Two genetic analyses to elucidate causality between body mass index and personality
Background/objectives Many personality traits correlate with BMI, but the existence and direction of causal links between them are unclear. If personality influences BMI, knowing this causal direction could inform weight management strategies. Knowing that BMI instead influences personality would co...
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| Published in | International Journal of Obesity Vol. 45; no. 10; pp. 2244 - 2251 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
01.10.2021
Nature Publishing Group |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0307-0565 1476-5497 1476-5497 |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41366-021-00885-4 |
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| Abstract | Background/objectives
Many personality traits correlate with BMI, but the existence and direction of causal links between them are unclear. If personality influences BMI, knowing this causal direction could inform weight management strategies. Knowing that BMI instead influences personality would contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of personality development and the possible psychological effects of weight change. We tested the existence and direction of causal links between BMI and personality.
Subjects/methods
We employed two genetically informed methods. In Mendelian randomization, allele scores were calculated to summarize genetic propensity for the personality traits neuroticism, worry, and depressive affect and used to predict BMI in an independent sample (
N
= 3 541). Similarly, an allele score for BMI was used to predict eating-specific and domain-general phenotypic personality scores (PPSs; aggregate scores of personality traits weighted by BMI). In a direction of causation (DoC) analysis, twin data from five countries (
N
= 5424) were used to assess the fit of four alternative models: PPSs influencing BMI, BMI influencing PPSs, reciprocal causation, and no causation.
Results
In Mendelian randomization, the allele score for BMI predicted domain-general (
β
= 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.08;
P
= 0.003) and eating-specific PPS (
β
= 0.06; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.09;
P
< 0.001). The allele score for worry also predicted BMI (
β
= −0.05; 95% CI: −0.08, −0.02;
P
< 0.001), while those for neuroticism and depressive affect did not (
P
≥ 0.459). In DoC, BMI similarly predicted domain-general (
β
= 0.21; 95% CI:, 0.18, 0.24;
P
< 0.001) and eating-specific personality traits (
β
= 0.19; 95% CI:, 0.16, 0.22;
P
< 0.001), suggesting causality from BMI to personality traits. In exploratory analyses, links between BMI and domain-general personality traits appeared reciprocal for higher-weight individuals (BMI > ~25).
Conclusions
Although both genetic analyses suggested an influence of BMI on personality traits, it is not yet known if weight management interventions could influence personality. Personality traits may influence BMI in turn, but effects in this direction appeared weaker. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Background/objectives Many personality traits correlate with BMI, but the existence and direction of causal links between them are unclear. If personality influences BMI, knowing this causal direction could inform weight management strategies. Knowing that BMI instead influences personality would contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of personality development and the possible psychological effects of weight change. We tested the existence and direction of causal links between BMI and personality. Subjects/methods We employed two genetically informed methods. In Mendelian randomization, allele scores were calculated to summarize genetic propensity for the personality traits neuroticism, worry, and depressive affect and used to predict BMI in an independent sample (N = 3 541). Similarly, an allele score for BMI was used to predict eating-specific and domain-general phenotypic personality scores (PPSs; aggregate scores of personality traits weighted by BMI). In a direction of causation (DoC) analysis, twin data from five countries (N = 5424) were used to assess the fit of four alternative models: PPSs influencing BMI, BMI influencing PPSs, reciprocal causation, and no causation. Results In Mendelian randomization, the allele score for BMI predicted domain-general ([beta] = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.08; P = 0.003) and eating-specific PPS ([beta] = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.09; P < 0.001). The allele score for worry also predicted BMI ([beta] = -0.05; 95% CI: -0.08, -0.02; P < 0.001), while those for neuroticism and depressive affect did not (P [greater than or equal to] 0.459). In DoC, BMI similarly predicted domain-general ([beta] = 0.21; 95% CI:, 0.18, 0.24; P < 0.001) and eating-specific personality traits ([beta] = 0.19; 95% CI:, 0.16, 0.22; P < 0.001), suggesting causality from BMI to personality traits. In exploratory analyses, links between BMI and domain-general personality traits appeared reciprocal for higher-weight individuals (BMI > ~25). Conclusions Although both genetic analyses suggested an influence of BMI on personality traits, it is not yet known if weight management interventions could influence personality. Personality traits may influence BMI in turn, but effects in this direction appeared weaker. Many personality traits correlate with BMI, but the existence and direction of causal links between them are unclear. If personality influences BMI, knowing this causal direction could inform weight management strategies. Knowing that BMI instead influences personality would contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of personality development and the possible psychological effects of weight change. We tested the existence and direction of causal links between BMI and personality.BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESMany personality traits correlate with BMI, but the existence and direction of causal links between them are unclear. If personality influences BMI, knowing this causal direction could inform weight management strategies. Knowing that BMI instead influences personality would contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of personality development and the possible psychological effects of weight change. We tested the existence and direction of causal links between BMI and personality.We employed two genetically informed methods. In Mendelian randomization, allele scores were calculated to summarize genetic propensity for the personality traits neuroticism, worry, and depressive affect and used to predict BMI in an independent sample (N = 3 541). Similarly, an allele score for BMI was used to predict eating-specific and domain-general phenotypic personality scores (PPSs; aggregate scores of personality traits weighted by BMI). In a direction of causation (DoC) analysis, twin data from five countries (N = 5424) were used to assess the fit of four alternative models: PPSs influencing BMI, BMI influencing PPSs, reciprocal causation, and no causation.SUBJECTS/METHODSWe employed two genetically informed methods. In Mendelian randomization, allele scores were calculated to summarize genetic propensity for the personality traits neuroticism, worry, and depressive affect and used to predict BMI in an independent sample (N = 3 541). Similarly, an allele score for BMI was used to predict eating-specific and domain-general phenotypic personality scores (PPSs; aggregate scores of personality traits weighted by BMI). In a direction of causation (DoC) analysis, twin data from five countries (N = 5424) were used to assess the fit of four alternative models: PPSs influencing BMI, BMI influencing PPSs, reciprocal causation, and no causation.In Mendelian randomization, the allele score for BMI predicted domain-general (β = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.08; P = 0.003) and eating-specific PPS (β = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.09; P < 0.001). The allele score for worry also predicted BMI (β = -0.05; 95% CI: -0.08, -0.02; P < 0.001), while those for neuroticism and depressive affect did not (P ≥ 0.459). In DoC, BMI similarly predicted domain-general (β = 0.21; 95% CI:, 0.18, 0.24; P < 0.001) and eating-specific personality traits (β = 0.19; 95% CI:, 0.16, 0.22; P < 0.001), suggesting causality from BMI to personality traits. In exploratory analyses, links between BMI and domain-general personality traits appeared reciprocal for higher-weight individuals (BMI > ~25).RESULTSIn Mendelian randomization, the allele score for BMI predicted domain-general (β = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.08; P = 0.003) and eating-specific PPS (β = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.09; P < 0.001). The allele score for worry also predicted BMI (β = -0.05; 95% CI: -0.08, -0.02; P < 0.001), while those for neuroticism and depressive affect did not (P ≥ 0.459). In DoC, BMI similarly predicted domain-general (β = 0.21; 95% CI:, 0.18, 0.24; P < 0.001) and eating-specific personality traits (β = 0.19; 95% CI:, 0.16, 0.22; P < 0.001), suggesting causality from BMI to personality traits. In exploratory analyses, links between BMI and domain-general personality traits appeared reciprocal for higher-weight individuals (BMI > ~25).Although both genetic analyses suggested an influence of BMI on personality traits, it is not yet known if weight management interventions could influence personality. Personality traits may influence BMI in turn, but effects in this direction appeared weaker.CONCLUSIONSAlthough both genetic analyses suggested an influence of BMI on personality traits, it is not yet known if weight management interventions could influence personality. Personality traits may influence BMI in turn, but effects in this direction appeared weaker. Background/objectivesMany personality traits correlate with BMI, but the existence and direction of causal links between them are unclear. If personality influences BMI, knowing this causal direction could inform weight management strategies. Knowing that BMI instead influences personality would contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of personality development and the possible psychological effects of weight change. We tested the existence and direction of causal links between BMI and personality.Subjects/methodsWe employed two genetically informed methods. In Mendelian randomization, allele scores were calculated to summarize genetic propensity for the personality traits neuroticism, worry, and depressive affect and used to predict BMI in an independent sample (N = 3 541). Similarly, an allele score for BMI was used to predict eating-specific and domain-general phenotypic personality scores (PPSs; aggregate scores of personality traits weighted by BMI). In a direction of causation (DoC) analysis, twin data from five countries (N = 5424) were used to assess the fit of four alternative models: PPSs influencing BMI, BMI influencing PPSs, reciprocal causation, and no causation.ResultsIn Mendelian randomization, the allele score for BMI predicted domain-general (β = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.08; P = 0.003) and eating-specific PPS (β = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.09; P < 0.001). The allele score for worry also predicted BMI (β = −0.05; 95% CI: −0.08, −0.02; P < 0.001), while those for neuroticism and depressive affect did not (P ≥ 0.459). In DoC, BMI similarly predicted domain-general (β = 0.21; 95% CI:, 0.18, 0.24; P < 0.001) and eating-specific personality traits (β = 0.19; 95% CI:, 0.16, 0.22; P < 0.001), suggesting causality from BMI to personality traits. In exploratory analyses, links between BMI and domain-general personality traits appeared reciprocal for higher-weight individuals (BMI > ~25).ConclusionsAlthough both genetic analyses suggested an influence of BMI on personality traits, it is not yet known if weight management interventions could influence personality. Personality traits may influence BMI in turn, but effects in this direction appeared weaker. Background/objectives Many personality traits correlate with BMI, but the existence and direction of causal links between them are unclear. If personality influences BMI, knowing this causal direction could inform weight management strategies. Knowing that BMI instead influences personality would contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of personality development and the possible psychological effects of weight change. We tested the existence and direction of causal links between BMI and personality. Subjects/methods We employed two genetically informed methods. In Mendelian randomization, allele scores were calculated to summarize genetic propensity for the personality traits neuroticism, worry, and depressive affect and used to predict BMI in an independent sample ( N = 3 541). Similarly, an allele score for BMI was used to predict eating-specific and domain-general phenotypic personality scores (PPSs; aggregate scores of personality traits weighted by BMI). In a direction of causation (DoC) analysis, twin data from five countries ( N = 5424) were used to assess the fit of four alternative models: PPSs influencing BMI, BMI influencing PPSs, reciprocal causation, and no causation. Results In Mendelian randomization, the allele score for BMI predicted domain-general ( β = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.08; P = 0.003) and eating-specific PPS ( β = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.09; P < 0.001). The allele score for worry also predicted BMI ( β = −0.05; 95% CI: −0.08, −0.02; P < 0.001), while those for neuroticism and depressive affect did not ( P ≥ 0.459). In DoC, BMI similarly predicted domain-general ( β = 0.21; 95% CI:, 0.18, 0.24; P < 0.001) and eating-specific personality traits ( β = 0.19; 95% CI:, 0.16, 0.22; P < 0.001), suggesting causality from BMI to personality traits. In exploratory analyses, links between BMI and domain-general personality traits appeared reciprocal for higher-weight individuals (BMI > ~25). Conclusions Although both genetic analyses suggested an influence of BMI on personality traits, it is not yet known if weight management interventions could influence personality. Personality traits may influence BMI in turn, but effects in this direction appeared weaker. Many personality traits correlate with BMI, but the existence and direction of causal links between them are unclear. If personality influences BMI, knowing this causal direction could inform weight management strategies. Knowing that BMI instead influences personality would contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of personality development and the possible psychological effects of weight change. We tested the existence and direction of causal links between BMI and personality. In Mendelian randomization, the allele score for BMI predicted domain-general ([beta] = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.08; P = 0.003) and eating-specific PPS ([beta] = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.09; P < 0.001). The allele score for worry also predicted BMI ([beta] = -0.05; 95% CI: -0.08, -0.02; P < 0.001), while those for neuroticism and depressive affect did not (P [greater than or equal to] 0.459). In DoC, BMI similarly predicted domain-general ([beta] = 0.21; 95% CI:, 0.18, 0.24; P < 0.001) and eating-specific personality traits ([beta] = 0.19; 95% CI:, 0.16, 0.22; P < 0.001), suggesting causality from BMI to personality traits. In exploratory analyses, links between BMI and domain-general personality traits appeared reciprocal for higher-weight individuals (BMI > ~25). Although both genetic analyses suggested an influence of BMI on personality traits, it is not yet known if weight management interventions could influence personality. Personality traits may influence BMI in turn, but effects in this direction appeared weaker. Many personality traits correlate with BMI, but the existence and direction of causal links between them are unclear. If personality influences BMI, knowing this causal direction could inform weight management strategies. Knowing that BMI instead influences personality would contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of personality development and the possible psychological effects of weight change. We tested the existence and direction of causal links between BMI and personality. We employed two genetically informed methods. In Mendelian randomization, allele scores were calculated to summarize genetic propensity for the personality traits neuroticism, worry, and depressive affect and used to predict BMI in an independent sample (N = 3 541). Similarly, an allele score for BMI was used to predict eating-specific and domain-general phenotypic personality scores (PPSs; aggregate scores of personality traits weighted by BMI). In a direction of causation (DoC) analysis, twin data from five countries (N = 5424) were used to assess the fit of four alternative models: PPSs influencing BMI, BMI influencing PPSs, reciprocal causation, and no causation. In Mendelian randomization, the allele score for BMI predicted domain-general (β = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.08; P = 0.003) and eating-specific PPS (β = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.09; P < 0.001). The allele score for worry also predicted BMI (β = -0.05; 95% CI: -0.08, -0.02; P < 0.001), while those for neuroticism and depressive affect did not (P ≥ 0.459). In DoC, BMI similarly predicted domain-general (β = 0.21; 95% CI:, 0.18, 0.24; P < 0.001) and eating-specific personality traits (β = 0.19; 95% CI:, 0.16, 0.22; P < 0.001), suggesting causality from BMI to personality traits. In exploratory analyses, links between BMI and domain-general personality traits appeared reciprocal for higher-weight individuals (BMI > ~25). Although both genetic analyses suggested an influence of BMI on personality traits, it is not yet known if weight management interventions could influence personality. Personality traits may influence BMI in turn, but effects in this direction appeared weaker. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Kandler, Christian Vainik, Uku Mõttus, René Jang, Kerry Arumäe, Kadri Sørensen, Thorkild I. A. Ando, Juko Briley, Daniel Dagher, Alain Colodro-Conde, Lucía Mortensen, Erik Lykke |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Kadri orcidid: 0000-0001-9950-904X surname: Arumäe fullname: Arumäe, Kadri organization: University of Tartu – sequence: 2 givenname: Daniel surname: Briley fullname: Briley, Daniel organization: University of Illinois – sequence: 3 givenname: Lucía orcidid: 0000-0002-9004-364X surname: Colodro-Conde fullname: Colodro-Conde, Lucía organization: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane – sequence: 4 givenname: Erik Lykke surname: Mortensen fullname: Mortensen, Erik Lykke organization: University of Copenhagen – sequence: 5 givenname: Kerry surname: Jang fullname: Jang, Kerry organization: University of British Columbia – sequence: 6 givenname: Juko surname: Ando fullname: Ando, Juko organization: Keio University – sequence: 7 givenname: Christian surname: Kandler fullname: Kandler, Christian organization: University of Bremen – sequence: 8 givenname: Thorkild I. A. orcidid: 0000-0003-4821-430X surname: Sørensen fullname: Sørensen, Thorkild I. A. organization: University of Copenhagen – sequence: 9 givenname: Alain orcidid: 0000-0002-0945-5779 surname: Dagher fullname: Dagher, Alain organization: Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University – sequence: 10 givenname: René surname: Mõttus fullname: Mõttus, René organization: University of Tartu, University of Edinburgh – sequence: 11 givenname: Uku orcidid: 0000-0002-9375-9520 surname: Vainik fullname: Vainik, Uku email: uku.vainik@gmail.com organization: University of Tartu, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34247202$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1111_jopy_12836 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physbeh_2022_113703 crossref_primary_10_5964_ps_7583 |
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| PublicationTitle | International Journal of Obesity |
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| Publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK Nature Publishing Group |
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| Snippet | Background/objectives
Many personality traits correlate with BMI, but the existence and direction of causal links between them are unclear. If personality... Many personality traits correlate with BMI, but the existence and direction of causal links between them are unclear. If personality influences BMI, knowing... Background/objectives Many personality traits correlate with BMI, but the existence and direction of causal links between them are unclear. If personality... Background/objectivesMany personality traits correlate with BMI, but the existence and direction of causal links between them are unclear. If personality... |
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| SubjectTerms | 631/208/135 692/700/2817 Alleles Biological Specimen Banks - statistics & numerical data Body Mass Index Body size Body weight Causality Causation Correlation of Data Domains Eating Epidemiology Estonia Genetic analysis Genetic aspects Genetic research Genetic Testing - instrumentation Genetic Testing - methods Genetic Testing - statistics & numerical data Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Humans Influence Internal Medicine Links Medicine Medicine & Public Health Mendel's law Mendelian Randomization Analysis Metabolic Diseases Neurosis Personality Personality - classification Personality Tests - statistics & numerical data Personality traits Psychological aspects Psychological effects Public Health Randomization Weight |
| Title | Two genetic analyses to elucidate causality between body mass index and personality |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41366-021-00885-4 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34247202 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2574932769 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2550628358 |
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