Improved Infrared-Sensing Running Wheel Systems with an Effective Exercise Activity Indicator

This paper describes an infrared-sensing running wheel (ISRW) system for the quantitative measurement of effective exercise activity in rats. The ISRW system provides superior exercise training compared with commercially available traditional animal running platforms. Four infrared (IR) light-emitti...

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Published in	PloS one Vol. 10; no. 4; p. e0122394
Main Authors	Chen, Chi-Chun, Chang, Ming-Wen, Chang, Ching-Ping, Chang, Wen-Ying, Chang, Shin-Chieh, Lin, Mao-Tsun, Yang, Chin-Lung
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	United States Public Library of Science 13.04.2015 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects	Animals Calibration Cerebral blood flow D C motors Equipment Design Exercise Test - instrumentation Indicators Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery - pathology Infrared detectors Infrared Rays Infrared sensing Ischemia Learning Light emitting diodes Male Muscles - physiology Neuroprotection Occlusion Physical Conditioning, Animal - instrumentation Physical training Rats Rats, Wistar Reproducibility of Results Rubber Running Software Stroke System effectiveness Wheel running
Online Access	Get full text
ISSN	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0122394

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Abstract	This paper describes an infrared-sensing running wheel (ISRW) system for the quantitative measurement of effective exercise activity in rats. The ISRW system provides superior exercise training compared with commercially available traditional animal running platforms. Four infrared (IR) light-emitting diode/detector pairs embedded around the rim of the wheel detect the rat's real-time position; the acrylic wheel has a diameter of 55 cm and a thickness of 15 cm, that is, it is larger and thicker than traditional exercise wheels, and it is equipped with a rubber track. The acrylic wheel hangs virtually frictionless, and a DC motor with an axially mounted rubber wheel, which has a diameter of 10 cm, drives the acrylic wheel from the outer edge. The system can automatically train rats to run persistently. The proposed system can determine effective exercise activity (EEA), with the IR sensors (which are connected to a conventional PC) recording the rat exercise behavior. A prototype of the system was verified by a hospital research group performing ischemic stroke experiments on rats by considering middle cerebral artery occlusion. The experimental data demonstrated that the proposed system provides greater neuroprotection in an animal stroke model compared with a conventional treadmill and a motorized running wheel for a given exercise intensity. The quantitative exercise effectiveness indicator showed a 92% correlation between an increase in the EEA and a decrease in the infarct volume. This indicator can be used as a noninvasive and objective reference in clinical animal exercise experiments.
AbstractList	This paper describes an infrared-sensing running wheel (ISRW) system for the quantitative measurement of effective exercise activity in rats. The ISRW system provides superior exercise training compared with commercially available traditional animal running platforms. Four infrared (IR) light-emitting diode/detector pairs embedded around the rim of the wheel detect the rat’s real-time position; the acrylic wheel has a diameter of 55 cm and a thickness of 15 cm, that is, it is larger and thicker than traditional exercise wheels, and it is equipped with a rubber track. The acrylic wheel hangs virtually frictionless, and a DC motor with an axially mounted rubber wheel, which has a diameter of 10 cm, drives the acrylic wheel from the outer edge. The system can automatically train rats to run persistently. The proposed system can determine effective exercise activity (EEA), with the IR sensors (which are connected to a conventional PC) recording the rat exercise behavior. A prototype of the system was verified by a hospital research group performing ischemic stroke experiments on rats by considering middle cerebral artery occlusion. The experimental data demonstrated that the proposed system provides greater neuroprotection in an animal stroke model compared with a conventional treadmill and a motorized running wheel for a given exercise intensity. The quantitative exercise effectiveness indicator showed a 92% correlation between an increase in the EEA and a decrease in the infarct volume. This indicator can be used as a noninvasive and objective reference in clinical animal exercise experiments. This paper describes an infrared-sensing running wheel (ISRW) system for the quantitative measurement of effective exercise activity in rats. The ISRW system provides superior exercise training compared with commercially available traditional animal running platforms. Four infrared (IR) light-emitting diode/detector pairs embedded around the rim of the wheel detect the rat's real-time position; the acrylic wheel has a diameter of 55 cm and a thickness of 15 cm, that is, it is larger and thicker than traditional exercise wheels, and it is equipped with a rubber track. The acrylic wheel hangs virtually frictionless, and a DC motor with an axially mounted rubber wheel, which has a diameter of 10 cm, drives the acrylic wheel from the outer edge. The system can automatically train rats to run persistently. The proposed system can determine effective exercise activity (EEA), with the IR sensors (which are connected to a conventional PC) recording the rat exercise behavior. A prototype of the system was verified by a hospital research group performing ischemic stroke experiments on rats by considering middle cerebral artery occlusion. The experimental data demonstrated that the proposed system provides greater neuroprotection in an animal stroke model compared with a conventional treadmill and a motorized running wheel for a given exercise intensity. The quantitative exercise effectiveness indicator showed a 92% correlation between an increase in the EEA and a decrease in the infarct volume. This indicator can be used as a noninvasive and objective reference in clinical animal exercise experiments.This paper describes an infrared-sensing running wheel (ISRW) system for the quantitative measurement of effective exercise activity in rats. The ISRW system provides superior exercise training compared with commercially available traditional animal running platforms. Four infrared (IR) light-emitting diode/detector pairs embedded around the rim of the wheel detect the rat's real-time position; the acrylic wheel has a diameter of 55 cm and a thickness of 15 cm, that is, it is larger and thicker than traditional exercise wheels, and it is equipped with a rubber track. The acrylic wheel hangs virtually frictionless, and a DC motor with an axially mounted rubber wheel, which has a diameter of 10 cm, drives the acrylic wheel from the outer edge. The system can automatically train rats to run persistently. The proposed system can determine effective exercise activity (EEA), with the IR sensors (which are connected to a conventional PC) recording the rat exercise behavior. A prototype of the system was verified by a hospital research group performing ischemic stroke experiments on rats by considering middle cerebral artery occlusion. The experimental data demonstrated that the proposed system provides greater neuroprotection in an animal stroke model compared with a conventional treadmill and a motorized running wheel for a given exercise intensity. The quantitative exercise effectiveness indicator showed a 92% correlation between an increase in the EEA and a decrease in the infarct volume. This indicator can be used as a noninvasive and objective reference in clinical animal exercise experiments.
Author	Chang, Ming-Wen Chang, Shin-Chieh Chang, Ching-Ping Chen, Chi-Chun Chang, Wen-Ying Lin, Mao-Tsun Yang, Chin-Lung
AuthorAffiliation	4 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 5 Department of Medical Research, ChiMei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan 3 Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan University of Rome Foro Italico, ITALY 1 Department of Electronic Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan – name: 5 Department of Medical Research, ChiMei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan – name: University of Rome Foro Italico, ITALY – name: 4 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan – name: 3 Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan – name: 1 Department of Electronic Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
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CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_3389_fbioe_2020_590013 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12035_018_1011_2 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_018_37282_3 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11332_023_01060_0
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Copyright	2015 Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2015 Chen et al 2015 Chen et al
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: C-CC C-PC M-TL C-LY. Performed the experiments: C-CC S-CC. Analyzed the data: C-CC C-PC S-CC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: C-CC C-PC C-LY. Wrote the paper: C-CC M-WC M-TL C-LY. Established the whole running wheel systems and planned the experiments: C-CC. Assisted the embedded system of the ISRW system and the test of the inclined plane device: M-WC. (Medical expertise for more than 20 years) designed the animal experiments and statistical analysis: C-PC. Assisted with the hardware and the embedded systems: W-YC. Performed the experiments, trained the animals, and collected MCAo data: S-CC. (Medical expertise for more than 40 years) advised the framework of the innovative platform and the neuro-protection in an animal stroke model: M-TL. Is the corresponding author who initiates the ideas, supervises this whole work, and revises the manuscript: C-LY. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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SubjectTerms	Animals Calibration Cerebral blood flow D C motors Equipment Design Exercise Test - instrumentation Indicators Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery - pathology Infrared detectors Infrared Rays Infrared sensing Ischemia Learning Light emitting diodes Male Muscles - physiology Neuroprotection Occlusion Physical Conditioning, Animal - instrumentation Physical training Rats Rats, Wistar Reproducibility of Results Rubber Running Software Stroke System effectiveness Wheel running
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Title	Improved Infrared-Sensing Running Wheel Systems with an Effective Exercise Activity Indicator
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