Evaluation of Software‐Optimized Protocols for Acoustic Noise Reduction During Brain MRI at 7 Tesla
ABSTRACT Background MR‐generated acoustic noise may be particularly concerning at 7‐Tesla (T) systems. Noise levels can be reduced by altering gradient output using software optimization. However, such alterations might influence image quality or prolong scan times, and these optimizations have not...
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| Published in | Journal of magnetic resonance imaging Vol. 62; no. 2; pp. 577 - 587 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Hoboken, USA
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01.08.2025
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1053-1807 1522-2586 1522-2586 |
| DOI | 10.1002/jmri.29749 |
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| Abstract | ABSTRACT
Background
MR‐generated acoustic noise may be particularly concerning at 7‐Tesla (T) systems. Noise levels can be reduced by altering gradient output using software optimization. However, such alterations might influence image quality or prolong scan times, and these optimizations have not been well characterized.
Purpose
To evaluate image quality, sound pressure levels (SPLs), and perceived noise levels when using the acoustic noise reduction technique SofTone for T2‐weighted fast spin echo (T2W FSE) and three‐dimensional T1‐weighted turbo field echo (3D T1W TFE), and to compare with conventional imaging during 7‐T brain MRI.
Study Type
Prospective.
Subjects
Twenty‐eight volunteers underwent brain MRI, with n = 26 for image quality evaluations.
Field Strength/Sequence
Conventional and SofTone versions of T2W FSE and 3D T1W TFE at 7 T.
Assessment
Peak SPLs (A‐weighted decibels, dBA), participant‐perceived noise levels (Borg CR10‐scale), qualitative image assessments by three neuroradiologists (four‐graded ordinal scales), interrater reliability, and percentage agreement.
Statistical Test
Paired t‐test, Wilcoxon's Signed‐Rank Test, and Krippendorff's alpha; p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results
SofTone significantly reduced peak SPLs: from 116.3 to 97.0 dBA on T2W FSE, and from 123.7 to 101.5 dBA on 3D T1W TFE. SofTone was perceived as significantly quieter than conventional scanning. T2W FSE showed no significant differences in image quality assessments (p = 0.21–1.00), except one radiologist noting significantly less artifact interference with SofTone. General image quality remained acceptable for 3D T1W TFE, though one radiologist scored it significantly lower with SofTone (mean scores: 3.08 vs. 3.65), and two radiologists observed significantly worse white and gray matter differentiation with SofTone (mean scores: 3.19 vs. 3.54; 2.27 vs. 2.81).
Data Conclusion
SofTone can significantly reduce sound intensity and perceived noise levels while maintaining acceptable image quality with T2W FSE and 3D T1W TFE in brain MRI. It appears to be an effective tool for providing a safer, quieter 7‐T scan environment.
Evidence Level: 4
Technical Efficacy: Stage 5 |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Background: MR-generated acoustic noise may be particularly concerning at 7-Tesla (T) systems. Noise levels can be reduced by altering gradient output using software optimization. However, such alterations might influence image quality or prolong scan times, and these optimizations have not been well characterized.
Purpose: To evaluate image quality, sound pressure levels (SPLs), and perceived noise levels when using the acoustic noise reduction technique SofTone for T2-weighted fast spin echo (T2W FSE) and three-dimensional T1-weighted turbo field echo (3D T1W TFE), and to compare with conventional imaging during 7-T brain MRI.
Study Type: Prospective.
Subjects: Twenty-eight volunteers underwent brain MRI, with n = 26 for image quality evaluations.
Field Strength/Sequence: Conventional and SofTone versions of T2W FSE and 3D T1W TFE at 7 T.
Assessment: Peak SPLs (A-weighted decibels, dBA), participant-perceived noise levels (Borg CR10-scale), qualitative image assessments by three neuroradiologists (four-graded ordinal scales), interrater reliability, and percentage agreement.
Statistical Test: Paired t-test, Wilcoxon's Signed-Rank Test, and Krippendorff's alpha; p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: SofTone significantly reduced peak SPLs: from 116.3 to 97.0 dBA on T2W FSE, and from 123.7 to 101.5 dBA on 3D T1W TFE. SofTone was perceived as significantly quieter than conventional scanning. T2W FSE showed no significant differences in image quality assessments (p = 0.21–1.00), except one radiologist noting significantly less artifact interference with SofTone. General image quality remained acceptable for 3D T1W TFE, though one radiologist scored it significantly lower with SofTone (mean scores: 3.08 vs. 3.65), and two radiologists observed significantly worse white and gray matter differentiation with SofTone (mean scores: 3.19 vs. 3.54; 2.27 vs. 2.81). Data Conclusion: SofTone can significantly reduce sound intensity and perceived noise levels while maintaining acceptable image quality with T2W FSE and 3D T1W TFE in brain MRI. It appears to be an effective tool for providing a safer, quieter 7-T scan environment. Evidence Level: 4. Technical Efficacy: Stage 5. ABSTRACT Background MR‐generated acoustic noise may be particularly concerning at 7‐Tesla (T) systems. Noise levels can be reduced by altering gradient output using software optimization. However, such alterations might influence image quality or prolong scan times, and these optimizations have not been well characterized. Purpose To evaluate image quality, sound pressure levels (SPLs), and perceived noise levels when using the acoustic noise reduction technique SofTone for T2‐weighted fast spin echo (T2W FSE) and three‐dimensional T1‐weighted turbo field echo (3D T1W TFE), and to compare with conventional imaging during 7‐T brain MRI. Study Type Prospective. Subjects Twenty‐eight volunteers underwent brain MRI, with n = 26 for image quality evaluations. Field Strength/Sequence Conventional and SofTone versions of T2W FSE and 3D T1W TFE at 7 T. Assessment Peak SPLs (A‐weighted decibels, dBA), participant‐perceived noise levels (Borg CR10‐scale), qualitative image assessments by three neuroradiologists (four‐graded ordinal scales), interrater reliability, and percentage agreement. Statistical Test Paired t‐test, Wilcoxon's Signed‐Rank Test, and Krippendorff's alpha; p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results SofTone significantly reduced peak SPLs: from 116.3 to 97.0 dBA on T2W FSE, and from 123.7 to 101.5 dBA on 3D T1W TFE. SofTone was perceived as significantly quieter than conventional scanning. T2W FSE showed no significant differences in image quality assessments (p = 0.21–1.00), except one radiologist noting significantly less artifact interference with SofTone. General image quality remained acceptable for 3D T1W TFE, though one radiologist scored it significantly lower with SofTone (mean scores: 3.08 vs. 3.65), and two radiologists observed significantly worse white and gray matter differentiation with SofTone (mean scores: 3.19 vs. 3.54; 2.27 vs. 2.81). Data Conclusion SofTone can significantly reduce sound intensity and perceived noise levels while maintaining acceptable image quality with T2W FSE and 3D T1W TFE in brain MRI. It appears to be an effective tool for providing a safer, quieter 7‐T scan environment. Evidence Level: 4 Technical Efficacy: Stage 5 Background MR‐generated acoustic noise may be particularly concerning at 7‐Tesla (T) systems. Noise levels can be reduced by altering gradient output using software optimization. However, such alterations might influence image quality or prolong scan times, and these optimizations have not been well characterized. Purpose To evaluate image quality, sound pressure levels (SPLs), and perceived noise levels when using the acoustic noise reduction technique SofTone for T2‐weighted fast spin echo (T2W FSE) and three‐dimensional T1‐weighted turbo field echo (3D T1W TFE), and to compare with conventional imaging during 7‐T brain MRI. Study Type Prospective. Subjects Twenty‐eight volunteers underwent brain MRI, with n = 26 for image quality evaluations. Field Strength/Sequence Conventional and SofTone versions of T2W FSE and 3D T1W TFE at 7 T. Assessment Peak SPLs (A‐weighted decibels, dBA), participant‐perceived noise levels (Borg CR10‐scale), qualitative image assessments by three neuroradiologists (four‐graded ordinal scales), interrater reliability, and percentage agreement. Statistical Test Paired t‐test, Wilcoxon's Signed‐Rank Test, and Krippendorff's alpha; p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results SofTone significantly reduced peak SPLs: from 116.3 to 97.0 dBA on T2W FSE, and from 123.7 to 101.5 dBA on 3D T1W TFE. SofTone was perceived as significantly quieter than conventional scanning. T2W FSE showed no significant differences in image quality assessments (p = 0.21–1.00), except one radiologist noting significantly less artifact interference with SofTone. General image quality remained acceptable for 3D T1W TFE, though one radiologist scored it significantly lower with SofTone (mean scores: 3.08 vs. 3.65), and two radiologists observed significantly worse white and gray matter differentiation with SofTone (mean scores: 3.19 vs. 3.54; 2.27 vs. 2.81). Data Conclusion SofTone can significantly reduce sound intensity and perceived noise levels while maintaining acceptable image quality with T2W FSE and 3D T1W TFE in brain MRI. It appears to be an effective tool for providing a safer, quieter 7‐T scan environment. Evidence Level: 4 Technical Efficacy: Stage 5 Background: MR-generated acoustic noise may be particularly concerning at 7-Tesla (T) systems. Noise levels can be reduced by altering gradient output using software optimization. However, such alterations might influence image quality or prolong scan times, and these optimizations have not been well characterized. Purpose: To evaluate image quality, sound pressure levels (SPLs), and perceived noise levels when using the acoustic noise reduction technique SofTone for T2-weighted fast spin echo (T2W FSE) and three-dimensional T1-weighted turbo field echo (3D T1W TFE), and to compare with conventional imaging during 7-T brain MRI. Study Type: Prospective. Subjects: Twenty-eight volunteers underwent brain MRI, with n = 26 for image quality evaluations. Field Strength/Sequence: Conventional and SofTone versions of T2W FSE and 3D T1W TFE at 7 T. Assessment: Peak SPLs (A-weighted decibels, dBA), participant-perceived noise levels (Borg CR10-scale), qualitative image assessments by three neuroradiologists (four-graded ordinal scales), interrater reliability, and percentage agreement. Statistical Test: Paired t-test, Wilcoxon's Signed-Rank Test, and Krippendorff's alpha; p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: SofTone significantly reduced peak SPLs: from 116.3 to 97.0 dBA on T2W FSE, and from 123.7 to 101.5 dBA on 3D T1W TFE. SofTone was perceived as significantly quieter than conventional scanning. T2W FSE showed no significant differences in image quality assessments (p = 0.21–1.00), except one radiologist noting significantly less artifact interference with SofTone. General image quality remained acceptable for 3D T1W TFE, though one radiologist scored it significantly lower with SofTone (mean scores: 3.08 vs. 3.65), and two radiologists observed significantly worse white and gray matter differentiation with SofTone (mean scores: 3.19 vs. 3.54; 2.27 vs. 2.81). Data Conclusion: SofTone can significantly reduce sound intensity and perceived noise levels while maintaining acceptable image quality with T2W FSE and 3D T1W TFE in brain MRI. It appears to be an effective tool for providing a safer, quieter 7-T scan environment. Evidence Level: 4. Technical Efficacy: Stage 5. MR-generated acoustic noise may be particularly concerning at 7-Tesla (T) systems. Noise levels can be reduced by altering gradient output using software optimization. However, such alterations might influence image quality or prolong scan times, and these optimizations have not been well characterized.BACKGROUNDMR-generated acoustic noise may be particularly concerning at 7-Tesla (T) systems. Noise levels can be reduced by altering gradient output using software optimization. However, such alterations might influence image quality or prolong scan times, and these optimizations have not been well characterized.To evaluate image quality, sound pressure levels (SPLs), and perceived noise levels when using the acoustic noise reduction technique SofTone for T2-weighted fast spin echo (T2W FSE) and three-dimensional T1-weighted turbo field echo (3D T1W TFE), and to compare with conventional imaging during 7-T brain MRI.PURPOSETo evaluate image quality, sound pressure levels (SPLs), and perceived noise levels when using the acoustic noise reduction technique SofTone for T2-weighted fast spin echo (T2W FSE) and three-dimensional T1-weighted turbo field echo (3D T1W TFE), and to compare with conventional imaging during 7-T brain MRI.Prospective.STUDY TYPEProspective.Twenty-eight volunteers underwent brain MRI, with n = 26 for image quality evaluations.SUBJECTSTwenty-eight volunteers underwent brain MRI, with n = 26 for image quality evaluations.Conventional and SofTone versions of T2W FSE and 3D T1W TFE at 7 T.FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCEConventional and SofTone versions of T2W FSE and 3D T1W TFE at 7 T.Peak SPLs (A-weighted decibels, dBA), participant-perceived noise levels (Borg CR10-scale), qualitative image assessments by three neuroradiologists (four-graded ordinal scales), interrater reliability, and percentage agreement.ASSESSMENTPeak SPLs (A-weighted decibels, dBA), participant-perceived noise levels (Borg CR10-scale), qualitative image assessments by three neuroradiologists (four-graded ordinal scales), interrater reliability, and percentage agreement.Paired t-test, Wilcoxon's Signed-Rank Test, and Krippendorff's alpha; p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.STATISTICAL TESTPaired t-test, Wilcoxon's Signed-Rank Test, and Krippendorff's alpha; p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.SofTone significantly reduced peak SPLs: from 116.3 to 97.0 dBA on T2W FSE, and from 123.7 to 101.5 dBA on 3D T1W TFE. SofTone was perceived as significantly quieter than conventional scanning. T2W FSE showed no significant differences in image quality assessments (p = 0.21-1.00), except one radiologist noting significantly less artifact interference with SofTone. General image quality remained acceptable for 3D T1W TFE, though one radiologist scored it significantly lower with SofTone (mean scores: 3.08 vs. 3.65), and two radiologists observed significantly worse white and gray matter differentiation with SofTone (mean scores: 3.19 vs. 3.54; 2.27 vs. 2.81).RESULTSSofTone significantly reduced peak SPLs: from 116.3 to 97.0 dBA on T2W FSE, and from 123.7 to 101.5 dBA on 3D T1W TFE. SofTone was perceived as significantly quieter than conventional scanning. T2W FSE showed no significant differences in image quality assessments (p = 0.21-1.00), except one radiologist noting significantly less artifact interference with SofTone. General image quality remained acceptable for 3D T1W TFE, though one radiologist scored it significantly lower with SofTone (mean scores: 3.08 vs. 3.65), and two radiologists observed significantly worse white and gray matter differentiation with SofTone (mean scores: 3.19 vs. 3.54; 2.27 vs. 2.81).SofTone can significantly reduce sound intensity and perceived noise levels while maintaining acceptable image quality with T2W FSE and 3D T1W TFE in brain MRI. It appears to be an effective tool for providing a safer, quieter 7-T scan environment.DATA CONCLUSIONSofTone can significantly reduce sound intensity and perceived noise levels while maintaining acceptable image quality with T2W FSE and 3D T1W TFE in brain MRI. It appears to be an effective tool for providing a safer, quieter 7-T scan environment.4 Technical Efficacy: Stage 5.EVIDENCE LEVEL4 Technical Efficacy: Stage 5. MR-generated acoustic noise may be particularly concerning at 7-Tesla (T) systems. Noise levels can be reduced by altering gradient output using software optimization. However, such alterations might influence image quality or prolong scan times, and these optimizations have not been well characterized. To evaluate image quality, sound pressure levels (SPLs), and perceived noise levels when using the acoustic noise reduction technique SofTone for T -weighted fast spin echo (T W FSE) and three-dimensional T -weighted turbo field echo (3D T W TFE), and to compare with conventional imaging during 7-T brain MRI. Prospective. Twenty-eight volunteers underwent brain MRI, with n = 26 for image quality evaluations. Conventional and SofTone versions of T W FSE and 3D T W TFE at 7 T. Peak SPLs (A-weighted decibels, dBA), participant-perceived noise levels (Borg CR10-scale), qualitative image assessments by three neuroradiologists (four-graded ordinal scales), interrater reliability, and percentage agreement. Paired t-test, Wilcoxon's Signed-Rank Test, and Krippendorff's alpha; p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. SofTone significantly reduced peak SPLs: from 116.3 to 97.0 dBA on T W FSE, and from 123.7 to 101.5 dBA on 3D T W TFE. SofTone was perceived as significantly quieter than conventional scanning. T W FSE showed no significant differences in image quality assessments (p = 0.21-1.00), except one radiologist noting significantly less artifact interference with SofTone. General image quality remained acceptable for 3D T W TFE, though one radiologist scored it significantly lower with SofTone (mean scores: 3.08 vs. 3.65), and two radiologists observed significantly worse white and gray matter differentiation with SofTone (mean scores: 3.19 vs. 3.54; 2.27 vs. 2.81). SofTone can significantly reduce sound intensity and perceived noise levels while maintaining acceptable image quality with T W FSE and 3D T W TFE in brain MRI. It appears to be an effective tool for providing a safer, quieter 7-T scan environment. 4 Technical Efficacy: Stage 5. |
| Author | Sundgren, Pia C. Mårtensson, Johan Lindgren, Lenita Markenroth Bloch, Karin Glans, Anton Wennberg, Linda Hansson, Boel Wilén, Jonna |
| AuthorAffiliation | 6 Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Logopedics, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Faculty of Medicine Lund University Lund Sweden 1 Department of Nursing Umeå University Umeå Sweden 2 Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Radiation Physics Umeå University Umeå Sweden 3 Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Lund University Lund Sweden 4 Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology Skåne University Hospital Lund Sweden 5 Lund BioImaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine Lund University Lund Sweden |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 5 Lund BioImaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine Lund University Lund Sweden – name: 4 Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology Skåne University Hospital Lund Sweden – name: 1 Department of Nursing Umeå University Umeå Sweden – name: 3 Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Lund University Lund Sweden – name: 2 Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Radiation Physics Umeå University Umeå Sweden – name: 6 Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Logopedics, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Faculty of Medicine Lund University Lund Sweden |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Anton orcidid: 0000-0002-7480-770X surname: Glans fullname: Glans, Anton email: anton.glans@umu.se organization: Umeå University – sequence: 2 givenname: Linda surname: Wennberg fullname: Wennberg, Linda organization: Skåne University Hospital – sequence: 3 givenname: Jonna surname: Wilén fullname: Wilén, Jonna organization: Umeå University – sequence: 4 givenname: Lenita surname: Lindgren fullname: Lindgren, Lenita organization: Umeå University – sequence: 5 givenname: Pia C. surname: Sundgren fullname: Sundgren, Pia C. organization: Lund University – sequence: 6 givenname: Johan surname: Mårtensson fullname: Mårtensson, Johan organization: Lund University – sequence: 7 givenname: Karin surname: Markenroth Bloch fullname: Markenroth Bloch, Karin organization: Lund University – sequence: 8 givenname: Boel orcidid: 0000-0002-6417-6078 surname: Hansson fullname: Hansson, Boel organization: Skåne University Hospital |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40048635$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-236679$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index |
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| Copyright | 2025 The Author(s). published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 2025. This work is published under Creative Commons Attribution License~https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the "License"). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2025 The Author(s). published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. – notice: 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. – notice: 2025. This work is published under Creative Commons Attribution License~https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the "License"). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| CorporateAuthor | Lunds universitets profilområden Section V Diagnostic Radiology, (Lund) Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten Faculty of Engineering, LTH Lunds Tekniska Högskola LU Profile Area: Natural and Artificial Cognition Neuroradiology LTH Profile areas Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund LTH profilområde: Teknik för hälsa Section IV Medicinska fakulteten Sektion IV LU profilområde: Proaktivt åldrande MR Physics Neuroradiologi Logopedics, Phoniatrics and Audiology Institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper, Lund LU Profile Area: Proactive Ageing Lunds universitet Profile areas and other strong research environments LTH profilområden LU profilområde: Naturlig och artificiell kognition Faculty of Science Lund University Sektion V Medical Radiation Physics, Lund Lund University Profile areas Lund University Bioimaging Center Diagnostisk radiologi, Lund LTH Profile Area: Engineering Health Faculty of Medicine Profilområden och andra starka forskningsmiljöer Medicinsk strålningsfysik, Lund Logopedi, foniatri och audiologi |
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| Keywords | ultra‐high field MRI MR safety software optimization hearing protection |
| Language | English |
| License | Attribution 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
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| Notes | Funding This work was supported by Region Skåne, RegSkane‐2022‐1171; Vetenskapsrådet, VR‐RFI 829‐2010‐5928; Swedish governmental funding of clinical research (ALF), F 2022/0108. Anton Glans and Linda Wennberg are co‐first authorship. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Funding: This work was supported by Region Skåne, RegSkane‐2022‐1171; Vetenskapsrådet, VR‐RFI 829‐2010‐5928; Swedish governmental funding of clinical research (ALF), F 2022/0108. |
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Background
MR‐generated acoustic noise may be particularly concerning at 7‐Tesla (T) systems. Noise levels can be reduced by altering gradient output... MR-generated acoustic noise may be particularly concerning at 7-Tesla (T) systems. Noise levels can be reduced by altering gradient output using software... Background MR‐generated acoustic noise may be particularly concerning at 7‐Tesla (T) systems. Noise levels can be reduced by altering gradient output using... Background: MR-generated acoustic noise may be particularly concerning at 7-Tesla (T) systems. Noise levels can be reduced by altering gradient output using... |
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| SubjectTerms | Acceptable noise levels Acoustic noise Acoustics Adult Background noise Brain Brain - diagnostic imaging Clinical Medicine Decibels Effectiveness Engineering and Technology Female Field strength hearing protection Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted - methods Image quality Imaging, Three-Dimensional Klinisk medicin Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Male Medical and Health Sciences Medical Engineering Medical Imaging Medicin och hälsovetenskap Medicinsk bildvetenskap Medicinteknik Middle Aged MR safety Neuroimaging Noise - prevention & control Noise levels Noise reduction Prospective Studies Quality assessment Radiologi och bildbehandling Radiology and Medical Imaging Rank tests Reproducibility of Results Software software optimization Sound intensity Sound pressure Statistical analysis Statistical tests Substantia grisea Teknik ultra-high field MRI Young Adult |
| Title | Evaluation of Software‐Optimized Protocols for Acoustic Noise Reduction During Brain MRI at 7 Tesla |
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