Retinal Vessel Flicker Light Responsiveness and Its Relation to Analysis Protocols and Static and Metabolic Data in Healthy Subjects

• Published in: Biomedicines Vol. 13; no. 5; p. 1201
• Main Authors: Artemiev, Dmitri, Valmaggia, Christophe, Tschuppert, Scott, Kotliar, Konstantin, Türksever, Cengiz, Todorova, Margarita G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 15.05.2025; MDPI
• Subjects: Arteries; Blood vessels; Cameras; Diabetes; Diagnosis; Eye; flicker light; Hypertension; Integrated software; Medical examination; metabolic structure–relationship; Metabolism; Optic nerve; Oxygen saturation; Physiological aspects; Physiology; Reproducibility; Retina; Retinal diseases; retinal oxygen saturation; retinal vessel analyzer; Statistical analysis; Systemic diseases; Veins & arteries; Switzerland; Germany; metabolic structure–relationship; retinal vessel analyzer; flicker light; retinal oxygen saturation
• ISSN: 2227-9059; 2227-9059
• DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13051201

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the agreement between different analysis protocols for the determination of retinal vessel dilation response to flicker light (FL) and its relation to static and metabolic parameters of retinal vessels in healthy subjects. Methods: In total, 24 right eyes of 24 healthy controls (mean age: 36.04 ± SD 14.4 years) who underwent dynamic and static retinal diameter and oxygen saturation measurements on a Retinal Vessel Analyzer (RVA, Imedos, Jena, Germany) were included. Using repeated video analyses, responses to FL were measured with RVA. These measurements were conducted at three specific retinal locations: within the superotemporal area—within a distance of less than one optic disk (OD) diameter to optic nerve head (ONH) (group 1); greater than one OD diameter to ONH (group 2); and areas near the ONH within the VesselMap region (group 3). For comparability, the static and oxygen saturation parameters were also calculated in the superotemporal peripapillary area using the VesselMap tool of the RVA and were evaluated in relation to the corresponding dynamic area (group 3). Results: In all groups, the vascular FL response of arteries was less pronounced compared to venules (p = 0.0014). Even though FL responses (mean ± SD: FL-A; FL-V) in group 1 were more pronounced (3.36 ± 2.31; 4.42 ± 1.69) compared to those in group 2 (2.97 ± 2.40; 4.08 ± 1.55) and group 3 (2.84 ± 2.29; 4.21 ± 2.03), they did not reach statistically significant values. The mean flicker response of venules (VDil) in all groups showed negative correlations to the corresponding static parameter: central retinal venous equivalent (CRV) (r = −0.0437; p = 0.015). The mean flicker response of arteries (ADil) in all groups showed negative correlations to the corresponding metabolic parameter: arterio-venous oxygen extraction fraction (r = −0.101; p = 0.041). Conclusions: Our study confirms that the flicker light response, despite slight variations in its duration and location, allows for reliable measurements, proving the Retinal Vessel Analyzer to be a valuable diagnostic tool. Furthermore, we were able to highlight the relationship between the dynamic and metabolic components of retinal supply, which enables early diagnosis concerning the development of diseases within this spectrum.