Penetrating brain injury by drill bit

• Published in: Clinical neurology and neurosurgery Vol. 110; no. 2; pp. 207 - 210
• Main Authors: Gutiérrez-González, Raquel, Boto, Gregorio R., Rivero-Garvía, Mónica, Pérez-Zamarrón, Álvaro, Gómez, Gustavo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 01.02.2008; Elsevier Science; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Aged, 80 and over; Biological and medical sciences; Brain Injuries - diagnosis; Brain Injuries - etiology; Brain Injuries - surgery; Foreign Bodies - diagnosis; Foreign Bodies - etiology; Foreign Bodies - surgery; Head injury; Humans; Male; Medical sciences; Neurology; Neurosurgery; Non-missile; Penetrating brain injury; Self-inflicted; Suicide, Attempted; Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases; Wounds, Penetrating - diagnosis; Wounds, Penetrating - etiology; Wounds, Penetrating - surgery; Penetrating brain injury; Self-inflicted; Head injury; Non-missile; Missile; Nervous system diseases; Pene rating brain injury; Penetrating injury; Surgery; Craniocerebral; Drill; Head trauma; Encephalon
• ISSN: 0303-8467; 1872-6968
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2007.09.014

Non-missile low velocity penetrating brain injuries are unusual among civilian population. They show specific characteristics different from missile wounds. In this paper we describe a rare case of self-inflicted penetrating head trauma by electric drill. We document neuroimaging studies and review the management concerning this pathology. To our knowledge, this is the first case of intracranial retained drill bit with such radiological findings reported in the literature. An 80-year-old male with no previous psychiatric disorder presented at our hospital after suffering an accident while working with an electric drill. Physical examination revealed right lower extremity plegia and three penetrating scalp wounds to the left parasagittal region. Skull X-ray and computed tomography demonstrated an intracranial metallic foreign body located in the left parietal lobe and an intraparenchymal hematoma with no mass effect close to the foreign body. The patient was taken to the operating room to remove the drill bit fragment. Antibiotic and antiseizure prophylaxis were administered. Postoperative computed tomography confirmed no residual metallic fragments and functional recovery was excellent. After psychiatric assessment, suicide attempt was confirmed and antidepressive therapy was then started. On follow-up, no complication was documented. It is essential to exclude penetrating brain trauma whenever a scalp wound is noticed in order to provide proper treatment and prevention care. The permanent neurological deficit in low velocity injuries is related to the degree and location of the primary injury. It also depends on an early diagnosis and treatment and the absence of delayed complications.