The ARID1B spectrum in 143 patients: from nonsyndromic intellectual disability to Coffin–Siris syndrome

• Published in: Genetics in medicine Vol. 21; no. 6; pp. 1295 - 1307
• Main Authors: van der Sluijs, Pleuntje J., Jansen, Sandra, Vergano, Samantha A., Adachi-Fukuda, Miho, Alanay, Yasemin, AlKindy, Adila, Baban, Anwar, Bayat, Allan, Beck-Wödl, Stefanie, Berry, Katherine, Bijlsma, Emilia K., Bok, Levinus A., Brouwer, Alwin F. J., van der Burgt, Ineke, Campeau, Philippe M., Canham, Natalie, Chrzanowska, Krystyna, Dahan, Karin, De Rademaeker, Marjan, Destree, Anne, Dudding-Byth, Tracy, Earl, Rachel, Elcioglu, Nursel, Elias, Ellen R., Fagerberg, Christina, Gardham, Alice, Gener, Blanca, Gerkes, Erica H., Grasshoff, Ute, van Haeringen, Arie, Heitink, Karin R., Herkert, Johanna C., den Hollander, Nicolette S., Horn, Denise, Hunt, David, Kant, Sarina G., Kato, Mitsuhiro, Kayserili, Hülya, Kersseboom, Rogier, Kilic, Esra, Krajewska-Walasek, Malgorzata, Lammers, Kylin, Laulund, Lone W., Lederer, Damien, Lees, Melissa, López-González, Vanesa, Maas, Saskia, Mancini, Grazia M. S., Marcelis, Carlo, Martinez, Francisco, Maystadt, Isabelle, McGuire, Marianne, McKee, Shane, Mehta, Sarju, Metcalfe, Kay, Mizuno, Seiji, Moeschler, John B., Netzer, Christian, Ockeloen, Charlotte W., Oehl-Jaschkowitz, Barbara, Okamoto, Nobuhiko, Olminkhof, Sharon N. M., Orellana, Carmen, Pasquier, Laurent, Pottinger, Caroline, Riehmer, Vera, Robertson, Stephen P., Roifman, Maian, Rooryck, Caroline, Ropers, Fabienne G., Rosello, Monica, Ruivenkamp, Claudia A. L., Sagiroglu, Mahmut S., Sallevelt, Suzanne C. E. H., Sanchis Calvo, Amparo, Simsek-Kiper, Pelin O., Soares, Gabriela, Solaeche, Lucia, Sonmez, Fatma Mujgan, Splitt, Miranda, Steenbeek, Duco, Stegmann, Alexander P. A., Stumpel, Constance T. R. M., Tanabe, Saori, Uctepe, Eyyup, Utine, G. Eda, Veenstra-Knol, Hermine E., Venkateswaran, Sunita, Vincent-Delorme, Catherine, Vulto-van Silfhout, Anneke T., Wheeler, Patricia, Wilson, Golder N., Wilson, Louise C., Wollnik, Bernd, Kosho, Tomoki, Wieczorek, Dagmar, Eichler, Evan, Pfundt, Rolph, de Vries, Bert B. A., Santen, Gijs W. E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Nature Publishing Group US 01.06.2019; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Abnormalities, Multiple - genetics; Adolescent; Adult; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone - genetics; DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics; DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism; Exome; Face - abnormalities; Female; Genetic Association Studies - methods; Genetic Variation - genetics; Hand Deformities, Congenital - genetics; Human Genetics; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intellectual disabilities; Intellectual Disability - genetics; Laboratory Medicine; Male; Micrognathism - genetics; Middle Aged; Mutation; Neck - abnormalities; Penetrance; Transcription Factors - genetics; Transcription Factors - metabolism; Coffin–Siris syndrome; ARID1B; intellectual disability; bias
• ISSN: 1098-3600; 1530-0366; 1530-0366
• DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0330-z

Purpose Pathogenic variants in ARID1B are one of the most frequent causes of intellectual disability (ID) as determined by large-scale exome sequencing studies. Most studies published thus far describe clinically diagnosed Coffin–Siris patients (ARID1B-CSS) and it is unclear whether these data are representative for patients identified through sequencing of unbiased ID cohorts (ARID1B-ID). We therefore sought to determine genotypic and phenotypic differences between ARID1B-ID and ARID1B-CSS. In parallel, we investigated the effect of different methods of phenotype reporting. Methods Clinicians entered clinical data in an extensive web-based survey. Results 79 ARID1B-CSS and 64 ARID1B-ID patients were included. CSS-associated dysmorphic features, such as thick eyebrows, long eyelashes, thick alae nasi, long and/or broad philtrum, small nails and small or absent fifth distal phalanx and hypertrichosis, were observed significantly more often ( p  < 0.001) in ARID1B-CSS patients. No other significant differences were identified. Conclusion There are only minor differences between ARID1B-ID and ARID1B-CSS patients. ARID1B-related disorders seem to consist of a spectrum, and patients should be managed similarly. We demonstrated that data collection methods without an explicit option to report the absence of a feature (such as most Human Phenotype Ontology-based methods) tended to underestimate gene-related features.