halle-Wittenberg, Germany |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1865793$$DView record in Pascal Francis |
| BookMark | eNqNkW-LEzEQhxc5wd7pd1hQ5O7Fttlkk2yqCGd71spxFeqfN8KQZieyd3tJTVq0396srSeooC9CwvDkN8w8x9mR8w6zbFqSYUkIHZ0u55P5WUmUKtKhp6VSitQjos6oGvOReC4pH4_P59Pi4s3yrZLkBRuS4WTxjBaze9ng7uNRNiCkEgWVkj7IjmO8JoQoIdgg00vsbNG00QRca2d2uXZNjp1e-aA3rXe5t3nsGeOdwXVfirmOudVm40PMW2e7LTrTus95wFT8AWx8bhGblTY3D7P7VncRHx3uk-z9q4t3k9fF5WI2n5xfFoYzSQopmRXNqkbUrKIVIY0VXJTYGMGsMcayylSlqKVGFGVlBAqkHCtSk1Ki0uwke7rPXQf_ZYtxA7dpKuw67dBvI3BZiYor_k-Q1VLImtMEPv4NvPbb4NIQUNZSEs6ZKhP15EDpaHRnQ9piG2Ed2lsddokUXCqWsE97zAQfY0D7iyDQ2wbobUMvDXppsLed3kAVcBCQbAMk23CwDQwITBZAYZbiYR__te1w90f2_0T_PflnKXUo9h3auMFvdx10uAEhmeTw8WoGV-LlcvqhqmHKvgMCwtGb |
| CODEN | EJSPA6 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1177/01461672952112010 10.1037/0022-3514.61.4.670 10.1037/0022-3514.35.2.63 10.1016/0022-1031(65)90045-4 10.1037/0021-843X.87.1.49 10.1037/h0076791 10.1016/0022-1031(81)90043-3 10.1037/0022-3514.60.4.518 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199906)29:4<489::AID-EJSP940>3.0.CO;2-8 10.1080/00332747.1976.11023874 10.1037/h0041812 10.1037/0021-843X.101.2.314 10.1037/10628-000 10.1037/0022-3514.46.6.1287 10.1037/0022-3514.54.2.268 10.1037/h0032399 10.1037/0022-3514.52.5.881 10.1037/h0030473 10.2307/2786402 10.1006/jesp.1995.1015 10.1037/h0033720 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb00381.x 10.1037/0021-843X.101.2.293 10.1037/0022-3514.32.5.880 10.1177/0146167283093018 10.1037/h0030709 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1975.tb00574.x 10.1037/0033-295X.96.4.576 10.2307/2786014 10.1037/0022-3514.40.3.521 10.1037/0022-3514.41.6.1119 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 1999 INIST-CNRS |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. – notice: 1999 INIST-CNRS |
| DBID | BSCLL AAYXX CITATION IQODW JQCIK K30 PAAUG PAWHS PAWZZ PAXOH PBHAV PBQSW PBYQZ PCIWU PCMID PCZJX PDGRG PDWWI PETMR PFVGT PGXDX PIHIL PISVA PJCTQ PJTMS PLCHJ PMHAD PNQDJ POUND PPLAD PQAPC PQCAN PQCMW PQEME PQHKH PQMID PQNCT PQNET PQSCT PQSET PSVJG PVMQY PZGFC 8BJ FQK JBE 7QJ |
| DOI | 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G |
| DatabaseName | Istex CrossRef Pascal-Francis Periodicals Index Online Segment 33 Periodicals Index Online Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - West Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - International Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - MEA Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Midwest Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Northeast Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Southeast Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - North Central Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Southeast Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - South Central Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - UK / I Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Canada Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - EMEALA Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - North Central Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - South Central Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - International Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - International Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - West Periodicals Index Online Segments 1-50 Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - APAC Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Midwest Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - MEA Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Canada Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - UK / I Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - EMEALA Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - APAC Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Canada Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - West Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - EMEALA Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Northeast Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Midwest Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - North Central Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Northeast Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - South Central Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Southeast Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - UK / I Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - APAC Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - MEA International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) International Bibliography of the Social Sciences International Bibliography of the Social Sciences Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Periodicals Index Online Segment 33 Periodicals Index Online Segments 1-50 Periodicals Index Online International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA) |
| DatabaseTitleList | Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA) |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Psychology Sociology & Social History |
| EISSN | 1099-0992 |
| EndPage | 739 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 1865793 10_1002__SICI_1099_0992_199908_09_29_5_6_725__AID_EJSP970_3_0_CO_2_G EJSP970 ark_67375_WNG_N6BSDV48_D |
| Genre | article |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft funderid: Sta‐422/3‐1 |
| GroupedDBID | --Z -~X .3N .GA .Y3 05W 07C 0R~ 10A 1L6 1OB 1OC 1ZS 31~ 33P 3WU 4.4 4ZD 50Y 50Z 51W 51Y 52M 52O 52Q 52S 52T 52U 52V 52W 53G 5GY 5VS 66C 6PF 702 7PT 8-0 8-1 8-3 8-4 8-5 8UM 930 A01 A04 AABNI AAESR AAHQN AAIPD AAMMB AAMNL AANHP AAONW AAOUF AASGY AAWTL AAXRX AAYCA AAYJJ AAZKR ABCQN ABCUV ABDBF ABEML ABIJN ABIVO ABJNI ABPVW ABQWH ABSOO ABXGK ACAHQ ACBKW ACBWZ ACCZN ACFBH ACGFS ACGOF ACHQT ACMXC ACPOU ACRPL ACSCC ACUHS ACXQS ACYXJ ADBBV ADBTR ADEMA ADEOM ADIZJ ADKYN ADMGS ADMHG ADNMO ADXAS ADZMN AEFGJ AEIGN AEIMD AEUYR AEYWJ AFBPY AFFNX AFFPM AFGKR AFKFF AFWVQ AFZJQ AGHNM AGQPQ AGXDD AHBTC AIACR AIDQK AIDYY AIQQE AIURR ALAGY ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQN ALVPJ AMBMR AMYDB ASPBG ASTYK AVWKF AZBYB AZFZN AZVAB BAFTC BDRZF BFHJK BMXJE BNVMJ BQESF BROTX BRXPI BSCLL BY8 CS3 D-7 D-C D-D DCZOG DPXWK DR2 DRFUL DRMAN DRSSH DU5 EAD EAP EAS EBC EBD EBS EJD EMK EPL EPS ESX F00 F01 F5P FEDTE FUBAC G-S G.N G50 GNP GODZA HAOEW HBH HF~ HGLYW HHY HHZ HVGLF HZ~ IX1 J0M JPC KBYEO KQQ LATKE LAW LC2 LC4 LEEKS LH4 LITHE LOXES LP6 LP7 LPU LUTES LW6 LYRES M6U MEWTI MK4 MRFUL MRMAN MRSSH MSFUL MSMAN MSSSH MVM MXFUL MXMAN MXSSH N04 N06 N9A NF~ NNB O66 O9- OHT OIG OVD P2P P2W P2Y P4C PALCI PQQKQ Q.N Q11 QB0 QRW R.K RIWAO RJQFR ROL RX1 RYL SAMSI SUPJJ TEORI TUS UB1 UPT V2E W8V W99 WBKPD WH7 WHDPE WIB WIH WII WIJ WJL WOHZO WQZ WSUWO WXSBR XG1 XOL XV2 ZY4 ZZTAW ~IA ~WP AAHHS ABTAH ACCFJ ADZOD AEEZP AEQDE AEUQT AFPWT AFYRF AIFKG AIWBW AJBDE RVT RWI WRC AAYXX CITATION 08R AAGJQ AAPBV AAVGM ABPTK ABWRO ACXME ADDAD AFVGU AGJLS AJYWA AKALU IQODW XFK JQCIK K30 PAAUG PAWHS PAWZZ PAXOH PBHAV PBQSW PBYQZ PCIWU PCMID PCZJX PDGRG PDWWI PETMR PFVGT PGXDX PIHIL PISVA PJCTQ PJTMS PLCHJ PMHAD PNQDJ POUND PPLAD PQAPC PQCAN PQCMW PQEME PQHKH PQMID PQNCT PQNET PQSCT PQSET PSVJG PVMQY PZGFC 8BJ FQK JBE 7QJ |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c5370-773f6db8eea342400df6561edc63fcccf34c41687aee614c6e6e25e408017e9a3 |
| IEDL.DBID | DR2 |
| ISSN | 0046-2772 |
| IngestDate | Thu Jul 10 18:10:09 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 11 04:08:27 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 25 06:35:59 EDT 2025 Sun Oct 22 16:09:06 EDT 2023 Wed Oct 01 05:04:55 EDT 2025 Wed Jan 22 16:45:59 EST 2025 Sun Sep 21 06:21:14 EDT 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 5-6 |
| Keywords | Human Affect affectivity Attitude Self perception Cognition Personality Self concept Attribution |
| Language | English |
| License | http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 CC BY 4.0 |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c5370-773f6db8eea342400df6561edc63fcccf34c41687aee614c6e6e25e408017e9a3 |
| Notes | ark:/67375/WNG-N6BSDV48-D Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - No. Sta-422/3-1 ArticleID:EJSP970 istex:7C3E1F8AD91E1ECF4453C7B08F1BCD70B3CB41A1 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 |
| PQID | 1877055391 |
| PQPubID | 1821027 |
| PageCount | 15 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_57464595 proquest_miscellaneous_38767852 proquest_journals_1877055391 pascalfrancis_primary_1865793 crossref_primary_10_1002__SICI_1099_0992_199908_09_29_5_6_725__AID_EJSP970_3_0_CO_2_G wiley_primary_10_1002_SICI_1099_0992_199908_09_29_5_6_725_AID_EJSP970_3_0_CO_2_G_EJSP970 istex_primary_ark_67375_WNG_N6BSDV48_D |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 1900 |
| PublicationDate | August ‐ September 1999 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 1999-08-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 08 year: 1999 text: August ‐ September 1999 |
| PublicationDecade | 1990 |
| PublicationPlace | Chichester, UK |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Chichester, UK – name: Chichester |
| PublicationTitle | European journal of social psychology |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Eur. J. Soc. Psychol |
| PublicationYear | 1999 |
| Publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Wiley |
| Publisher_xml | – name: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd – name: Wiley |
| References | Shrauger, J. S. & Lund, A. K. (1975). Self-evaluation and reactions to evaluations from others. Journal of Personality, 43, 94-108. Marecek, J. & Mettee, D. R. (1972). Avoidance of continued success as a function of self-esteem, level of esteem certainty, and responsibility for success. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 22, 98-107. Duval, S. & Wicklund, R. A. (1972). A theory of objective self-awareness. New York: Academic Press. Sedikides, C. & Strube, M. J. (1995). The multiply motivated self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 1330-1335. Swann, W. B. Jr, Wenzlaff, R. M. & Tafarodi, R. W. (1992). Depression and the search for negative evaluations: More evidence of the role of self-verification strivings. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 314-317. Stahlberg, D., Petersen, L.-E. & Dauenheimer, D. (1996). Reaktionen auf selbstkonzeptrelevante Informationen: Der Integrative Selbstschemaansatz (Reactions to self-relevant information: The Integrative Self-Schema Model). Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie, 27, 126-136. Deutsch, M. & Solomon, L. (1959). Reactions to evaluations by others as influenced by self-evaluations. Sociometry, 22, 92-113. Swann, W. B. Jr, Griffin, J. J. Jr, Predmore, S. C. & Gaines, B. (1987). The cognitive-affective crossfire: When self-consistency confronts self-enhancement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 881-889. Stahlberg, D., Petersen, L.-E. & Dauenheimer, D. (1999). Preferences for and evaluation of self-relevant information depending on the elaboration of the self-schemata involved. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 489-502. Jones, S. C. & Schneider, D. J. (1968). Certainty of self-appraisal and reactions to evaluations from others. Sociometry, 31, 395-403. Swann, W. B. Jr & Read, S. J. (1981a). Self-verification processes: How we sustain our self-conceptions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 17, 351-372. Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E. P. & Teasdale, J. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 49-74. Andrews, J. D. (1989). Psychotherapy of depression: A self-confirmation model. Psychological Review, 96, 576-607. Coyne, J. C. (1976). Toward an interactional description of depression. Psychiatry, 39, 28-40. Jacobs, L., Berscheid, E. & Walster, E. (1971). Self-esteem and attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 17, 84-91. Swann, W. B. Jr & Read, S. J. (1981b). Acquiring self-knowledge: The search for feedback that fits. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 1119-1128. Pelham, B. W. (1991b). On the benefits of misery: Self-serving biases in the depressive self-concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 670-681. Jussim, L., Yen, H. & Aiello, J. R. (1995). Self-consistency, self-enhancement, and accuracy in reactions to feedback. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 31, 322-356. Swann, W. B. Jr, Wenzlaff, R. M., Krull, D. S. & Pelham, B. W. (1992). Allure of negative feedback: Self-verification strivings among depressed persons. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 293-306. Pelham, B. W. (1991a). On confidence and consequence: The certainty and importance of self-knowledge. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 518-530. Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York: International University Press. Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects. New York: Hoeber. Walster, E. (1965). The effect of self-esteem on romantic liking. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1, 184-197. Seligman, M. E. P. (1975). On depression, development, and death. San Francisco: Freeman. Shrauger, J. S. (1975). Responses to evaluation as a function of initial self-perceptions. Psychological Bulletin, 82, 581-596. McFarlin, D. B. & Blascovich, J. (1981). Effects of self-esteem and performance feedback on future affective preferences and cognitive expectations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 521-531. Frey, D. & Stahlberg, D. (1986). Selection of information after receiving more or less reliable self-threatening information. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 481-488. Fiske, S. T. & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Markus, H. (1977). Self-schemata and processing information about the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 63-78. Petersen, L.-E. & Stahlberg, D. (1995). Der Integrative Selbstschemaansatz: Die Suche und Verarbeitung selbstkonzeptrelevanter Informationen in Abhängigkeit vom Elaborationsgrad der involvierten Selbstschemata (The integrative self-schema model: Preferences for and evaluations of self-relevant information depending on the elaboration of the self-schemata involved). Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie, 42, 43-62. Sweeney, P. D. & Wells, L. E. (1990). Reactions to feedback about performance: A test of three competing models. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 818-834. Ross, L., Lepper, M. K. & Hubbard, M. (1975). Perseverance in self-perception and social perception: Biased attributional processes in the debriefing paradigm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 880-892. Dittes, J. E. (1959). Attractiveness of group as a function of self-esteem and acceptance by group. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59, 77-82. Gough, H. G. & Heilbrun, A. B. (1965). The adjective check list manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. Lecky, P. (1945). Self-consistency: A theory of personality. New York: Island Press. Swann, W. B. Jr & Ely, R. J. (1984). A battle of wills: Self-verification versus behavioral confirmation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1287-1302. Dutton, D. G. (1972). Effect of feedback parameters on congruency versus positivity effects in reactions to personal evaluations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24, 366-371. Swann, W. B. Jr, Pelham, B. W. & Chidester, T. (1988). Change through paradox: Using self-verification to alter beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 268-273. Skolnick, P. (1971). Reactions to personal evaluations: A failure to replicate. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18, 62-68. Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: Wiley. 1995; 31 1987; 52 1999; 29 1992; 101 1984; 46 1976 1988; 54 1997; 29 1975 1978; 2 1972 1981b; 41 1991 1975; 32 1972; 24 1972; 22 1981; 40 1958 1959; 22 1995; 42 1989; 96 1990; 2 1990; 20 1965; 1 1981a; 17 1971; 17 1978; 87 1986; 9 1971; 18 1991a; 60 1995; 21 1965 1985 1982 1977; 35 1975; 43 1975; 82 1976; 39 1959; 59 1996; 27 1967 1945 1968; 31 1991b; 61 Petersen (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB24) 1995; 42 Frey (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB11) 1986; 9 Ross (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB25) 1975; 32 Stahlberg (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB35) 1999; 29 Stahlberg (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB33) 1985 Dutton (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB8) 1972; 24 Sedikides (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB27) 1997; 29 Swann (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB39) 1988; 54 Andrews (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB2) 1989; 96 Pelham (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB22) 1991a; 60 Shrauger (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB30) 1982 Jacobs (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB15) 1971; 17 Seligman (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB28) 1975 Ickes (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB14) 1978; 2 Sedikides (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB26) 1995; 21 Sweeney (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB44) 1990; 20 Coyne (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB5) 1976; 39 Skolnick (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB32) 1971; 18 Stahlberg (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB34) 1996; 27 Deutsch (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB6) 1959; 22 Shrauger (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB29) 1975; 82 Abramson (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB1) 1978; 87 Fiske (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB10) 1991 Dittes (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB7) 1959; 59 Lecky (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB18) 1945 Jones (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB16) 1968; 31 Swann (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB37) 1984; 46 Gough (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB12) 1965 Shrauger (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB31) 1975; 43 Swann (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB40) 1981a; 17 Marecek (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB19) 1972; 22 Swann (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB41) 1981b; 41 Beck (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB4) 1976 Pelham (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB23) 1991b; 61 Swann (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB42) 1992; 101 Swann (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB36) 1990; 2 Walster (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB45) 1965; 1 Beck (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB3) 1967 Swann (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB38) 1987; 52 Heider (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB13) 1958 Jussim (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB17) 1995; 31 Duval (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB9) 1972 McFarlin (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB21) 1981; 40 Swann (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB43) 1992; 101 Markus (10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB20) 1977; 35 |
| References_xml | – reference: Swann, W. B. Jr, Wenzlaff, R. M., Krull, D. S. & Pelham, B. W. (1992). Allure of negative feedback: Self-verification strivings among depressed persons. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 293-306. – reference: Coyne, J. C. (1976). Toward an interactional description of depression. Psychiatry, 39, 28-40. – reference: Sedikides, C. & Strube, M. J. (1995). The multiply motivated self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 1330-1335. – reference: Fiske, S. T. & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. – reference: Jussim, L., Yen, H. & Aiello, J. R. (1995). Self-consistency, self-enhancement, and accuracy in reactions to feedback. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 31, 322-356. – reference: Shrauger, J. S. & Lund, A. K. (1975). Self-evaluation and reactions to evaluations from others. Journal of Personality, 43, 94-108. – reference: Swann, W. B. Jr & Read, S. J. (1981b). Acquiring self-knowledge: The search for feedback that fits. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 1119-1128. – reference: Stahlberg, D., Petersen, L.-E. & Dauenheimer, D. (1999). Preferences for and evaluation of self-relevant information depending on the elaboration of the self-schemata involved. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 489-502. – reference: Swann, W. B. Jr, Wenzlaff, R. M. & Tafarodi, R. W. (1992). Depression and the search for negative evaluations: More evidence of the role of self-verification strivings. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 314-317. – reference: Skolnick, P. (1971). Reactions to personal evaluations: A failure to replicate. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18, 62-68. – reference: Dutton, D. G. (1972). Effect of feedback parameters on congruency versus positivity effects in reactions to personal evaluations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24, 366-371. – reference: Walster, E. (1965). The effect of self-esteem on romantic liking. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1, 184-197. – reference: Frey, D. & Stahlberg, D. (1986). Selection of information after receiving more or less reliable self-threatening information. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 481-488. – reference: Stahlberg, D., Petersen, L.-E. & Dauenheimer, D. (1996). Reaktionen auf selbstkonzeptrelevante Informationen: Der Integrative Selbstschemaansatz (Reactions to self-relevant information: The Integrative Self-Schema Model). Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie, 27, 126-136. – reference: Jacobs, L., Berscheid, E. & Walster, E. (1971). Self-esteem and attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 17, 84-91. – reference: Marecek, J. & Mettee, D. R. (1972). Avoidance of continued success as a function of self-esteem, level of esteem certainty, and responsibility for success. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 22, 98-107. – reference: Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York: International University Press. – reference: Sweeney, P. D. & Wells, L. E. (1990). Reactions to feedback about performance: A test of three competing models. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 818-834. – reference: Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E. P. & Teasdale, J. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 49-74. – reference: McFarlin, D. B. & Blascovich, J. (1981). Effects of self-esteem and performance feedback on future affective preferences and cognitive expectations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 521-531. – reference: Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: Wiley. – reference: Markus, H. (1977). Self-schemata and processing information about the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 63-78. – reference: Dittes, J. E. (1959). Attractiveness of group as a function of self-esteem and acceptance by group. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59, 77-82. – reference: Duval, S. & Wicklund, R. A. (1972). A theory of objective self-awareness. New York: Academic Press. – reference: Swann, W. B. Jr, Griffin, J. J. Jr, Predmore, S. C. & Gaines, B. (1987). The cognitive-affective crossfire: When self-consistency confronts self-enhancement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 881-889. – reference: Swann, W. B. Jr & Read, S. J. (1981a). Self-verification processes: How we sustain our self-conceptions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 17, 351-372. – reference: Andrews, J. D. (1989). Psychotherapy of depression: A self-confirmation model. Psychological Review, 96, 576-607. – reference: Deutsch, M. & Solomon, L. (1959). Reactions to evaluations by others as influenced by self-evaluations. Sociometry, 22, 92-113. – reference: Gough, H. G. & Heilbrun, A. B. (1965). The adjective check list manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. – reference: Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects. New York: Hoeber. – reference: Petersen, L.-E. & Stahlberg, D. (1995). Der Integrative Selbstschemaansatz: Die Suche und Verarbeitung selbstkonzeptrelevanter Informationen in Abhängigkeit vom Elaborationsgrad der involvierten Selbstschemata (The integrative self-schema model: Preferences for and evaluations of self-relevant information depending on the elaboration of the self-schemata involved). Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie, 42, 43-62. – reference: Jones, S. C. & Schneider, D. J. (1968). Certainty of self-appraisal and reactions to evaluations from others. Sociometry, 31, 395-403. – reference: Seligman, M. E. P. (1975). On depression, development, and death. San Francisco: Freeman. – reference: Ross, L., Lepper, M. K. & Hubbard, M. (1975). Perseverance in self-perception and social perception: Biased attributional processes in the debriefing paradigm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 880-892. – reference: Swann, W. B. Jr & Ely, R. J. (1984). A battle of wills: Self-verification versus behavioral confirmation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1287-1302. – reference: Pelham, B. W. (1991a). On confidence and consequence: The certainty and importance of self-knowledge. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 518-530. – reference: Lecky, P. (1945). Self-consistency: A theory of personality. New York: Island Press. – reference: Pelham, B. W. (1991b). On the benefits of misery: Self-serving biases in the depressive self-concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 670-681. – reference: Shrauger, J. S. (1975). Responses to evaluation as a function of initial self-perceptions. Psychological Bulletin, 82, 581-596. – reference: Swann, W. B. Jr, Pelham, B. W. & Chidester, T. (1988). Change through paradox: Using self-verification to alter beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 268-273. – year: 1958 – volume: 101 start-page: 293 year: 1992 end-page: 306 article-title: Allure of negative feedback: Self‐verification strivings among depressed persons publication-title: Journal of Abnormal Psychology – volume: 20 start-page: 818 year: 1990 end-page: 834 article-title: Reactions to feedback about performance: A test of three competing models publication-title: Journal of Applied Social Psychology – start-page: 128 year: 1982 end-page: 153 – volume: 35 start-page: 63 year: 1977 end-page: 78 article-title: Self‐schemata and processing information about the self publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology – volume: 22 start-page: 92 year: 1959 end-page: 113 article-title: Reactions to evaluations by others as influenced by self‐evaluations publication-title: Sociometry – volume: 18 start-page: 62 year: 1971 end-page: 68 article-title: Reactions to personal evaluations: A failure to replicate publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology – volume: 17 start-page: 351 year: 1981a end-page: 372 article-title: Self‐verification processes: How we sustain our self‐conceptions publication-title: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology – volume: 29 start-page: 489 year: 1999 end-page: 502 article-title: Preferences for and evaluation of self‐relevant information depending on the elaboration of the self‐schemata involved publication-title: European Journal of Social Psychology – volume: 31 start-page: 322 year: 1995 end-page: 356 article-title: Self‐consistency, self‐enhancement, and accuracy in reactions to feedback publication-title: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology – year: 1975 – volume: 21 start-page: 1330 year: 1995 end-page: 1335 article-title: The multiply motivated self publication-title: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin – volume: 27 start-page: 126 year: 1996 end-page: 136 article-title: Reaktionen auf selbstkonzeptrelevante Informationen: Der Integrative Selbstschemaansatz publication-title: Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie – volume: 32 start-page: 880 year: 1975 end-page: 892 article-title: Perseverance in self‐perception and social perception: Biased attributional processes in the debriefing paradigm publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology – start-page: 79 year: 1985 end-page: 125 – volume: 82 start-page: 581 year: 1975 end-page: 596 article-title: Responses to evaluation as a function of initial self‐perceptions publication-title: Psychological Bulletin – volume: 1 start-page: 184 year: 1965 end-page: 197 article-title: The effect of self‐esteem on romantic liking publication-title: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology – volume: 17 start-page: 84 year: 1971 end-page: 91 article-title: Self‐esteem and attraction publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology – volume: 96 start-page: 576 year: 1989 end-page: 607 article-title: Psychotherapy of depression: A self‐confirmation model publication-title: Psychological Review – volume: 29 start-page: 209 year: 1997 end-page: 269 – volume: 9 start-page: 481 year: 1986 end-page: 488 article-title: Selection of information after receiving more or less reliable self‐threatening information publication-title: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin – volume: 59 start-page: 77 year: 1959 end-page: 82 article-title: Attractiveness of group as a function of self‐esteem and acceptance by group publication-title: Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology – volume: 46 start-page: 1287 year: 1984 end-page: 1302 article-title: A battle of wills: Self‐verification versus behavioral confirmation publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology – volume: 22 start-page: 98 year: 1972 end-page: 107 article-title: Avoidance of continued success as a function of self‐esteem, level of esteem certainty, and responsibility for success publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology – volume: 31 start-page: 395 year: 1968 end-page: 403 article-title: Certainty of self‐appraisal and reactions to evaluations from others publication-title: Sociometry – volume: 101 start-page: 314 year: 1992 end-page: 317 article-title: Depression and the search for negative evaluations: More evidence of the role of self‐verification strivings publication-title: Journal of Abnormal Psychology – volume: 61 start-page: 670 year: 1991b end-page: 681 article-title: On the benefits of misery: Self‐serving biases in the depressive self‐concept publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology – volume: 2 start-page: 408 year: 1990 end-page: 448 – year: 1965 – year: 1967 – volume: 39 start-page: 28 year: 1976 end-page: 40 article-title: Toward an interactional description of depression publication-title: Psychiatry – volume: 40 start-page: 521 year: 1981 end-page: 531 article-title: Effects of self‐esteem and performance feedback on future affective preferences and cognitive expectations publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology – volume: 2 start-page: 119 year: 1978 end-page: 152 – year: 1972 – volume: 60 start-page: 518 year: 1991a end-page: 530 article-title: On confidence and consequence: The certainty and importance of self‐knowledge publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology – volume: 42 start-page: 43 year: 1995 end-page: 62 article-title: Der Integrative Selbstschemaansatz: Die Suche und Verarbeitung selbstkonzeptrelevanter Informationen in Abhängigkeit vom Elaborationsgrad der involvierten Selbstschemata publication-title: Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie – volume: 87 start-page: 49 year: 1978 end-page: 74 article-title: Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformation publication-title: Journal of Abnormal Psychology – year: 1945 – volume: 54 start-page: 268 year: 1988 end-page: 273 article-title: Change through paradox: Using self‐verification to alter beliefs publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology – year: 1991 – volume: 41 start-page: 1119 year: 1981b end-page: 1128 article-title: Acquiring self‐knowledge: The search for feedback that fits publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology – year: 1976 – volume: 43 start-page: 94 year: 1975 end-page: 108 article-title: Self‐evaluation and reactions to evaluations from others publication-title: Journal of Personality – volume: 52 start-page: 881 year: 1987 end-page: 889 article-title: The cognitive‐affective crossfire: When self‐consistency confronts self‐enhancement publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology – volume: 24 start-page: 366 year: 1972 end-page: 371 article-title: Effect of feedback parameters on congruency versus positivity effects in reactions to personal evaluations publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology – volume: 21 start-page: 1330 year: 1995 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB26 publication-title: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin doi: 10.1177/01461672952112010 – start-page: 128 volume-title: Integrations of clinical and social psychology year: 1982 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB30 – volume: 61 start-page: 670 year: 1991b ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB23 publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.61.4.670 – volume: 35 start-page: 63 year: 1977 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB20 publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.35.2.63 – volume: 1 start-page: 184 year: 1965 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB45 publication-title: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology doi: 10.1016/0022-1031(65)90045-4 – volume: 29 start-page: 209 volume-title: Advances in experimental social psychology year: 1997 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB27 – volume: 87 start-page: 49 year: 1978 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB1 publication-title: Journal of Abnormal Psychology doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.87.1.49 – volume: 82 start-page: 581 year: 1975 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB29 publication-title: Psychological Bulletin doi: 10.1037/h0076791 – volume: 17 start-page: 351 year: 1981a ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB40 publication-title: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology doi: 10.1016/0022-1031(81)90043-3 – volume-title: Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders year: 1976 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB4 – start-page: 79 volume-title: Theorien der Sozialpsychologie year: 1985 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB33 – volume: 60 start-page: 518 year: 1991a ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB22 publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.60.4.518 – volume: 42 start-page: 43 year: 1995 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB24 publication-title: Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie – volume: 29 start-page: 489 year: 1999 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB35 publication-title: European Journal of Social Psychology doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199906)29:4<489::AID-EJSP940>3.0.CO;2-8 – volume-title: On depression, development, and death year: 1975 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB28 – volume-title: Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects year: 1967 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB3 – volume-title: A theory of objective self-awareness year: 1972 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB9 – volume: 39 start-page: 28 year: 1976 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB5 publication-title: Psychiatry doi: 10.1080/00332747.1976.11023874 – volume: 2 start-page: 408 volume-title: Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior year: 1990 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB36 – volume-title: Social cognition year: 1991 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB10 – volume: 59 start-page: 77 year: 1959 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB7 publication-title: Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology doi: 10.1037/h0041812 – volume-title: Self-consistency: A theory of personality year: 1945 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB18 – volume: 101 start-page: 314 year: 1992 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB43 publication-title: Journal of Abnormal Psychology doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.101.2.314 – volume-title: The psychology of interpersonal relations year: 1958 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB13 doi: 10.1037/10628-000 – volume: 46 start-page: 1287 year: 1984 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB37 publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.46.6.1287 – volume: 54 start-page: 268 year: 1988 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB39 publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.2.268 – volume: 22 start-page: 98 year: 1972 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB19 publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology doi: 10.1037/h0032399 – volume: 52 start-page: 881 year: 1987 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB38 publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.52.5.881 – volume: 2 start-page: 119 volume-title: New directions in attribution research year: 1978 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB14 – volume: 17 start-page: 84 year: 1971 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB15 publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology doi: 10.1037/h0030473 – volume: 31 start-page: 395 year: 1968 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB16 publication-title: Sociometry doi: 10.2307/2786402 – volume: 31 start-page: 322 year: 1995 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB17 publication-title: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology doi: 10.1006/jesp.1995.1015 – volume: 24 start-page: 366 year: 1972 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB8 publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology doi: 10.1037/h0033720 – volume-title: The adjective check list manual year: 1965 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB12 – volume: 20 start-page: 818 year: 1990 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB44 publication-title: Journal of Applied Social Psychology doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb00381.x – volume: 101 start-page: 293 year: 1992 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB42 publication-title: Journal of Abnormal Psychology doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.101.2.293 – volume: 32 start-page: 880 year: 1975 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB25 publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.32.5.880 – volume: 9 start-page: 481 year: 1986 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB11 publication-title: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin doi: 10.1177/0146167283093018 – volume: 18 start-page: 62 year: 1971 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB32 publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology doi: 10.1037/h0030709 – volume: 43 start-page: 94 year: 1975 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB31 publication-title: Journal of Personality doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1975.tb00574.x – volume: 96 start-page: 576 year: 1989 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB2 publication-title: Psychological Review doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.96.4.576 – volume: 22 start-page: 92 year: 1959 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB6 publication-title: Sociometry doi: 10.2307/2786014 – volume: 40 start-page: 521 year: 1981 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB21 publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.40.3.521 – volume: 41 start-page: 1119 year: 1981b ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB41 publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.41.6.1119 – volume: 27 start-page: 126 year: 1996 ident: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199908/09)29:5/6<725::AID-EJSP970>3.0.CO;2-G-BIB34 publication-title: Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie |
| SSID | ssj0009663 |
| Score | 1.5850624 |
| Snippet | Previous research examined the predictions of the self‐enhancement theory and the self‐consistency theory regarding reactions to self‐relevant feedback. In the... Examines 2 theoretical positions: that individuals are motivated to enhance their self-esteem; and that individuals' self-evaluations are affected by a... |
| SourceID | proquest pascalfrancis crossref wiley istex |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 725 |
| SubjectTerms | Biological and medical sciences Cognition Criticism Factors Feedback Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Human behaviour Personality. Affectivity Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Responses Self Self representation Self-concept Selfconcept Selfconsistency Selfenhancement Social interaction Social psychology Work standards |
| Title | Self-discrepancy and elaboration of self-conceptions as factors influencing reactions to feedback |
| URI | https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-N6BSDV48-D/fulltext.pdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291099-0992%28199908%2F09%2929%3A5%2F6%3C725%3A%3AAID-EJSP970%3E3.0.CO%3B2-G https://www.proquest.com/docview/1877055391 https://www.proquest.com/docview/38767852 https://www.proquest.com/docview/57464595 |
| Volume | 29 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVEBS databaseName: EBSCOhost Academic Search Ultimate customDbUrl: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?authtype=ip,shib&custid=s3936755&profile=ehost&defaultdb=asn eissn: 1099-0992 dateEnd: 20241001 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0009663 issn: 0046-2772 databaseCode: ABDBF dateStart: 19710301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?db=asn providerName: EBSCOhost – providerCode: PRVWIB databaseName: Wiley Online Library - Core collection (SURFmarket) issn: 0046-2772 databaseCode: DR2 dateStart: 19960101 customDbUrl: isFulltext: true eissn: 1099-0992 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0009663 providerName: Wiley-Blackwell |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwxV1Pb9MwFLemIaFd-DNAdGzgA522Q9rEjuO4IKSt7bpNokOUjt4sx3EkVNSippUYJ06c-RZ8Lz4Jz3GarvyRuCCkRmpjK3b8np9_7nvvZ4Segs0LA-5zj4cm80IdCE_5CfV0GhujlEiCgonpZT86HYbnIzbaQF-WuTCOH6L6w83OjMJe2wmukry5Ig0FADY4a5_Bhtk6dzy4iKU2AsDj4toFlBABcrbkCVGdtjlh8As-R2cdr3s-eCW4X6dd2vAb7Ys6PSZeD0x5QFnh7X29YqGCHUHpqI48Amj0JuqU3Wge2C4cVh04cM03fXFIRIs1o-fQaKt1rcEXrrln0NjaSnjDCvWjjcxUOQgnc6dqrMHe6-C5WP1ObqNvy3FzQS_jxmKeNPSnnygl___A3kG3SoCNj9yMuIs2zGQbbVV2_mob7VRJOngfu_Rk7NhSru4hMzDvs--fv9ps5Rks1bD2YDVJsVnNFjzNcO5qaZf0aacuVjkuDy_C78qTXwAWYADl2lWYT3EGWCFRenwfDU-6b9qnXnkUhacZ5T7sQWgWpYnVXxrasNs0AyAcmFRHNNNaZzTUAG1jrowBwKMjExnCTAh4POBGKPoAbU6mE_MQYUaMApCVxhpMoeaZoIkCJJEGGY01S4IaGi7VQn5wjCPScUsTKa1gbNCAkFYs0gkFvksiJJORBFFICWKQpRgklb5sX0giezW0X-hY9VA1G9uoPs7k235P9qPjQecyjGWnhvbWlHDVizhiYM5raHeplLI0eDmUccvLRAX0_0lVDKbK-p_UxEwXuaSw8vKYkT_XYNw62gWroVGhob8MwN-8_-9ff3lr5989-hHacqQeNjx0F23OZwuzB5B1njwuDMoPZjB0Rw |
| linkProvider | Wiley-Blackwell |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwzV1Nb9MwGLbGJsEufAwQHRvzgU7bIW0Sx3FcENLWdm3H1iG6Qm-W4zgSKmpRPyTGiRtXfga_i1_C6zhNVz4kLkhIrdTUVuz4_Xocv36M0FPweYHHXOawQKdOoDzuSDcmjkoiraXksZcxMZ13w3Y_OB3QwRr6stgLY_khihduxjIyf20M3LyQri5ZQwGB9Tr1DsyYzeqOA1_fcBsB4rGJ7RxKfA6CNuwJYZnUmU_hCj5HnYbTPO294swtkyapuJX6RZkc-07rBtowS33GwhuvlzxUMCfIl6pDxwc8ehM18n5UD0wfDoseHNj2qy4_9HmNVsPn0Gqtdq3FF7a9Z9DaSizcMGL9aHIz5RTEk9pzNVaA73X4nMW_kzvo22LkbNrLsDKfxRX16SdSyf9gaO-i2znGxkfWKO6hNT3aQpuFq7_aQtvFPh28j-0OZWwJU67uI93T79Pvn7-aDcsTiNYQfrAcJVgvDQaPUzy1tZTd92msF8spzs8vwu_yw18AGWDA5cpWmI1xCnAhlmr4APVPmpf1tpOfRuEoSpgL0xCShklsVJgEJvM2SQELezpRIUmVUikJFKDbiEmtAfOoUIfapzoASO4xzSV5iNZH45F-hDD1tQSclUQKvKFiKSexBDCReCmJFI29Euov9EJ8sKQjwtJL-0IYwZi8AS6MWIQVCvwWPhdUhAJEIQSIQeRiEES4on4hfNEqof1MyYqbysnQJPYxKt52W6IbHvcab4JINEpod0ULl72IQgoevYR2Flopcp83hTJmqJkIh_7vFcXgrcwSlBzp8XwqCARfFlH_zzUoMwbIaQkNMhX9ZQD-5vl___iLv7b_3a330K325fmZOOt0Xz5Gm5bjw2SL7qD12WSudwHBzuInmXf5AbZ2eGM |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwxV1bb9MwFLbGJk174TJAdGzMD3TaHtImcRzHBSFtva0Duomu0DfLcRwJFbVTLxLjiSee-Rf8L34Jx3GarlwkXhBSI7WxFZ_4HB9_rs_5jNBT8HmBx1zmsECnTqA87kg3Jo5KIq2l5LGXMTG97oan_eBsQAdr6MsiF8byQxR_uJmRkflrM8CvkrS6JA0FANbr1DuwYDabOw5cvqE2AsBj49o5lPgc9GzIE8IyqTOfwi_4HHcaTvOsd8GZWyZNUnEr9fMyOfGd9i20EYSwUDPg6s2ShgqWBPlOdej4AEc3USOXo3poZDgqJDi07VddfuTzGq2Gz6HVWu1Giy9se8-gtZWpcMNo9aMJzZRT0E5qj9VYwb030XM2_bXuoG-LjrNRL8PKfBZX1KefOCX_f8_eRbdzhI2P7ZC4h9b0aBttFY7-ehvtFFk6-ADb_GRs6VKu7yPd0x_S75-_mnTlCczVMPlgOUqwXg4XPE7x1NZSNuvTjF0spzg_vQi_z49-AVyAAZUrW2E2ximAhViq4QPUbzUv66dOfhaFoyhhLixCSBomsTFgEpi42yQFJOzpRIUkVUqlJFCAbSMmtQbEo0Idap_qAAC5xzSX5CFaH41H-hHC1NcSUFYSKfCFiqWcxBKgROKlJFI09kqovzALcWUpR4Qll_aFMIoxUQNcGLUIqxT4LnwuqAgFqEIIUIPI1SCIcEX9XPiiXUIHmY0VD5WToQnrY1S867ZFNzzpNd4GkWiU0N6KES6liEIK_ryEdhdGKXKPN4UyZoiZCAf594ti8FVmA0qO9Hg-FQSmXhZR_881KDM77ZyW0CCz0F864G_e__evv7i18-8evY82Lxot8arTffkYbVmCDxMquovWZ5O53gP4OoufZL7lB7hgdxI |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Self-discrepancy+and+Elaboration+of+Self-conceptions+as+Factors+Influencing+Reactions+to+Feedback&rft.jtitle=European+journal+of+social+psychology&rft.au=Dauenheimer%2C+D&rft.au=Stahlberg%2C+D&rft.au=Petersen%2C+L.-E.&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.issn=0046-2772&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=725&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291099-0992%28199908%2F09%2929%3A5%2F6%3C725%3A%3AAID-EJSP970%3E3.0.CO%3B2-G&rft.externalDBID=PAO_PIO_ONLY |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0046-2772&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0046-2772&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0046-2772&client=summon |