Trade-offs in biodiversity and ecosystem services between edges and interiors in European forests

Forest biodiversity and ecosystem services are hitherto predominantly quantified in forest interiors, well away from edges. However, these edges also represent a substantial proportion of the global forest cover. Here we quantified plant biodiversity and ecosystem service indicators in 225 plots alo...

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Published inNature ecology & evolution Vol. 8; no. 5; pp. 880 - 887
Main Authors Vanneste, Thomas, Depauw, Leen, De Lombaerde, Emiel, Meeussen, Camille, Govaert, Sanne, De Pauw, Karen, Sanczuk, Pieter, Bollmann, Kurt, Brunet, Jörg, Calders, Kim, Cousins, Sara A. O., Diekmann, Martin, Gasperini, Cristina, Graae, Bente J., Hedwall, Per-Ola, Iacopetti, Giovanni, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lindmo, Sigrid, Orczewska, Anna, Ponette, Quentin, Plue, Jan, Selvi, Federico, Spicher, Fabien, Verbeeck, Hans, Zellweger, Florian, Verheyen, Kris, Vangansbeke, Pieter, De Frenne, Pieter
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.05.2024
Nature Publishing Group
Nature
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ISSN2397-334X
2397-334X
DOI10.1038/s41559-024-02335-6

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Abstract Forest biodiversity and ecosystem services are hitherto predominantly quantified in forest interiors, well away from edges. However, these edges also represent a substantial proportion of the global forest cover. Here we quantified plant biodiversity and ecosystem service indicators in 225 plots along forest edge-to-interior transects across Europe. We found strong trade-offs: phylogenetic diversity (evolutionary measure of biodiversity), proportion of forest specialists, decomposition and heatwave buffering increased towards the interior, whereas species richness, nectar production potential, stemwood biomass and tree regeneration decreased. These trade-offs were mainly driven by edge-to-interior structural differences. As fragmentation continues, recognizing the role of forest edges is crucial for integrating biodiversity and ecosystem service considerations into sustainable forest management and policy. In an analysis of forest edge-to-interior transects in Europe, the authors show that different facets of biodiversity and different types of ecosystem service are found in forest interiors versus edges, suggesting that both have a role to play in the provisioning of ecosystem services in landscapes.
AbstractList Forest biodiversity and ecosystem services are hitherto predominantly quantified in forest interiors, well away from edges. However, these edges also represent a substantial proportion of the global forest cover. Here we quantified plant biodiversity and ecosystem service indicators in 225 plots along forest edge-to-interior transects across Europe. We found strong trade-offs: phylogenetic diversity (evolutionary measure of biodiversity), proportion of forest specialists, decomposition and heatwave buffering increased towards the interior, whereas species richness, nectar production potential, stemwood biomass and tree regeneration decreased. These trade-offs were mainly driven by edge-to-interior structural differences. As fragmentation continues, recognizing the role of forest edges is crucial for integrating biodiversity and ecosystem service considerations into sustainable forest management and policy.Forest biodiversity and ecosystem services are hitherto predominantly quantified in forest interiors, well away from edges. However, these edges also represent a substantial proportion of the global forest cover. Here we quantified plant biodiversity and ecosystem service indicators in 225 plots along forest edge-to-interior transects across Europe. We found strong trade-offs: phylogenetic diversity (evolutionary measure of biodiversity), proportion of forest specialists, decomposition and heatwave buffering increased towards the interior, whereas species richness, nectar production potential, stemwood biomass and tree regeneration decreased. These trade-offs were mainly driven by edge-to-interior structural differences. As fragmentation continues, recognizing the role of forest edges is crucial for integrating biodiversity and ecosystem service considerations into sustainable forest management and policy.
Forest biodiversity and ecosystem services are hitherto predominantly quantified in forest interiors, well away from edges. However, these edges also represent a substantial proportion of the global forest cover. Here we quantified plant biodiversity and ecosystem service indicators in 225 plots along forest edge-to-interior transects across Europe. We found strong trade-offs: phylogenetic diversity (evolutionary measure of biodiversity), proportion of forest specialists, decomposition and heatwave buffering increased towards the interior, whereas species richness, nectar production potential, stemwood biomass and tree regeneration decreased. These trade-offs were mainly driven by edge-to-interior structural differences. As fragmentation continues, recognizing the role of forest edges is crucial for integrating biodiversity and ecosystem service considerations into sustainable forest management and policy.
Forest biodiversity and ecosystem services are hitherto predominantly quantified in forest interiors, well away from edges. However, these edges also represent a substantial proportion of the global forest cover. Here we quantified plant biodiversity and ecosystem service indicators in 225 plots along forest edge-to-interior transects across Europe. We found strong trade-offs: phylogenetic diversity (evolutionary measure of biodiversity), proportion of forest specialists, decomposition and heatwave buffering increased towards the interior, whereas species richness, nectar production potential, stemwood biomass and tree regeneration decreased. These trade-offs were mainly driven by edge-to-interior structural differences. As fragmentation continues, recognizing the role of forest edges is crucial for integrating biodiversity and ecosystem service considerations into sustainable forest management and policy.In an analysis of forest edge-to-interior transects in Europe, the authors show that different facets of biodiversity and different types of ecosystem service are found in forest interiors versus edges, suggesting that both have a role to play in the provisioning of ecosystem services in landscapes.
Forest biodiversity and ecosystem services are hitherto predominantly quantified in forest interiors, well away from edges. However, these edges also represent a substantial proportion of the global forest cover. Here we quantified plant biodiversity and ecosystem service indicators in 225 plots along forest edge-to-interior transects across Europe. We found strong trade-offs: phylogenetic diversity (evolutionary measure of biodiversity), proportion of forest specialists, decomposition and heatwave buffering increased towards the interior, whereas species richness, nectar production potential, stemwood biomass and tree regeneration decreased. These trade-offs were mainly driven by edge-to-interior structural differences. As fragmentation continues, recognizing the role of forest edges is crucial for integrating biodiversity and ecosystem service considerations into sustainable forest management and policy. In an analysis of forest edge-to-interior transects in Europe, the authors show that different facets of biodiversity and different types of ecosystem service are found in forest interiors versus edges, suggesting that both have a role to play in the provisioning of ecosystem services in landscapes.
Author Diekmann, Martin
Gasperini, Cristina
Verbeeck, Hans
Bollmann, Kurt
Vangansbeke, Pieter
Brunet, Jörg
Verheyen, Kris
Depauw, Leen
Graae, Bente J.
Ponette, Quentin
Vanneste, Thomas
De Pauw, Karen
Hedwall, Per-Ola
Meeussen, Camille
Lindmo, Sigrid
De Frenne, Pieter
Iacopetti, Giovanni
Orczewska, Anna
Govaert, Sanne
Cousins, Sara A. O.
Zellweger, Florian
De Lombaerde, Emiel
Spicher, Fabien
Calders, Kim
Plue, Jan
Lenoir, Jonathan
Sanczuk, Pieter
Selvi, Federico
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Nature
Publisher_xml – name: Nature Publishing Group UK
– name: Nature Publishing Group
– name: Nature
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IsbellFHigh plant diversity is needed to maintain ecosystem servicesNature20114771992021:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtFOlsL%2FO2183299410.1038/nature10282
ValdésAHigh ecosystem service delivery potential of small woodlands in agricultural landscapesJ. Appl. Ecol.20205741610.1111/1365-2664.13537
PerringMPUnderstanding context dependency in the response of forest understorey plant communities to nitrogen depositionEnviron. Pollut.2018242178717991:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhsV2ksbnN3011552910.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.089
Ehbrecht, M. et al. Global patterns and climatic controls of forest structural complexity. Nat. Commun.12, 519 (2021).
PenoneCSpecialisation and diversity of multiple trophic groups are promoted by different forest featuresEcol. Lett.2019221701803046310410.1111/ele.13182
BrusDJStatistical mapping of tree species over EuropeEur. J. For. Res.201213114515710.1007/s10342-011-0513-5
ZellwegerFSeasonal drivers of understorey temperature buffering in temperate deciduous forests across EuropeGlob. Ecol. Biogeogr.2019281774178631866760690007010.1111/geb.12991
GuadaGCamareroJJSánchez-SalgueroRCerrilloRMNLimited growth recovery after drought-induced forest dieback in very defoliated trees of two pine speciesFront. Plant Sci.2016741827066053481734910.3389/fpls.2016.00418
De FrennePGlobal buffering of temperatures under forest canopiesNat. Ecol. Evol.201937447493093643310.1038/s41559-019-0842-1
Le Bagousse-PinguetYPhylogenetic, functional, and taxonomic richness have both positive and negative effects on ecosystem multifunctionalityProc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA20191168419842430948639648673410.1073/pnas.1815727116
GoughCMAtkinsJWFaheyRTHardimanBSHigh rates of primary production in structurally complex forestsEcology2019100e028643139788510.1002/ecy.2864
RemyEWuytsKBoeckxPGundersenPVerheyenKEdge effects in temperate forests subjected to high nitrogen depositionProc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA2017114E70321:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhtlKmtrvP28811381557683210.1073/pnas.1709099114
HeinkenTThe European Forest Plant Species List (EuForPlant): concept and applicationsJ. Veg. Sci.202233e1313210.1111/jvs.13132
MeeussenCMicroclimatic edge-to-interior gradients of European deciduous forestsAgric. Meteorol.202131110869910.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108699
SladeEMThe importance of species identity and interactions for multifunctionality depends on how ecosystem functions are valuedEcology201798262626392872212110.1002/ecy.1954
HaddadNMHabitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth’s ecosystemsSci. Adv.20151e150005226601154464382810.1126/sciadv.1500052
ThompsonPLGonzalezAEcosystem multifunctionality in metacommunitiesEcology201697286728792785912210.1002/ecy.1502
ZellwegerFForest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warmingScience20203687727751:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXpsVyrtr4%3D3240947610.1126/science.aba6880
HueyRBPredicting organismal vulnerability to climate warming: roles of behaviour, physiology and adaptationPhilos. Trans. R. Soc. B20123671665167910.1098/rstb.2012.0005
MabryCMGerkenMEThompsonJRSeasonal storage of nutrients by perennial herbaceous species in undisturbed and disturbed deciduous hardwood forestsAppl. Veg. Sci.200811374410.1111/j.1654-109X.2008.tb00202.x
CaldersKNondestructive estimates of above‐ground biomass using terrestrial laser scanningMethods Ecol. Evol.2015619820810.1111/2041-210X.12301
MeeussenCStructural variation of forest edges across EuropeFor. Ecol. Manag.202046211792910.1016/j.foreco.2020.117929
ChenXChenHYPlant mixture balances terrestrial ecosystem C:N:P stoichiometryNat. Commun.2021121:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhslylu7zI34315908831644810.1038/s41467-021-24889-w
ZanneAEThree keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environmentsNature201450689921:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhsl2msb8%3D2436256410.1038/nature12872
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FickSEHijmansRJWorldClim 2: new 1‐km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areasInt. J. Climatol.2017374302431510.1002/joc.5086
GovaertSEdge influence on understorey plant communities depends on forest managementJ. Veg. Sci.20203128129210.1111/jvs.12844
De PauwKTaxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity of understorey plants respond differently to environmental conditions in European forest edgesJ. Ecol.20211092629264810.1111/1365-2745.13671
LanduytDThe functional role of temperate forest understorey vegetation in a changing worldGlob. Change Biol.2019253625364110.1111/gcb.14756
ThrippletonTBugmannHFoliniMSnellRSOverstorey–understorey interactions intensify after drought-induced forest die-off: long-term effects for forest structure and compositionEcosystems20182172373910.1007/s10021-017-0181-5
GrossiordCTree diversity does not always improve resistance of forest ecosystems to droughtProc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA201411114812148151:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhs1ChtrbN25267642420567210.1073/pnas.1411970111
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XuSSardansJZhangJPeñuelasJVariations in foliar carbon: nitrogen and nitrogen: phosphorus ratios under global change: a meta-analysis of experimental field studiesSci. Rep.2020101:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVKlsrfP32699217737619110.1038/s41598-020-68487-0
BürknerP-Cbrms: an R package for Bayesian multilevel models using StanJ. Stat. Softw.20178012810.18637/jss.v080.i01
Karger, D. N., Nobis, M. P., Normand, S., Graham, C. H., & Zimmermann, N. E. CHELSA-TraCE21k v1. 0. Downscaled transient temperature and precipitation data since the Last Glacial Maximum. Clim. Past.19, 439–456 (2023).
RiittersKWickhamJCostanzaJKVogtPA global evaluation of forest interior area dynamics using tree cover data from 2000 to 2012Landsc. Ecol.20163113714810.1007/s10980-015-0270-9
PfeiferMCreation of forest edges has a global impact on forest vertebratesNature20175511871911:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhslehurzP29088701568186410.1038/nature24457
MeeussenCDrivers of carbon stocks in forest edges across EuropeSci. Total Environ.20217591434971:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXisVeqtL3K3324673310.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143497
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DzwonkoZGawrońskiSEffect of litter removal on species richness and acidification of a mixed oak-pine woodlandBiol. Conserv.200210638939810.1016/S0006-3207(01)00266-X
Shapiro, A. C., Aguilar-Amuchastegui, N., Hostert, P. & Bastin, J. F. Using fragmentation to assess degradation of forest edges in Democratic Republic of Congo. Carbon Balance Manag.11, 11 (2016).
WuytsKComparison of forest edge effects on throughfall deposition in different forest typesEnviron. Pollut.20081568548611:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVSgtbzJ1878386110.1016/j.envpol.2008.05.018
LalibertéELegendrePA distance‐based framework for measuring functional diversity from multiple traitsEcology2010912993052038021910.1890/08-2244.1
TylerTHerbertssonLOlofssonJOlssonPAEcological indicator and traits values for Swedish vascular plantsEcol. Indic.20211201069231:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhvVCjtrjF10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106923
De LombaerdeEUnderstorey removal effects on tree regeneration in temperate forests: a meta‐analysisJ. Appl. Ecol.20215892010.1111/1365-2664.13792
BürknerP-CBayesian item response modeling in R with brms and StanJ. Stat. Softw.202110015410.18637/jss.v100.i05
Gabry, J. & Mahr, T. bayesplot: plotting Bayesian models. R package version 1.8.1. bayesplothttps://mc-stan.org/bayesplot/ (2021).
Sousa‐SilvaRTree diversity mitigates defoliation after a drought‐induced tipping pointGlob. Change Biol.2018244304431510.1111/gcb.14326
HansenMCHigh-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover changeScience20133428508531:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhslCrsrbO2423372210.1126/science.1244693
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MP Perring (2335_CR17) 2018; 242
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CM Mabry (2335_CR41) 2008; 11
E De Lombaerde (2335_CR16) 2021; 58
K Calders (2335_CR21) 2015; 6
F Zellweger (2335_CR18) 2020; 368
RA Chastain Jr (2335_CR15) 2006; 231
MC Hansen (2335_CR47) 2013; 342
E Laliberté (2335_CR33) 2010; 91
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C Meeussen (2335_CR29) 2020; 462
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P-C Bürkner (2335_CR57) 2017; 80
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K De Pauw (2335_CR30) 2021; 109
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M Schmidt (2335_CR5) 2017; 232
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C Meeussen (2335_CR4) 2021; 311
M Pfeifer (2335_CR7) 2017; 551
JC Jenkins (2335_CR42) 2003; 49
K Wuyts (2335_CR54) 2008; 156
DJ Brus (2335_CR27) 2012; 131
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C Grossiord (2335_CR51) 2014; 111
SE Fick (2335_CR45) 2017; 37
EM Slade (2335_CR63) 2017; 98
D Landuyt (2335_CR13) 2019; 25
References_xml – reference: van der Plas, F. et al. Jack-of-all-trades effects drive biodiversity–ecosystem multifunctionality relationships in European forests. Nat. Commun.7, 11109 (2016).
– reference: Estreguil, C., Caudullo, G., de Rigo, D. & San-Miguel-Ayanz, J. Forest Landscape in Europe: Pattern, Fragmentation and Connectivity EUR 25717 (Publications Office of the European Union, 2012).
– reference: Ehbrecht, M. et al. Global patterns and climatic controls of forest structural complexity. Nat. Commun.12, 519 (2021).
– reference: TaubertFGlobal patterns of tropical forest fragmentationNature20185545195221:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXisl2ls70%3D2944396610.1038/nature25508
– reference: De LombaerdeEUnderstorey removal effects on tree regeneration in temperate forests: a meta‐analysisJ. Appl. Ecol.20215892010.1111/1365-2664.13792
– reference: Muller, R. N. in The Herbaceous Layer in Forests of Eastern North America (ed. Gilliam, F.) Ch. 2 (Oxford University Press, 2014).
– reference: MeeussenCStructural variation of forest edges across EuropeFor. Ecol. Manag.202046211792910.1016/j.foreco.2020.117929
– reference: Le Bagousse-PinguetYPhylogenetic, functional, and taxonomic richness have both positive and negative effects on ecosystem multifunctionalityProc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA20191168419842430948639648673410.1073/pnas.1815727116
– reference: DzwonkoZGawrońskiSEffect of litter removal on species richness and acidification of a mixed oak-pine woodlandBiol. Conserv.200210638939810.1016/S0006-3207(01)00266-X
– reference: Vanneste, T. Trade-offs in biodiversity and ecosystem services between edges and interiors in European forests. figsharehttps://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.24559891.v3 (2023).
– reference: ThrippletonTBugmannHFoliniMSnellRSOverstorey–understorey interactions intensify after drought-induced forest die-off: long-term effects for forest structure and compositionEcosystems20182172373910.1007/s10021-017-0181-5
– reference: IsbellFHigh plant diversity is needed to maintain ecosystem servicesNature20114771992021:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtFOlsL%2FO2183299410.1038/nature10282
– reference: HansenMCHigh-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover changeScience20133428508531:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhslCrsrbO2423372210.1126/science.1244693
– reference: FickSEHijmansRJWorldClim 2: new 1‐km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areasInt. J. Climatol.2017374302431510.1002/joc.5086
– reference: HertzogLRForest fragmentation modulates effects of tree species richness and composition on ecosystem multifunctionalityEcology2019100e026533087058810.1002/ecy.2653
– reference: RemyEWuytsKBoeckxPGundersenPVerheyenKEdge effects in temperate forests subjected to high nitrogen depositionProc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA2017114E70321:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhtlKmtrvP28811381557683210.1073/pnas.1709099114
– reference: GrossiordCTree diversity does not always improve resistance of forest ecosystems to droughtProc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA201411114812148151:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhs1ChtrbN25267642420567210.1073/pnas.1411970111
– reference: ZanneAEThree keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environmentsNature201450689921:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhsl2msb8%3D2436256410.1038/nature12872
– reference: LalibertéELegendrePA distance‐based framework for measuring functional diversity from multiple traitsEcology2010912993052038021910.1890/08-2244.1
– reference: XuSSardansJZhangJPeñuelasJVariations in foliar carbon: nitrogen and nitrogen: phosphorus ratios under global change: a meta-analysis of experimental field studiesSci. Rep.2020101:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVKlsrfP32699217737619110.1038/s41598-020-68487-0
– reference: GovaertSEdge influence on understorey plant communities depends on forest managementJ. Veg. Sci.20203128129210.1111/jvs.12844
– reference: Zuur, A. F., Ieno, E. N., Walker, N. J., Saveliev, A. A. & Smith, G. M. Mixed Effects Models and Extensions in Ecology with R Vol. 574 (Springer, 2009).
– reference: Gabry, J. & Mahr, T. bayesplot: plotting Bayesian models. R package version 1.8.1. bayesplothttps://mc-stan.org/bayesplot/ (2021).
– reference: BrusDJStatistical mapping of tree species over EuropeEur. J. For. Res.201213114515710.1007/s10342-011-0513-5
– reference: De PauwKTaxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity of understorey plants respond differently to environmental conditions in European forest edgesJ. Ecol.20211092629264810.1111/1365-2745.13671
– reference: WuytsKComparison of forest edge effects on throughfall deposition in different forest typesEnviron. Pollut.20081568548611:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVSgtbzJ1878386110.1016/j.envpol.2008.05.018
– reference: ThompsonPLGonzalezAEcosystem multifunctionality in metacommunitiesEcology201697286728792785912210.1002/ecy.1502
– reference: Shapiro, A. C., Aguilar-Amuchastegui, N., Hostert, P. & Bastin, J. F. Using fragmentation to assess degradation of forest edges in Democratic Republic of Congo. Carbon Balance Manag.11, 11 (2016).
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– reference: GoughCMAtkinsJWFaheyRTHardimanBSHigh rates of primary production in structurally complex forestsEcology2019100e028643139788510.1002/ecy.2864
– reference: MeeussenCDrivers of carbon stocks in forest edges across EuropeSci. Total Environ.20217591434971:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXisVeqtL3K3324673310.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143497
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– reference: BürknerP-CBayesian item response modeling in R with brms and StanJ. Stat. Softw.202110015410.18637/jss.v100.i05
– reference: PerringMPUnderstanding context dependency in the response of forest understorey plant communities to nitrogen depositionEnviron. Pollut.2018242178717991:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhsV2ksbnN3011552910.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.089
– reference: BürknerP-Cbrms: an R package for Bayesian multilevel models using StanJ. Stat. Softw.20178012810.18637/jss.v080.i01
– reference: FAO. in FAO Global Forest Resource Assessment 2015 105 pp. (FAO, 2015).
– reference: HaddadNMHabitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth’s ecosystemsSci. Adv.20151e150005226601154464382810.1126/sciadv.1500052
– reference: GuadaGCamareroJJSánchez-SalgueroRCerrilloRMNLimited growth recovery after drought-induced forest dieback in very defoliated trees of two pine speciesFront. Plant Sci.2016741827066053481734910.3389/fpls.2016.00418
– reference: MeeussenCMicroclimatic edge-to-interior gradients of European deciduous forestsAgric. Meteorol.202131110869910.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108699
– reference: MabryCMGerkenMEThompsonJRSeasonal storage of nutrients by perennial herbaceous species in undisturbed and disturbed deciduous hardwood forestsAppl. Veg. Sci.200811374410.1111/j.1654-109X.2008.tb00202.x
– reference: HueyRBPredicting organismal vulnerability to climate warming: roles of behaviour, physiology and adaptationPhilos. Trans. R. Soc. B20123671665167910.1098/rstb.2012.0005
– reference: JenkinsJCChojnackyDCHeathLSBirdseyRANational-scale biomass estimators for United States tree speciesFor. Sci.2003491235
– reference: R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. R Projecthttps://www.R-project.org/ (2021).
– reference: GelmanARubinDBInference from iterative simulation using multiple sequencesStat. Sci.1992745747210.1214/ss/1177011136
– reference: Karger, D. N., Nobis, M. P., Normand, S., Graham, C. H., & Zimmermann, N. E. CHELSA-TraCE21k v1. 0. Downscaled transient temperature and precipitation data since the Last Glacial Maximum. Clim. Past.19, 439–456 (2023).
– reference: HeinkenTThe European Forest Plant Species List (EuForPlant): concept and applicationsJ. Veg. Sci.202233e1313210.1111/jvs.13132
– reference: PfeiferMCreation of forest edges has a global impact on forest vertebratesNature20175511871911:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhslehurzP29088701568186410.1038/nature24457
– reference: Fox, J. & Weisberg, S. An R Companion to Applied Regression 3rd edn (Sage Publications, 2019).
– reference: Sousa‐SilvaRTree diversity mitigates defoliation after a drought‐induced tipping pointGlob. Change Biol.2018244304431510.1111/gcb.14326
– reference: RiittersKWickhamJCostanzaJKVogtPA global evaluation of forest interior area dynamics using tree cover data from 2000 to 2012Landsc. Ecol.20163113714810.1007/s10980-015-0270-9
– reference: ZellwegerFForest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warmingScience20203687727751:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXpsVyrtr4%3D3240947610.1126/science.aba6880
– reference: VerheyenKDriving factors behind the eutrophication signal in understorey plant communities of deciduous temperate forestsJ. Ecol.201210035236510.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01928.x
– reference: Beguería, S. and Vicente-Serrano, S. M. SPEI: calculation of the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index. R package version 1.7. R Projecthttps://CRAN.R-project.org/package=SPEI (2017).
– reference: De FrennePGlobal buffering of temperatures under forest canopiesNat. Ecol. Evol.201937447493093643310.1038/s41559-019-0842-1
– reference: ValdésAHigh ecosystem service delivery potential of small woodlands in agricultural landscapesJ. Appl. Ecol.20205741610.1111/1365-2664.13537
– reference: LanduytDThe functional role of temperate forest understorey vegetation in a changing worldGlob. Change Biol.2019253625364110.1111/gcb.14756
– reference: CaldersKNondestructive estimates of above‐ground biomass using terrestrial laser scanningMethods Ecol. Evol.2015619820810.1111/2041-210X.12301
– reference: PenoneCSpecialisation and diversity of multiple trophic groups are promoted by different forest featuresEcol. Lett.2019221701803046310410.1111/ele.13182
– reference: SchmidtMJochheimHKersebaumKCLischeidGNendelCGradients of microclimate, carbon and nitrogen in transition zones of fragmented landscapes—a reviewAgric. Meteorol.201723265967110.1016/j.agrformet.2016.10.022
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– reference: SladeEMThe importance of species identity and interactions for multifunctionality depends on how ecosystem functions are valuedEcology201798262626392872212110.1002/ecy.1954
– reference: ZellwegerFSeasonal drivers of understorey temperature buffering in temperate deciduous forests across EuropeGlob. Ecol. Biogeogr.2019281774178631866760690007010.1111/geb.12991
– reference: ChastainRAJrCurrieWSTownsendPACarbon sequestration and nutrient cycling implications of the evergreen understory layer in Appalachian forestsFor. Ecol. Manag.2006231637710.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.040
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Snippet Forest biodiversity and ecosystem services are hitherto predominantly quantified in forest interiors, well away from edges. However, these edges also represent...
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SubjectTerms 631/158/1145
631/158/2454
631/158/2458
631/158/670
Biodiversity
Biodiversity and Ecology
Biological and Physical Anthropology
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Brief Communication
Conservation of Natural Resources
Ecology
Ecology, environment
Ecosystem services
Ecosystems
Ekologi
Environmental Sciences
Europe
Evolutionary Biology
Forest management
Forest Science
Forests
Heat waves
Interiors
Life Sciences
Nectar
Paleontology
Phylogeny
Provisioning
Skogsvetenskap
Species richness
Sustainability management
Sustainable forestry
Tradeoffs
Trees
Zoology
Title Trade-offs in biodiversity and ecosystem services between edges and interiors in European forests
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41559-024-02335-6
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38424266
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Volume 8
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