Restraint use among nursing home residents: cross-sectional study and prospective cohort study
Aims and objectives. To investigate (1) the prevalence of physical restraints and psychoactive medication, (2) newly administered physical restraints, frequency of application of the devices and frequency of psychoactive medication on demand during 12‐month follow‐up and (3) characteristics associa...
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Published in | Journal of clinical nursing Vol. 18; no. 7; pp. 981 - 990 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.04.2009
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 0962-1067 1365-2702 1365-2702 |
DOI | 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02460.x |
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Abstract | Aims and objectives. To investigate (1) the prevalence of physical restraints and psychoactive medication, (2) newly administered physical restraints, frequency of application of the devices and frequency of psychoactive medication on demand during 12‐month follow‐up and (3) characteristics associated with restraint use in nursing homes.
Background. High quality data on restraint use in German nursing homes are lacking so far. Such information is the basis for interventions to achieve a restraint‐free care.
Design. Cross‐sectional study and prospective cohort study.
Setting and subjects. Thirty nursing homes with 2367 residents in Hamburg, Germany.
Methods. External investigators obtained prevalence of physical restraints by direct observation on three occasions on one day, psychoactive drugs were extracted from residents’ records and prospective data were documented by nurses.
Results. Residents’ mean age was 86 years, 81% were female. Prevalence of residents with at least one physical restraint was 26·2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 21·3–31·1]. Centre prevalence ranged from 4·4 to 58·9%. Bedrails were most often used (in 24·5% of residents), fixed tables, belts and other restraints were rare. Prevalence of residents with at least one psychoactive drug was 52·4% (95% CI 48·7–56·1). The proportion of residents with at least one physical restraint after the first observation week of 26·3% (21·3–31·3) cumulated to 39·5% (33·3–45·7) at the end of follow‐up (10·4 SD 3·3 months). The relative frequency of observation days with at least one device ranged from 4·9–64·8% between centres. No characteristic was found to explain centre differences.
Conclusions. The frequency of physical restraints and psychoactive drugs in German nursing homes is substantial. Pronounced centre variation suggests that standard care is possible without restraints.
Relevance to clinical practice. Effective restraint minimisation approaches are urgently warranted. An evidence‐based guideline may overcome centre differences towards a restraint‐free nursing home care. |
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AbstractList | Cross-sectional research in Germany to investigate the prevalence of physical restraints and psychoactive drugs at 30 elderly care nursing homes. Their frequency of use over 12 months was examined, and factors associated with their use were identified, including the clinical characteristics of restrained residents. [(BNI unique abstract)] 37 references Aims and objectives. To investigate (1) the prevalence of physical restraints and psychoactive medication, (2) newly administered physical restraints, frequency of application of the devices and frequency of psychoactive medication on demand during 12‐month follow‐up and (3) characteristics associated with restraint use in nursing homes. Background. High quality data on restraint use in German nursing homes are lacking so far. Such information is the basis for interventions to achieve a restraint‐free care. Design. Cross‐sectional study and prospective cohort study. Setting and subjects. Thirty nursing homes with 2367 residents in Hamburg, Germany. Methods. External investigators obtained prevalence of physical restraints by direct observation on three occasions on one day, psychoactive drugs were extracted from residents’ records and prospective data were documented by nurses. Results. Residents’ mean age was 86 years, 81% were female. Prevalence of residents with at least one physical restraint was 26·2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 21·3–31·1]. Centre prevalence ranged from 4·4 to 58·9%. Bedrails were most often used (in 24·5% of residents), fixed tables, belts and other restraints were rare. Prevalence of residents with at least one psychoactive drug was 52·4% (95% CI 48·7–56·1). The proportion of residents with at least one physical restraint after the first observation week of 26·3% (21·3–31·3) cumulated to 39·5% (33·3–45·7) at the end of follow‐up (10·4 SD 3·3 months). The relative frequency of observation days with at least one device ranged from 4·9–64·8% between centres. No characteristic was found to explain centre differences. Conclusions. The frequency of physical restraints and psychoactive drugs in German nursing homes is substantial. Pronounced centre variation suggests that standard care is possible without restraints. Relevance to clinical practice. Effective restraint minimisation approaches are urgently warranted. An evidence‐based guideline may overcome centre differences towards a restraint‐free nursing home care. To investigate (1) the prevalence of physical restraints and psychoactive medication, (2) newly administered physical restraints, frequency of application of the devices and frequency of psychoactive medication on demand during 12-month follow-up and (3) characteristics associated with restraint use in nursing homes. High quality data on restraint use in German nursing homes are lacking so far. Such information is the basis for interventions to achieve a restraint-free care. Cross-sectional study and prospective cohort study. Thirty nursing homes with 2367 residents in Hamburg, Germany. External investigators obtained prevalence of physical restraints by direct observation on three occasions on one day, psychoactive drugs were extracted from residents' records and prospective data were documented by nurses. Residents' mean age was 86 years, 81% were female. Prevalence of residents with at least one physical restraint was 26.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 21.3-31.1]. Centre prevalence ranged from 4.4 to 58.9%. Bedrails were most often used (in 24.5% of residents), fixed tables, belts and other restraints were rare. Prevalence of residents with at least one psychoactive drug was 52.4% (95% CI 48.7-56.1). The proportion of residents with at least one physical restraint after the first observation week of 26.3% (21.3-31.3) cumulated to 39.5% (33.3-45.7) at the end of follow-up (10.4 SD 3.3 months). The relative frequency of observation days with at least one device ranged from 4.9-64.8% between centres. No characteristic was found to explain centre differences. The frequency of physical restraints and psychoactive drugs in German nursing homes is substantial. Pronounced centre variation suggests that standard care is possible without restraints. Effective restraint minimisation approaches are urgently warranted. An evidence-based guideline may overcome centre differences towards a restraint-free nursing home care. Aims and objectives. To investigate (1) the prevalence of physical restraints and psychoactive medication, (2) newly administered physical restraints, frequency of application of the devices and frequency of psychoactive medication on demand during 12‐month follow‐up and (3) characteristics associated with restraint use in nursing homes. Background. High quality data on restraint use in German nursing homes are lacking so far. Such information is the basis for interventions to achieve a restraint‐free care. Design. Cross‐sectional study and prospective cohort study. Setting and subjects. Thirty nursing homes with 2367 residents in Hamburg, Germany. Methods. External investigators obtained prevalence of physical restraints by direct observation on three occasions on one day, psychoactive drugs were extracted from residents’ records and prospective data were documented by nurses. Results. Residents’ mean age was 86 years, 81% were female. Prevalence of residents with at least one physical restraint was 26·2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 21·3–31·1]. Centre prevalence ranged from 4·4 to 58·9%. Bedrails were most often used (in 24·5% of residents), fixed tables, belts and other restraints were rare. Prevalence of residents with at least one psychoactive drug was 52·4% (95% CI 48·7–56·1). The proportion of residents with at least one physical restraint after the first observation week of 26·3% (21·3–31·3) cumulated to 39·5% (33·3–45·7) at the end of follow‐up (10·4 SD 3·3 months). The relative frequency of observation days with at least one device ranged from 4·9–64·8% between centres. No characteristic was found to explain centre differences. Conclusions. The frequency of physical restraints and psychoactive drugs in German nursing homes is substantial. Pronounced centre variation suggests that standard care is possible without restraints. Relevance to clinical practice. Effective restraint minimisation approaches are urgently warranted. An evidence‐based guideline may overcome centre differences towards a restraint‐free nursing home care. To investigate (1) the prevalence of physical restraints and psychoactive medication, (2) newly administered physical restraints, frequency of application of the devices and frequency of psychoactive medication on demand during 12-month follow-up and (3) characteristics associated with restraint use in nursing homes. High quality data on restraint use in German nursing homes are lacking so far. Such information is the basis for interventions to achieve a restraint-free care. Cross-sectional study and prospective cohort study. Thirty nursing homes with 2367 residents in Hamburg, Germany. External investigators obtained prevalence of physical restraints by direct observation on three occasions on one day, psychoactive drugs were extracted from residents' records and prospective data were documented by nurses. Residents' mean age was 86 years, 81% were female. Prevalence of residents with at least one physical restraint was 26.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 21.3-31.1]. Centre prevalence ranged from 4.4 to 58.9%. Bedrails were most often used (in 24.5% of residents), fixed tables, belts and other restraints were rare. Prevalence of residents with at least one psychoactive drug was 52.4% (95% CI 48.7-56.1). The proportion of residents with at least one physical restraint after the first observation week of 26.3% (21.3-31.3) cumulated to 39.5% (33.3-45.7) at the end of follow-up (10.4 SD 3.3 months). The relative frequency of observation days with at least one device ranged from 4.9-64.8% between centres. No characteristic was found to explain centre differences. The frequency of physical restraints and psychoactive drugs in German nursing homes is substantial. Pronounced centre variation suggests that standard care is possible without restraints. Effective restraint minimisation approaches are urgently warranted. An evidence-based guideline may overcome centre differences towards a restraint-free nursing home care. To investigate (1) the prevalence of physical restraints and psychoactive medication, (2) newly administered physical restraints, frequency of application of the devices and frequency of psychoactive medication on demand during 12-month follow-up and (3) characteristics associated with restraint use in nursing homes.AIMS AND OBJECTIVESTo investigate (1) the prevalence of physical restraints and psychoactive medication, (2) newly administered physical restraints, frequency of application of the devices and frequency of psychoactive medication on demand during 12-month follow-up and (3) characteristics associated with restraint use in nursing homes.High quality data on restraint use in German nursing homes are lacking so far. Such information is the basis for interventions to achieve a restraint-free care.BACKGROUNDHigh quality data on restraint use in German nursing homes are lacking so far. Such information is the basis for interventions to achieve a restraint-free care.Cross-sectional study and prospective cohort study.DESIGNCross-sectional study and prospective cohort study.Thirty nursing homes with 2367 residents in Hamburg, Germany.SETTING AND SUBJECTSThirty nursing homes with 2367 residents in Hamburg, Germany.External investigators obtained prevalence of physical restraints by direct observation on three occasions on one day, psychoactive drugs were extracted from residents' records and prospective data were documented by nurses.METHODSExternal investigators obtained prevalence of physical restraints by direct observation on three occasions on one day, psychoactive drugs were extracted from residents' records and prospective data were documented by nurses.Residents' mean age was 86 years, 81% were female. Prevalence of residents with at least one physical restraint was 26.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 21.3-31.1]. Centre prevalence ranged from 4.4 to 58.9%. Bedrails were most often used (in 24.5% of residents), fixed tables, belts and other restraints were rare. Prevalence of residents with at least one psychoactive drug was 52.4% (95% CI 48.7-56.1). The proportion of residents with at least one physical restraint after the first observation week of 26.3% (21.3-31.3) cumulated to 39.5% (33.3-45.7) at the end of follow-up (10.4 SD 3.3 months). The relative frequency of observation days with at least one device ranged from 4.9-64.8% between centres. No characteristic was found to explain centre differences.RESULTSResidents' mean age was 86 years, 81% were female. Prevalence of residents with at least one physical restraint was 26.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 21.3-31.1]. Centre prevalence ranged from 4.4 to 58.9%. Bedrails were most often used (in 24.5% of residents), fixed tables, belts and other restraints were rare. Prevalence of residents with at least one psychoactive drug was 52.4% (95% CI 48.7-56.1). The proportion of residents with at least one physical restraint after the first observation week of 26.3% (21.3-31.3) cumulated to 39.5% (33.3-45.7) at the end of follow-up (10.4 SD 3.3 months). The relative frequency of observation days with at least one device ranged from 4.9-64.8% between centres. No characteristic was found to explain centre differences.The frequency of physical restraints and psychoactive drugs in German nursing homes is substantial. Pronounced centre variation suggests that standard care is possible without restraints.CONCLUSIONSThe frequency of physical restraints and psychoactive drugs in German nursing homes is substantial. Pronounced centre variation suggests that standard care is possible without restraints.Effective restraint minimisation approaches are urgently warranted. An evidence-based guideline may overcome centre differences towards a restraint-free nursing home care.RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICEEffective restraint minimisation approaches are urgently warranted. An evidence-based guideline may overcome centre differences towards a restraint-free nursing home care. |
Author | Haastert, Burkhard Köpke, Sascha Meyer, Gabriele Mühlhauser, Ingrid |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Gabriele surname: Meyer fullname: Meyer, Gabriele organization: Authors:Gabriele Meyer, PhD, Professor, Unit of Health Sciences and Education, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Nursing Science, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany; Sascha Köpke, PhD, Unit of Health Sciences and Education, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Burkhard Haastert, PhD, MediStatistica, Lambertusweg 1b, Neuenrade, Germany; Ingrid Mühlhauser, MD, Professor, Unit of Health Sciences and Education, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Sascha surname: Köpke fullname: Köpke, Sascha organization: Authors:Gabriele Meyer, PhD, Professor, Unit of Health Sciences and Education, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Nursing Science, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany; Sascha Köpke, PhD, Unit of Health Sciences and Education, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Burkhard Haastert, PhD, MediStatistica, Lambertusweg 1b, Neuenrade, Germany; Ingrid Mühlhauser, MD, Professor, Unit of Health Sciences and Education, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: Burkhard surname: Haastert fullname: Haastert, Burkhard organization: Authors:Gabriele Meyer, PhD, Professor, Unit of Health Sciences and Education, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Nursing Science, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany; Sascha Köpke, PhD, Unit of Health Sciences and Education, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Burkhard Haastert, PhD, MediStatistica, Lambertusweg 1b, Neuenrade, Germany; Ingrid Mühlhauser, MD, Professor, Unit of Health Sciences and Education, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany – sequence: 4 givenname: Ingrid surname: Mühlhauser fullname: Mühlhauser, Ingrid organization: Authors:Gabriele Meyer, PhD, Professor, Unit of Health Sciences and Education, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Nursing Science, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany; Sascha Köpke, PhD, Unit of Health Sciences and Education, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Burkhard Haastert, PhD, MediStatistica, Lambertusweg 1b, Neuenrade, Germany; Ingrid Mühlhauser, MD, Professor, Unit of Health Sciences and Education, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19284433$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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References | Hamers JPH & Huizing AR (2005) Why do we use physical restraints in the elderly? Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie 38, 19-25. Alanen HM, Finne-Soveri H, Noro A & Leinonen E (2006) Use of antipsychotics among nonagenarian residents in long-term institutional care in Finland. Age and Ageing 35, 508-513. Donner A & Klar N (2000) Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. Arnold, London. Karlsson S, Bucht G, Eriksson S & Sandman PO (1996) Physical restraints in geriatric care in Sweden: prevalence and patient characteristics. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 44, 1348-1354. Lai CKY, Wong TKS, Chow SKY, Kong SKF, Suen LKP, Chan CK, Leung JSC, Kong TK & Wong IYC (2007) Why is it so hard for nurses to take off the restraints? Abstract, The 18th Congress of the International Association of Gerontology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2005.. Gerontology 53, 489. Cohen-Mansfield J (1986) Agitated behaviors in the elderly. II. Preliminary results in the cognitively deteriorated. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 34, 722-727. Sullivan-Marx EM, Strumpf NE, Evans LK, Baumgarten M & Maislin G (1999) Predictors of continued physical restraint use in nursing homes residents following restraint reduction efforts. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 47, 342-348. Capezuti E, Strumpf NE, Evans LK, Grisso JA & Maislin G (1998) The relationship between physical restraint removal and falls and injuries among nursing home residents. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 53, M47-M52. Molter-Bock E, Hasford J & Pfundstein T (2006) Psychopharmakologische Behandlungspraxis in Münchener Altenpflegeheimen [Psychopharmacological drug treatment in Munich nursing homes]. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie 39, 336-343. French DD, Campbell RR, Spehar AM & Accomando J (2007) How well do psychotropic medications match mental health diagnoses? A national view of potential off-label prescribing in VHA nursing homes. Age and Ageing 36, 107-108. Meyer G, Köpke S & Mühlhauser I (2005) Mobilitätsrestriktionen in Alten- und Pflegeheimen: eine multizentrische Beobachtungsstudie [Physical restraints in nursing homes: a multicenter observation study]. Pflege und Gesellschaft 10, 37-39. O'Keeffe ST (2004) Down with bedrails? Lancet 363, 343. Dalichau G, Grüner H & Müller−Alten L (2002) SGB XI - Pflegeversicherung. Kommentar und Rechtssammlung [SGB XI - Statutory care insurance. Comment and collection of statutes]. RS Schulz, Starnberg. Huizing AR, Hamers JPH, Gulpers MJM & Berger MP (2006) Short-term effects of an educational intervention on physical restraint use: a cluster randomized trial. BMC Geriatrics 7, 17. Weyerer S, Schäufele M & Hendlmeier I (2005) Besondere und traditionelle stationäre Betreuung demenzkranker Menschen im Vergleich [A comparison of special and traditional inpatient care of people with dementia]. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie 38, 85-94. Williams RL (2000) A note on robust variance estimation for cluster-correlated data. Biometrics 56, 645-646. Schneider LS, Tariot PN, Dagerman KS, Davis SM, Hsiao JK, Ismail MS, Lebowitz BD, Lyketsos CG, Ryan JM, Stroup TS, Sultzer DL, Weintraub D, Lieberman JA & CATIE-AD Study Group (2006) Effectiveness of atypical antipsychotic drugs in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The New England Journal of Medicine 355, 1525-1538. Bourbonniere M, Strumpf NE, Evans LK & Maislin G (2003) Organizational characteristics and restraint use for hospitalized nursing home residents. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 51, 1079-1084. Flaherty JH (2004) Zero tolerance for physical restraints: difficult but not impossible. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 59, 919-920. Sink KM, Holden KF & Yaffe K (2005) Pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: a review of the evidence. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 293, 596-608. Williams RL (1995) Product limit survival functions with correlated survival times. Lifetime Data Analysis 1, 171-186. Welz-Barth A & Füsgen I (2007) Dementia patients in nursing homes. European Journal of Geriatrics 9(Suppl), 23-28. Castle NG (2002) Nursing homes with persistent deficiency citations for physical restraint use. Medical Care 40, 868-878. Hamers JPH, Gulpers MJM & Strik W (2004) Use of physical restraints with cognitively impaired nursing home residents. Journal of Advanced Nursing 45, 246-251. Rogers WH (1993) Regression standard errors in clustered samples. Stata Technical Bulletin 13, 19-23. Tinetti ME, Liu WL, Marottoli RA & Ginter SF (1991) Mechanical restraint use among residents of skilled nursing facilities. Prevalence, patterns and predictors. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 265, 468-471. Capezuti E, Wagner LM, Brush BL, Boltz M, Renz S & Talerico KA (2007) Consequences of an intervention to reduce restrictive side rail use in nursing homes. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 55, 334-341. Huizing AR, Hamers JPH, De Jonge J, Candel M & Berger MP (2007) Organisational determinants of the use of physical restraints: a multilevel approach. Social Science and Medicine 65, 924-933. Laurin D, Voyer P, Verreault R & Durand PJ (2004) Physical restraint use among nursing home residents: a comparison of two data collection methods. BMC Nursing 3, 5. Kolanowski A, Fick D, Waller JL & Ahern F (2006) Outcomes of antipsychotic drug use in community-dwelling elders with dementia. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 20, 217-225. Kerry SM & Bland JM (2001) Unequal cluster sizes for trials in English and Welsh general practice: implications for sample size calculations. Statistics in Medicine 20, 377-390. Phillips CD, Spry KM, Sloane PD & Hawes C (2000) Use of physical restraints and psychotropic medications in Alzheimer special care units in nursing homes. American Journal of Public Health 90, 92-96. 2004; 363 2005; 293 2006; 35 1986; 34 2006; 39 2004; 45 1999; 47 2006; 7 2004; 3 1974 2005 2000; 90 2004 2002 2007; 53 1995; 1 2003; 51 2007; 55 2007; 36 2001; 20 2006; 355 1993; 13 2006; 20 1991; 265 2000 2000; 56 2002; 40 2004; 59 2007; 9 2005; 10 2005; 38 2007; 65 1998; 53 1996; 44 e_1_2_7_6_1 e_1_2_7_5_1 e_1_2_7_4_1 e_1_2_7_3_1 e_1_2_7_8_1 e_1_2_7_7_1 e_1_2_7_19_1 Welz‐Barth A (e_1_2_7_35_1) 2007; 9 e_1_2_7_18_1 Rogers WH (e_1_2_7_30_1) 1993; 13 e_1_2_7_17_1 e_1_2_7_16_1 e_1_2_7_2_1 e_1_2_7_15_1 e_1_2_7_14_1 e_1_2_7_13_1 e_1_2_7_12_1 e_1_2_7_11_1 e_1_2_7_10_1 e_1_2_7_26_1 e_1_2_7_27_1 e_1_2_7_28_1 e_1_2_7_29_1 McFadden D (e_1_2_7_24_1) 1974 Meyer G (e_1_2_7_25_1) 2005; 10 e_1_2_7_31_1 e_1_2_7_32_1 Tinetti ME (e_1_2_7_34_1) 1991; 265 e_1_2_7_23_1 e_1_2_7_33_1 e_1_2_7_21_1 e_1_2_7_20_1 e_1_2_7_36_1 e_1_2_7_37_1 Lai CKY (e_1_2_7_22_1) 2007; 53 e_1_2_7_38_1 Dalichau G (e_1_2_7_9_1) 2002 19284439 - J Clin Nurs. 2009 Apr;18(7):1078-9 |
References_xml | – reference: Hamers JPH, Gulpers MJM & Strik W (2004) Use of physical restraints with cognitively impaired nursing home residents. Journal of Advanced Nursing 45, 246-251. – reference: Cohen-Mansfield J (1986) Agitated behaviors in the elderly. II. Preliminary results in the cognitively deteriorated. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 34, 722-727. – reference: Tinetti ME, Liu WL, Marottoli RA & Ginter SF (1991) Mechanical restraint use among residents of skilled nursing facilities. Prevalence, patterns and predictors. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 265, 468-471. – reference: Donner A & Klar N (2000) Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. Arnold, London. – reference: Dalichau G, Grüner H & Müller−Alten L (2002) SGB XI - Pflegeversicherung. Kommentar und Rechtssammlung [SGB XI - Statutory care insurance. Comment and collection of statutes]. RS Schulz, Starnberg. – reference: Bourbonniere M, Strumpf NE, Evans LK & Maislin G (2003) Organizational characteristics and restraint use for hospitalized nursing home residents. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 51, 1079-1084. – reference: Huizing AR, Hamers JPH, Gulpers MJM & Berger MP (2006) Short-term effects of an educational intervention on physical restraint use: a cluster randomized trial. BMC Geriatrics 7, 17. – reference: Williams RL (1995) Product limit survival functions with correlated survival times. Lifetime Data Analysis 1, 171-186. – reference: Williams RL (2000) A note on robust variance estimation for cluster-correlated data. Biometrics 56, 645-646. – reference: O'Keeffe ST (2004) Down with bedrails? Lancet 363, 343. – reference: Rogers WH (1993) Regression standard errors in clustered samples. Stata Technical Bulletin 13, 19-23. – reference: Flaherty JH (2004) Zero tolerance for physical restraints: difficult but not impossible. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 59, 919-920. – reference: Sink KM, Holden KF & Yaffe K (2005) Pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: a review of the evidence. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 293, 596-608. – reference: Capezuti E, Strumpf NE, Evans LK, Grisso JA & Maislin G (1998) The relationship between physical restraint removal and falls and injuries among nursing home residents. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 53, M47-M52. – reference: Huizing AR, Hamers JPH, De Jonge J, Candel M & Berger MP (2007) Organisational determinants of the use of physical restraints: a multilevel approach. Social Science and Medicine 65, 924-933. – reference: Kolanowski A, Fick D, Waller JL & Ahern F (2006) Outcomes of antipsychotic drug use in community-dwelling elders with dementia. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 20, 217-225. – reference: Laurin D, Voyer P, Verreault R & Durand PJ (2004) Physical restraint use among nursing home residents: a comparison of two data collection methods. BMC Nursing 3, 5. – reference: Weyerer S, Schäufele M & Hendlmeier I (2005) Besondere und traditionelle stationäre Betreuung demenzkranker Menschen im Vergleich [A comparison of special and traditional inpatient care of people with dementia]. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie 38, 85-94. – reference: Kerry SM & Bland JM (2001) Unequal cluster sizes for trials in English and Welsh general practice: implications for sample size calculations. Statistics in Medicine 20, 377-390. – reference: Sullivan-Marx EM, Strumpf NE, Evans LK, Baumgarten M & Maislin G (1999) Predictors of continued physical restraint use in nursing homes residents following restraint reduction efforts. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 47, 342-348. – reference: Alanen HM, Finne-Soveri H, Noro A & Leinonen E (2006) Use of antipsychotics among nonagenarian residents in long-term institutional care in Finland. Age and Ageing 35, 508-513. – reference: Castle NG (2002) Nursing homes with persistent deficiency citations for physical restraint use. Medical Care 40, 868-878. – reference: Schneider LS, Tariot PN, Dagerman KS, Davis SM, Hsiao JK, Ismail MS, Lebowitz BD, Lyketsos CG, Ryan JM, Stroup TS, Sultzer DL, Weintraub D, Lieberman JA & CATIE-AD Study Group (2006) Effectiveness of atypical antipsychotic drugs in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The New England Journal of Medicine 355, 1525-1538. – reference: Hamers JPH & Huizing AR (2005) Why do we use physical restraints in the elderly? Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie 38, 19-25. – reference: Meyer G, Köpke S & Mühlhauser I (2005) Mobilitätsrestriktionen in Alten- und Pflegeheimen: eine multizentrische Beobachtungsstudie [Physical restraints in nursing homes: a multicenter observation study]. Pflege und Gesellschaft 10, 37-39. – reference: Karlsson S, Bucht G, Eriksson S & Sandman PO (1996) Physical restraints in geriatric care in Sweden: prevalence and patient characteristics. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 44, 1348-1354. – reference: Lai CKY, Wong TKS, Chow SKY, Kong SKF, Suen LKP, Chan CK, Leung JSC, Kong TK & Wong IYC (2007) Why is it so hard for nurses to take off the restraints? Abstract, The 18th Congress of the International Association of Gerontology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2005.. Gerontology 53, 489. – reference: Molter-Bock E, Hasford J & Pfundstein T (2006) Psychopharmakologische Behandlungspraxis in Münchener Altenpflegeheimen [Psychopharmacological drug treatment in Munich nursing homes]. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie 39, 336-343. – reference: Capezuti E, Wagner LM, Brush BL, Boltz M, Renz S & Talerico KA (2007) Consequences of an intervention to reduce restrictive side rail use in nursing homes. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 55, 334-341. – reference: French DD, Campbell RR, Spehar AM & Accomando J (2007) How well do psychotropic medications match mental health diagnoses? A national view of potential off-label prescribing in VHA nursing homes. Age and Ageing 36, 107-108. – reference: Phillips CD, Spry KM, Sloane PD & Hawes C (2000) Use of physical restraints and psychotropic medications in Alzheimer special care units in nursing homes. American Journal of Public Health 90, 92-96. – reference: Welz-Barth A & Füsgen I (2007) Dementia patients in nursing homes. European Journal of Geriatrics 9(Suppl), 23-28. – volume: 56 start-page: 645 year: 2000 end-page: 646 article-title: A note on robust variance estimation for cluster‐correlated data publication-title: Biometrics – volume: 44 start-page: 1348 year: 1996 end-page: 1354 article-title: Physical restraints in geriatric care in Sweden: prevalence and patient characteristics publication-title: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society – year: 2005 – start-page: 104 year: 1974 end-page: 142 – volume: 3 start-page: 5 year: 2004 article-title: Physical restraint use among nursing home residents: a comparison of two data collection methods publication-title: BMC Nursing – volume: 355 start-page: 1525 year: 2006 end-page: 1538 article-title: Effectiveness of atypical antipsychotic drugs in patients with Alzheimer’s disease publication-title: The New England Journal of Medicine – volume: 293 start-page: 596 year: 2005 end-page: 608 article-title: Pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: a review of the evidence publication-title: JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association – year: 2000 – volume: 35 start-page: 508 year: 2006 end-page: 513 article-title: Use of antipsychotics among nonagenarian residents in long‐term institutional care in Finland publication-title: Age and Ageing – volume: 45 start-page: 246 year: 2004 end-page: 251 article-title: Use of physical restraints with cognitively impaired nursing home residents publication-title: Journal of Advanced Nursing – volume: 20 start-page: 377 year: 2001 end-page: 390 article-title: Unequal cluster sizes for trials in English and Welsh general practice: implications for sample size calculations publication-title: Statistics in Medicine – volume: 20 start-page: 217 year: 2006 end-page: 225 article-title: Outcomes of antipsychotic drug use in community‐dwelling elders with dementia publication-title: Archives of Psychiatric Nursing – volume: 53 start-page: 489 year: 2007 article-title: Why is it so hard for nurses to take off the restraints? Abstract, The 18th Congress of the International Association of Gerontology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2005. publication-title: Gerontology – volume: 47 start-page: 342 year: 1999 end-page: 348 article-title: Predictors of continued physical restraint use in nursing homes residents following restraint reduction efforts publication-title: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society – volume: 51 start-page: 1079 year: 2003 end-page: 1084 article-title: Organizational characteristics and restraint use for hospitalized nursing home residents publication-title: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society – volume: 38 start-page: 19 year: 2005 end-page: 25 article-title: Why do we use physical restraints in the elderly? publication-title: Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie – volume: 39 start-page: 336 year: 2006 end-page: 343 article-title: Psychopharmakologische Behandlungspraxis in Münchener Altenpflegeheimen [Psychopharmacological drug treatment in Munich nursing homes] publication-title: Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie – volume: 40 start-page: 868 year: 2002 end-page: 878 article-title: Nursing homes with persistent deficiency citations for physical restraint use publication-title: Medical Care – volume: 1 start-page: 171 year: 1995 end-page: 186 article-title: Product limit survival functions with correlated survival times publication-title: Lifetime Data Analysis – volume: 55 start-page: 334 year: 2007 end-page: 341 article-title: Consequences of an intervention to reduce restrictive side rail use in nursing homes publication-title: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society – volume: 265 start-page: 468 year: 1991 end-page: 471 article-title: Mechanical restraint use among residents of skilled nursing facilities. Prevalence, patterns and predictors publication-title: JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association – volume: 9 start-page: 23 issue: Suppl year: 2007 end-page: 28 article-title: Dementia patients in nursing homes publication-title: European Journal of Geriatrics – year: 2002 – volume: 7 start-page: 17 year: 2006 article-title: Short‐term effects of an educational intervention on physical restraint use: a cluster randomized trial publication-title: BMC Geriatrics – year: 2004 – volume: 38 start-page: 85 year: 2005 end-page: 94 article-title: Besondere und traditionelle stationäre Betreuung demenzkranker Menschen im Vergleich [A comparison of special and traditional inpatient care of people with dementia] publication-title: Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie – volume: 90 start-page: 92 year: 2000 end-page: 96 article-title: Use of physical restraints and psychotropic medications in Alzheimer special care units in nursing homes publication-title: American Journal of Public Health – volume: 53 start-page: M47 year: 1998 end-page: M52 article-title: The relationship between physical restraint removal and falls and injuries among nursing home residents. The Journals of Gerontology publication-title: Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences – volume: 10 start-page: 37 year: 2005 end-page: 39 article-title: Mobilitätsrestriktionen in Alten‐ und Pflegeheimen: eine multizentrische Beobachtungsstudie [Physical restraints in nursing homes: a multicenter observation study] publication-title: Pflege und Gesellschaft – volume: 59 start-page: 919 year: 2004 end-page: 920 article-title: Zero tolerance for physical restraints: difficult but not impossible. The Journals of Gerontology publication-title: Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences – volume: 36 start-page: 107 year: 2007 end-page: 108 article-title: How well do psychotropic medications match mental health diagnoses? A national view of potential off‐label prescribing in VHA nursing homes publication-title: Age and Ageing – volume: 13 start-page: 19 year: 1993 end-page: 23 article-title: Regression standard errors in clustered samples publication-title: Stata Technical Bulletin – volume: 34 start-page: 722 year: 1986 end-page: 727 article-title: Agitated behaviors in the elderly. II. Preliminary results in the cognitively deteriorated publication-title: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society – volume: 65 start-page: 924 year: 2007 end-page: 933 article-title: Organisational determinants of the use of physical restraints: a multilevel approach publication-title: Social Science and Medicine – volume: 363 start-page: 343 year: 2004 article-title: Down with bedrails? publication-title: Lancet – ident: e_1_2_7_13_1 doi: 10.1093/ageing/afl131 – ident: e_1_2_7_15_1 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02885.x – ident: e_1_2_7_38_1 doi: 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2000.00645.x – ident: e_1_2_7_29_1 – ident: e_1_2_7_12_1 doi: 10.1093/gerona/59.9.M919 – volume: 265 start-page: 468 year: 1991 ident: e_1_2_7_34_1 article-title: Mechanical restraint use among residents of skilled nursing facilities. Prevalence, patterns and predictors publication-title: JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association doi: 10.1001/jama.1991.03460040044026 – ident: e_1_2_7_2_1 doi: 10.1093/ageing/afl065 – ident: e_1_2_7_19_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1996.tb01406.x – ident: e_1_2_7_3_1 – ident: e_1_2_7_14_1 doi: 10.1007/s00391-005-0286-x – ident: e_1_2_7_11_1 – ident: e_1_2_7_20_1 doi: 10.1002/1097-0258(20010215)20:3<377::AID-SIM799>3.0.CO;2-N – ident: e_1_2_7_23_1 doi: 10.1186/1472-6955-3-5 – ident: e_1_2_7_8_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1986.tb04303.x – ident: e_1_2_7_10_1 doi: 10.1136/bmj.39343.649097.55 – ident: e_1_2_7_17_1 doi: 10.1186/1471-2318-6-17 – ident: e_1_2_7_6_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01082.x – ident: e_1_2_7_18_1 doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.04.030 – ident: e_1_2_7_28_1 doi: 10.2105/AJPH.90.1.92 – ident: e_1_2_7_32_1 doi: 10.1001/jama.293.5.596 – ident: e_1_2_7_37_1 doi: 10.1007/BF00985768 – ident: e_1_2_7_33_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1999.tb02999.x – volume: 10 start-page: 37 year: 2005 ident: e_1_2_7_25_1 article-title: Mobilitätsrestriktionen in Alten‐ und Pflegeheimen: eine multizentrische Beobachtungsstudie [Physical restraints in nursing homes: a multicenter observation study] publication-title: Pflege und Gesellschaft – ident: e_1_2_7_16_1 – ident: e_1_2_7_5_1 doi: 10.1093/gerona/53A.1.M47 – volume: 9 start-page: 23 year: 2007 ident: e_1_2_7_35_1 article-title: Dementia patients in nursing homes publication-title: European Journal of Geriatrics – start-page: 104 volume-title: Frontiers of Econometrics year: 1974 ident: e_1_2_7_24_1 – ident: e_1_2_7_21_1 doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2006.04.004 – ident: e_1_2_7_27_1 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15473-1 – ident: e_1_2_7_7_1 doi: 10.1097/00005650-200210000-00005 – volume-title: SGB XI – Pflegeversicherung. Kommentar und Rechtssammlung [SGB XI – Statutory care insurance. Comment and collection of statutes] year: 2002 ident: e_1_2_7_9_1 – volume: 13 start-page: 19 year: 1993 ident: e_1_2_7_30_1 article-title: Regression standard errors in clustered samples publication-title: Stata Technical Bulletin – ident: e_1_2_7_31_1 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa061240 – volume: 53 start-page: 489 year: 2007 ident: e_1_2_7_22_1 article-title: Why is it so hard for nurses to take off the restraints? Abstract, The 18th Congress of the International Association of Gerontology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2005. publication-title: Gerontology – ident: e_1_2_7_4_1 doi: 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51355.x – ident: e_1_2_7_26_1 doi: 10.1007/s00391-006-0401-7 – ident: e_1_2_7_36_1 doi: 10.1007/s00391-005-0293-y – reference: 19284439 - J Clin Nurs. 2009 Apr;18(7):1078-9 |
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Snippet | Aims and objectives. To investigate (1) the prevalence of physical restraints and psychoactive medication, (2) newly administered physical restraints,... Aims and objectives. To investigate (1) the prevalence of physical restraints and psychoactive medication, (2) newly administered physical restraints,... To investigate (1) the prevalence of physical restraints and psychoactive medication, (2) newly administered physical restraints, frequency of application of... Cross-sectional research in Germany to investigate the prevalence of physical restraints and psychoactive drugs at 30 elderly care nursing homes. Their... |
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SubjectTerms | Aged, 80 and over Analysis of Variance Cluster Analysis Cognition Disorders - diagnosis Cognition Disorders - epidemiology Cognition Disorders - prevention & control Cross-Sectional Studies Documentation Drug Utilization - statistics & numerical data epidemiology Evidence-based medicine Female Geriatric Assessment Germany - epidemiology Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Logistic Models Male nurses nursing Nursing care Nursing Evaluation Research Nursing homes Nursing Homes - organization & administration Nursing Records Older people Prevalence Psychotropic drugs Psychotropic Drugs - therapeutic use restraint Restraint, Physical - methods Restraint, Physical - utilization Risk Factors Severity of Illness Index Studies |
Title | Restraint use among nursing home residents: cross-sectional study and prospective cohort study |
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