Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Diseases

Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle strength, mass, and function, which is often exacerbated by chronic comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cancer. Sarcopenia is associated with faster progression of cardiovascular diseases and higher risk of mortality, falls, a...

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Published in	Circulation (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 147; no. 20; pp. 1534 - 1553
Main Authors	Damluji, Abdulla A., Alfaraidhy, Maha, AlHajri, Noora, Rohant, Namit N., Kumar, Manish, Al Malouf, Christina, Bahrainy, Samira, Ji Kwak, Min, Batchelor, Wayne B., Forman, Daniel E., Rich, Michael W., Kirkpatrick, James, Krishnaswami, Ashok, Alexander, Karen P., Gerstenblith, Gary, Cawthon, Peggy, deFilippi, Christopher R., Goyal, Parag
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	United States Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 16.05.2023
Subjects	Body Composition Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology Cardiovascular Diseases - therapy Humans Muscle Strength - physiology Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism Quality of Life Sarcopenia - diagnosis Sarcopenia - epidemiology Sarcopenia - therapy State of the Art older adults cardiovascular diseases body mass index sarcopenia
Online Access	Get full text
ISSN	0009-7322 1524-4539 1524-4539
DOI	10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.064071

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Abstract	Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle strength, mass, and function, which is often exacerbated by chronic comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cancer. Sarcopenia is associated with faster progression of cardiovascular diseases and higher risk of mortality, falls, and reduced quality of life, particularly among older adults. Although the pathophysiologic mechanisms are complex, the broad underlying cause of sarcopenia includes an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic muscle homeostasis with or without neuronal degeneration. The intrinsic molecular mechanisms of aging, chronic illness, malnutrition, and immobility are associated with the development of sarcopenia. Screening and testing for sarcopenia may be particularly important among those with chronic disease states. Early recognition of sarcopenia is important because it can provide an opportunity for interventions to reverse or delay the progression of muscle disorder, which may ultimately impact cardiovascular outcomes. Relying on body mass index is not useful for screening because many patients will have sarcopenic obesity, a particularly important phenotype among older cardiac patients. In this review, we aimed to(1) provide a definition of sarcopenia within the context of muscle wasting disorders; (2) summarize the associations between sarcopenia and different cardiovascular diseases; (3) highlight an approach for a diagnostic evaluation; (4) discuss management strategies for sarcopenia; and (5) outline key gaps in knowledge with implications for the future of the field.
AbstractList	Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle strength, mass, and function, which is often exacerbated by chronic comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cancer. Sarcopenia is associated with faster progression of cardiovascular diseases and higher risk of mortality, falls, and reduced quality of life, particularly among older adults. Although the pathophysiologic mechanisms are complex, the broad underlying cause of sarcopenia includes an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic muscle homeostasis with or without neuronal degeneration. The intrinsic molecular mechanisms of aging, chronic illness, malnutrition, and immobility are associated with the development of sarcopenia. Screening and testing for sarcopenia may be particularly important among those with chronic disease states. Early recognition of sarcopenia is important because it can provide an opportunity for interventions to reverse or delay the progression of muscle disorder, which may ultimately impact cardiovascular outcomes. Relying on body mass index is not useful for screening because many patients will have sarcopenic obesity, a particularly important phenotype among older cardiac patients. In this review, we aimed to: (1) provide a definition of sarcopenia within the context of muscle wasting disorders; (2) summarize the associations between sarcopenia and different cardiovascular diseases; (3) highlight an approach for a diagnostic evaluation; (4) discuss management strategies for sarcopenia; and (5) outline key gaps in knowledge with implications for the future of the field.Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle strength, mass, and function, which is often exacerbated by chronic comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cancer. Sarcopenia is associated with faster progression of cardiovascular diseases and higher risk of mortality, falls, and reduced quality of life, particularly among older adults. Although the pathophysiologic mechanisms are complex, the broad underlying cause of sarcopenia includes an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic muscle homeostasis with or without neuronal degeneration. The intrinsic molecular mechanisms of aging, chronic illness, malnutrition, and immobility are associated with the development of sarcopenia. Screening and testing for sarcopenia may be particularly important among those with chronic disease states. Early recognition of sarcopenia is important because it can provide an opportunity for interventions to reverse or delay the progression of muscle disorder, which may ultimately impact cardiovascular outcomes. Relying on body mass index is not useful for screening because many patients will have sarcopenic obesity, a particularly important phenotype among older cardiac patients. In this review, we aimed to: (1) provide a definition of sarcopenia within the context of muscle wasting disorders; (2) summarize the associations between sarcopenia and different cardiovascular diseases; (3) highlight an approach for a diagnostic evaluation; (4) discuss management strategies for sarcopenia; and (5) outline key gaps in knowledge with implications for the future of the field. Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle strength, mass, and function, which is often exacerbated by chronic comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cancer. Sarcopenia is associated with faster progression of cardiovascular diseases and higher risk of mortality, falls, and reduced quality of life, particularly among older adults. Although the pathophysiologic mechanisms are complex, the broad underlying cause of sarcopenia includes an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic muscle homeostasis with or without neuronal degeneration. The intrinsic molecular mechanisms of aging, chronic illness, malnutrition, and immobility are associated with the development of sarcopenia. Screening and testing for sarcopenia may be particularly important among those with chronic disease states. Early recognition of sarcopenia is important because it can provide an opportunity for interventions to reverse or delay the progression of muscle disorder, which may ultimately impact cardiovascular outcomes. Relying on body mass index is not useful for screening because many patients will have sarcopenic obesity, a particularly important phenotype among older cardiac patients. In this review, we aimed to: (1) provide a definition of sarcopenia within the context of muscle wasting disorders; (2) summarize the associations between sarcopenia and different cardiovascular diseases; (3) highlight an approach for a diagnostic evaluation; (4) discuss management strategies for sarcopenia; and (5) outline key gaps in knowledge with implications for the future of the field.
Author	Krishnaswami, Ashok Rich, Michael W. Gerstenblith, Gary Goyal, Parag Damluji, Abdulla A. Alfaraidhy, Maha Kumar, Manish Cawthon, Peggy Forman, Daniel E. AlHajri, Noora Bahrainy, Samira Alexander, Karen P. Batchelor, Wayne B. Al Malouf, Christina Ji Kwak, Min Kirkpatrick, James Rohant, Namit N. deFilippi, Christopher R.
AuthorAffiliation	Kaiser Permanente, San Jose, CA (A.K.) Washington University, St Louis, MO (M.W.R.) Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (C.A.M.) Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (K.P.A.) University of Pittsburgh and the Pittsburgh Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, PA (D.E.F.) University of Arizona, Tucson (N.N.R., P.G.) University of Washington, Seattle (S.B., J.K.) Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (N.A.) University of California San Francisco (P.C.) Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (A.A.D., M.A., G.G.) University of Connecticut, Hartford (M.K.) University of Texas, Houston (M.J.K.) Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (A.A.D., W.B.B., C.R.D.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: University of Texas, Houston (M.J.K.) – name: Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (C.A.M.) – name: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (A.A.D., M.A., G.G.) – name: Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (A.A.D., W.B.B., C.R.D.) – name: Kaiser Permanente, San Jose, CA (A.K.) – name: University of Connecticut, Hartford (M.K.) – name: University of Arizona, Tucson (N.N.R., P.G.) – name: University of California San Francisco (P.C.) – name: University of Pittsburgh and the Pittsburgh Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, PA (D.E.F.) – name: University of Washington, Seattle (S.B., J.K.) – name: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (K.P.A.) – name: Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (N.A.) – name: Washington University, St Louis, MO (M.W.R.)
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Abdulla A. surname: Damluji fullname: Damluji, Abdulla A. organization: Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (A.A.D., W.B.B., C.R.D.) – sequence: 2 givenname: Maha surname: Alfaraidhy fullname: Alfaraidhy, Maha organization: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (A.A.D., M.A., G.G.) – sequence: 3 givenname: Noora surname: AlHajri fullname: AlHajri, Noora organization: Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (N.A.) – sequence: 4 givenname: Namit N. surname: Rohant fullname: Rohant, Namit N. organization: University of Arizona, Tucson (N.N.R., P.G.) – sequence: 5 givenname: Manish surname: Kumar fullname: Kumar, Manish organization: University of Connecticut, Hartford (M.K.) – sequence: 6 givenname: Christina surname: Al Malouf fullname: Al Malouf, Christina organization: Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (C.A.M.) – sequence: 7 givenname: Samira surname: Bahrainy fullname: Bahrainy, Samira organization: University of Washington, Seattle (S.B., J.K.) – sequence: 8 givenname: Min surname: Ji Kwak fullname: Ji Kwak, Min organization: University of Texas, Houston (M.J.K.) – sequence: 9 givenname: Wayne B. surname: Batchelor fullname: Batchelor, Wayne B. organization: Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (A.A.D., W.B.B., C.R.D.) – sequence: 10 givenname: Daniel E. surname: Forman fullname: Forman, Daniel E. organization: University of Pittsburgh and the Pittsburgh Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, PA (D.E.F.) – sequence: 11 givenname: Michael W. surname: Rich fullname: Rich, Michael W. organization: Washington University, St Louis, MO (M.W.R.) – sequence: 12 givenname: James surname: Kirkpatrick fullname: Kirkpatrick, James organization: University of Washington, Seattle (S.B., J.K.) – sequence: 13 givenname: Ashok surname: Krishnaswami fullname: Krishnaswami, Ashok organization: Kaiser Permanente, San Jose, CA (A.K.) – sequence: 14 givenname: Karen P. surname: Alexander fullname: Alexander, Karen P. organization: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (K.P.A.) – sequence: 15 givenname: Gary surname: Gerstenblith fullname: Gerstenblith, Gary organization: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (A.A.D., M.A., G.G.) – sequence: 16 givenname: Peggy surname: Cawthon fullname: Cawthon, Peggy organization: University of California San Francisco (P.C.) – sequence: 17 givenname: Christopher R. surname: deFilippi fullname: deFilippi, Christopher R. organization: Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (A.A.D., W.B.B., C.R.D.) – sequence: 18 givenname: Parag surname: Goyal fullname: Goyal, Parag organization: University of Arizona, Tucson (N.N.R., P.G.)
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37186680$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle strength, mass, and function, which is often exacerbated by chronic comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases, chronic...
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SubjectTerms	Body Composition Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology Cardiovascular Diseases - therapy Humans Muscle Strength - physiology Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism Quality of Life Sarcopenia - diagnosis Sarcopenia - epidemiology Sarcopenia - therapy State of the Art
Title	Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Diseases
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