Delivery by Caesarean Section and Infant Cardiometabolic Status at One Year of Age

Disruption of the gut microbiome has been associated with overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Recently, it has been reported that Caesarean section disrupts the normal gut microbiome of neonates. As such, these data have raised the intriguing possibility that CS could lead t...

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Published inJournal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada Vol. 36; no. 10; pp. 864 - 869
Main Authors Haji, Jenna, Hamilton, Jill K., Ye, Chang, Swaminathan, Balakumar, Hanley, Anthony J., Sermer, Mathew, Connelly, Philip W., Zinman, Bernard, Retnakaran, Ravi
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier Inc 01.10.2014
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ISSN1701-2163
DOI10.1016/S1701-2163(15)30434-5

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Abstract Disruption of the gut microbiome has been associated with overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Recently, it has been reported that Caesarean section disrupts the normal gut microbiome of neonates. As such, these data have raised the intriguing possibility that CS could lead to an adverse cardiometabolic risk profile early in life. Thus, we sought to compare the cardiometabolic status of infants delivered by CS to that of infants delivered vaginally. In this prospective observational cohort study, 104 women underwent cardiometabolic evaluation in pregnancy followed by similar assessment of their infants at one year of age, thereby enabling comparison of infants delivered vaginally (n=74) to those delivered by CS (n=30). Infant assessment included anthropometric evaluation and measurement of variables associated with cardiometabolic risk. At one year of age, there were no differences between infants delivered vaginally and those delivered by CS with respect to mean BMI, sum of skinfolds, fasting glucose, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, leptin, and adiponectin, both before and after covariate adjustment. Of note, maternal and infant levels of adiponectin (r=0.31, P=0.007) and of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol (all r≥0.23, P<0.05) were associated in the vaginal delivery group only, whereas the analogous association for leptin was observed only in the CS group (r=0.44, P=0.02). Caesarean section was not found to be associated with an adverse infant cardiometabolic risk profile at one year of age, although it potentially may affect the impact of maternal determinants of this profile. La perturbation du microbiome intestinal a été associée à la surcharge pondérale / à l’obésité, à l’insulinorésistance et au diabète de type 2. On a récemment signalé que la césarienne perturbe le microbiome intestinal normal du nouveau-né. Ainsi, ces données ont soulevé l’intrigante hypothèse selon laquelle la césarienne pourrait mener à un profil de risque cardiométabolique indésirable tôt aux débuts de la vie. Nous avons donc cherché à comparer l’état cardiométabolique de nouveau-nés issus d’une césarienne à celui de nouveau-nés issus d’un accouchement vaginal. Dans le cadre de cette étude de cohorte observationnelle prospective, 104 femmes se sont soumises à une évaluation cardiométabolique pendant la grossesse, le tout ayant été suivi d’une évaluation semblable de leurs nouveau-nés à l’âge d’un an, ce qui a permis la comparaison des nouveau-nés issus d’un accouchement vaginal (n=74) et des nouveau-nés issus d’une césarienne (n=30). L’évaluation des nouveau-nés comprenait un examen anthropométrique et la mesure des variables associées au risque cardiométabolique. À l’âge d’un an, aucune différence n’a été constatée entre les nouveau-nés issus d’un accouchement vaginal et les nouveau-nés issus d’une césarienne en ce qui concerne l’IMC moyen, la somme des plis cutanés, la glycémie à jeun, l’insulinorésistance, le cholestérol total, le cholestérol LDL, le cholestérol HDL, les triglycérides, la protéine C-réactive, la leptine et l’adiponectine, tant avant qu’après la neutralisation des effets des covariables. Fait à souligner, les taux maternels et infantiles d’adiponectine (r=0,31, P=0,007) et de cholestérol total, de cholestérol LDL et de cholestérol HDL (tous r≥0,23, P<0,05) n’ont été associés qu’au sein du groupe « accouchement vaginal », tandis qu’une association analogue pour ce qui est de la leptine n’a été constatée qu’au sein du groupe « césarienne » (r=0,44, P=0,02). Nous n’avons pas constaté que la césarienne était associée à un profil de risque cardiométabolique indésirable chez l’enfant à l’âge d’un an; toutefois, il est possible qu’elle puisse affecter les effets des déterminants maternels de ce profil.
AbstractList Abstract Objective Disruption of the gut microbiome has been associated with overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Recently, it has been reported that Caesarean section disrupts the normal gut microbiome of neonates. As such, these data have raised the intriguing possibility that CS could lead to an adverse cardiometabolic risk profile early in life. Thus, we sought to compare the cardiometabolic status of infants delivered by CS to that of infants delivered vaginally. Methods In this prospective observational cohort study, 104 women underwent cardiometabolic evaluation in pregnancy followed by similar assessment of their infants at one year of age, thereby enabling comparison of infants delivered vaginally (n = 74) to those delivered by CS (n = 30). Infant assessment included anthropometric evaluation and measurement of variables associated with cardiometabolic risk. Results At one year of age, there were no differences between infants delivered vaginally and those delivered by CS with respect to mean BMI, sum of skinfolds, fasting glucose, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, leptin, and adiponectin, both before and after covariate adjustment. Of note, maternal and infant levels of adiponectin ( r = 0.31, P = 0.007) and of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol (all r ≥ 0.23, P < 0.05) were associated in the vaginal delivery group only, whereas the analogous association for leptin was observed only in the CS group ( r = 0.44, P = 0.02). Conclusion Caesarean section was not found to be associated with an adverse infant cardiometabolic risk profile at one year of age, although it potentially may affect the impact of maternal determinants of this profile.
Disruption of the gut microbiome has been associated with overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Recently, it has been reported that Caesarean section disrupts the normal gut microbiome of neonates. As such, these data have raised the intriguing possibility that CS could lead to an adverse cardiometabolic risk profile early in life. Thus, we sought to compare the cardiometabolic status of infants delivered by CS to that of infants delivered vaginally.OBJECTIVEDisruption of the gut microbiome has been associated with overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Recently, it has been reported that Caesarean section disrupts the normal gut microbiome of neonates. As such, these data have raised the intriguing possibility that CS could lead to an adverse cardiometabolic risk profile early in life. Thus, we sought to compare the cardiometabolic status of infants delivered by CS to that of infants delivered vaginally.In this prospective observational cohort study, 104 women underwent cardiometabolic evaluation in pregnancy followed by similar assessment of their infants at one year of age, thereby enabling comparison of infants delivered vaginally (n = 74) to those delivered by CS (n = 30). Infant assessment included anthropometric evaluation and measurement of variables associated with cardiometabolic risk.METHODSIn this prospective observational cohort study, 104 women underwent cardiometabolic evaluation in pregnancy followed by similar assessment of their infants at one year of age, thereby enabling comparison of infants delivered vaginally (n = 74) to those delivered by CS (n = 30). Infant assessment included anthropometric evaluation and measurement of variables associated with cardiometabolic risk.At one year of age, there were no differences between infants delivered vaginally and those delivered by CS with respect to mean BMI, sum of skinfolds, fasting glucose, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, leptin, and adiponectin, both before and after covariate adjustment. Of note, maternal and infant levels of adiponectin (r = 0.31, P = 0.007) and of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol (all r ≥ 0.23, P < 0.05) were associated in the vaginal delivery group only, whereas the analogous association for leptin was observed only in the CS group (r = 0.44, P = 0.02).RESULTSAt one year of age, there were no differences between infants delivered vaginally and those delivered by CS with respect to mean BMI, sum of skinfolds, fasting glucose, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, leptin, and adiponectin, both before and after covariate adjustment. Of note, maternal and infant levels of adiponectin (r = 0.31, P = 0.007) and of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol (all r ≥ 0.23, P < 0.05) were associated in the vaginal delivery group only, whereas the analogous association for leptin was observed only in the CS group (r = 0.44, P = 0.02).Caesarean section was not found to be associated with an adverse infant cardiometabolic risk profile at one year of age, although it potentially may affect the impact of maternal determinants of this profile.CONCLUSIONCaesarean section was not found to be associated with an adverse infant cardiometabolic risk profile at one year of age, although it potentially may affect the impact of maternal determinants of this profile.
Disruption of the gut microbiome has been associated with overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Recently, it has been reported that Caesarean section disrupts the normal gut microbiome of neonates. As such, these data have raised the intriguing possibility that CS could lead to an adverse cardiometabolic risk profile early in life. Thus, we sought to compare the cardiometabolic status of infants delivered by CS to that of infants delivered vaginally. In this prospective observational cohort study, 104 women underwent cardiometabolic evaluation in pregnancy followed by similar assessment of their infants at one year of age, thereby enabling comparison of infants delivered vaginally (n=74) to those delivered by CS (n=30). Infant assessment included anthropometric evaluation and measurement of variables associated with cardiometabolic risk. At one year of age, there were no differences between infants delivered vaginally and those delivered by CS with respect to mean BMI, sum of skinfolds, fasting glucose, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, leptin, and adiponectin, both before and after covariate adjustment. Of note, maternal and infant levels of adiponectin (r=0.31, P=0.007) and of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol (all r≥0.23, P<0.05) were associated in the vaginal delivery group only, whereas the analogous association for leptin was observed only in the CS group (r=0.44, P=0.02). Caesarean section was not found to be associated with an adverse infant cardiometabolic risk profile at one year of age, although it potentially may affect the impact of maternal determinants of this profile. La perturbation du microbiome intestinal a été associée à la surcharge pondérale / à l’obésité, à l’insulinorésistance et au diabète de type 2. On a récemment signalé que la césarienne perturbe le microbiome intestinal normal du nouveau-né. Ainsi, ces données ont soulevé l’intrigante hypothèse selon laquelle la césarienne pourrait mener à un profil de risque cardiométabolique indésirable tôt aux débuts de la vie. Nous avons donc cherché à comparer l’état cardiométabolique de nouveau-nés issus d’une césarienne à celui de nouveau-nés issus d’un accouchement vaginal. Dans le cadre de cette étude de cohorte observationnelle prospective, 104 femmes se sont soumises à une évaluation cardiométabolique pendant la grossesse, le tout ayant été suivi d’une évaluation semblable de leurs nouveau-nés à l’âge d’un an, ce qui a permis la comparaison des nouveau-nés issus d’un accouchement vaginal (n=74) et des nouveau-nés issus d’une césarienne (n=30). L’évaluation des nouveau-nés comprenait un examen anthropométrique et la mesure des variables associées au risque cardiométabolique. À l’âge d’un an, aucune différence n’a été constatée entre les nouveau-nés issus d’un accouchement vaginal et les nouveau-nés issus d’une césarienne en ce qui concerne l’IMC moyen, la somme des plis cutanés, la glycémie à jeun, l’insulinorésistance, le cholestérol total, le cholestérol LDL, le cholestérol HDL, les triglycérides, la protéine C-réactive, la leptine et l’adiponectine, tant avant qu’après la neutralisation des effets des covariables. Fait à souligner, les taux maternels et infantiles d’adiponectine (r=0,31, P=0,007) et de cholestérol total, de cholestérol LDL et de cholestérol HDL (tous r≥0,23, P<0,05) n’ont été associés qu’au sein du groupe « accouchement vaginal », tandis qu’une association analogue pour ce qui est de la leptine n’a été constatée qu’au sein du groupe « césarienne » (r=0,44, P=0,02). Nous n’avons pas constaté que la césarienne était associée à un profil de risque cardiométabolique indésirable chez l’enfant à l’âge d’un an; toutefois, il est possible qu’elle puisse affecter les effets des déterminants maternels de ce profil.
Disruption of the gut microbiome has been associated with overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Recently, it has been reported that Caesarean section disrupts the normal gut microbiome of neonates. As such, these data have raised the intriguing possibility that CS could lead to an adverse cardiometabolic risk profile early in life. Thus, we sought to compare the cardiometabolic status of infants delivered by CS to that of infants delivered vaginally. In this prospective observational cohort study, 104 women underwent cardiometabolic evaluation in pregnancy followed by similar assessment of their infants at one year of age, thereby enabling comparison of infants delivered vaginally (n = 74) to those delivered by CS (n = 30). Infant assessment included anthropometric evaluation and measurement of variables associated with cardiometabolic risk. At one year of age, there were no differences between infants delivered vaginally and those delivered by CS with respect to mean BMI, sum of skinfolds, fasting glucose, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, leptin, and adiponectin, both before and after covariate adjustment. Of note, maternal and infant levels of adiponectin (r = 0.31, P = 0.007) and of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol (all r ≥ 0.23, P < 0.05) were associated in the vaginal delivery group only, whereas the analogous association for leptin was observed only in the CS group (r = 0.44, P = 0.02). Caesarean section was not found to be associated with an adverse infant cardiometabolic risk profile at one year of age, although it potentially may affect the impact of maternal determinants of this profile.
Author Connelly, Philip W.
Retnakaran, Ravi
Hamilton, Jill K.
Hanley, Anthony J.
Ye, Chang
Haji, Jenna
Zinman, Bernard
Swaminathan, Balakumar
Sermer, Mathew
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Keywords gut microbiome
infant
Caesarean
Cardiovascular risk
mode of delivery
cardiovascular risk
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Snippet Disruption of the gut microbiome has been associated with overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Recently, it has been reported that...
Abstract Objective Disruption of the gut microbiome has been associated with overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Recently, it has been...
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SubjectTerms Blood Glucose - metabolism
Body Mass Index
Caesarean
Cardiovascular Diseases - blood
Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism
Cardiovascular Diseases - microbiology
Cardiovascular risk
Cesarean Section
Cholesterol - blood
Delivery, Obstetric
Female
gut microbiome
Humans
Infant
Insulin - blood
mode of delivery
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Pregnancy
Prospective Studies
Risk Factors
Title Delivery by Caesarean Section and Infant Cardiometabolic Status at One Year of Age
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1701-2163(15)30434-5
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25375298
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1622065242
Volume 36
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