Treadmill exercise ameliorates social isolation-induced depression through neuronal generation in rat pups
Social isolation is known to induce emotional and behavioral changes in animals and humans. The effect of treadmill exercise on depression was investigated using social isolated rat pups. The rat pups in the social isolation groups were housed individually. The rat pups in the exercise groups were f...
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| Published in | Journal of exercise rehabilitation Vol. 13; no. 6; pp. 627 - 633 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Korea (South)
Korean Society of Exercise Rehabilitation
01.12.2017
한국운동재활학회 |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2288-176X 2288-1778 2288-1778 |
| DOI | 10.12965/jer.1735180.590 |
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| Abstract | Social isolation is known to induce emotional and behavioral changes in animals and humans. The effect of treadmill exercise on depression was investigated using social isolated rat pups. The rat pups in the social isolation groups were housed individually. The rat pups in the exercise groups were forced to run on treadmill for 30 min once a day from postnatal day 21 to postnatal day 34. In order to evaluate depression state of rat pups, forced swimming test was performed. Newly generated cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus were determined by 5-bromo- 2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry. We examined the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in the dorsal raphe using immunofluorescence. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) was detected by Western blot analysis. The present results demonstrated that social isolation increased resting time and decreased mobility time. Expression of 5-HT and TPH in the dorsal raphe and expression of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus were decreased by social isolation. The number of BrdU-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was suppressed by social isolation. Treadmill exercise decreased resting time and increased mobility in the social isolated rat pups. Expression of 5-HT, TPH, BDNF, and TrkB was increased by treadmill exercise. The present results suggested that treadmill exercise may ameliorates social isolation-induced depression through increasing neuronal generation. |
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| AbstractList | Social isolation is known to induce emotional and behavioral changes in animals and humans. The effect of treadmill exercise on depression was investigated using social isolated rat pups. The rat pups in the social isolation groups were housed individually. The rat pups in the exercise groups were forced to run on treadmill for 30 min once a day from postnatal day 21 to postnatal day 34. In order to evaluate depression state of rat pups, forced swimming test was performed. Newly generated cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus were determined by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry. We examined the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in the dorsal raphe using immunofluorescence. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) was detected by Western blot analysis. The present results demonstrated that social isolation increased resting time and decreased mobility time. Expression of 5-HT and TPH in the dorsal raphe and expression of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus were decreased by social isolation. The number of BrdU-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was suppressed by social isolation. Treadmill exercise decreased resting time and increased mobility in the social isolated rat pups. Expression of 5-HT, TPH, BDNF, and TrkB was increased by treadmill exercise. The present results suggested that treadmill exercise may ameliorates social isolation-induced depression through increasing neuronal generation. Social isolation is known to induce emotional and behavioral changes in animals and humans. The effect of treadmill exercise on depression was investigated using social isolated rat pups. The rat pups in the social isolation groups were housed individually. The rat pups in the exercise groups were forced to run on treadmill for 30 min once a day from postnatal day 21 to postnatal day 34. In order to evaluate depression state of rat pups, forced swimming test was performed. Newly generated cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus were determined by 5-bromo- 2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry. We examined the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in the dorsal raphe using immunofluorescence. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) was detected by Western blot analysis. The present results demonstrated that social isolation increased resting time and decreased mobility time. Expression of 5-HT and TPH in the dorsal raphe and expression of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus were decreased by social isolation. The number of BrdU-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was suppressed by social isolation. Treadmill exercise decreased resting time and increased mobility in the social isolated rat pups. Expression of 5-HT, TPH, BDNF, and TrkB was increased by treadmill exercise. The present results suggested that treadmill exercise may ameliorates social isolation-induced depression through increasing neuronal generation. KCI Citation Count: 7 Social isolation is known to induce emotional and behavioral changes in animals and humans. The effect of treadmill exercise on depression was investigated using social isolated rat pups. The rat pups in the social isolation groups were housed individually. The rat pups in the exercise groups were forced to run on treadmill for 30 min once a day from postnatal day 21 to postnatal day 34. In order to evaluate depression state of rat pups, forced swimming test was performed. Newly generated cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus were determined by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry. We examined the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in the dorsal raphe using immunofluorescence. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) was detected by Western blot analysis. The present results demonstrated that social isolation increased resting time and decreased mobility time. Expression of 5-HT and TPH in the dorsal raphe and expression of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus were decreased by social isolation. The number of BrdU-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was suppressed by social isolation. Treadmill exercise decreased resting time and increased mobility in the social isolated rat pups. Expression of 5-HT, TPH, BDNF, and TrkB was increased by treadmill exercise. The present results suggested that treadmill exercise may ameliorates social isolation-induced depression through increasing neuronal generation.Social isolation is known to induce emotional and behavioral changes in animals and humans. The effect of treadmill exercise on depression was investigated using social isolated rat pups. The rat pups in the social isolation groups were housed individually. The rat pups in the exercise groups were forced to run on treadmill for 30 min once a day from postnatal day 21 to postnatal day 34. In order to evaluate depression state of rat pups, forced swimming test was performed. Newly generated cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus were determined by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry. We examined the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in the dorsal raphe using immunofluorescence. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) was detected by Western blot analysis. The present results demonstrated that social isolation increased resting time and decreased mobility time. Expression of 5-HT and TPH in the dorsal raphe and expression of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus were decreased by social isolation. The number of BrdU-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was suppressed by social isolation. Treadmill exercise decreased resting time and increased mobility in the social isolated rat pups. Expression of 5-HT, TPH, BDNF, and TrkB was increased by treadmill exercise. The present results suggested that treadmill exercise may ameliorates social isolation-induced depression through increasing neuronal generation. |
| Author | Kim, Dae-Young Jung, Sun-Young Lee, Sang-Won Cho, Jung-Wan Kim, Young-Pyo Seo, Tae-Beom Lee, Sam-Jun |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Physical Therapy, Hosan University, Gyeongsan, Korea 1 Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea 6 Department of Sports Healthcare, College of Humanities & Social Sciences, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea 5 Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea 3 Department of Physical Education, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, Korea 4 Department of Physical Education, College of Health, Welfare, and Education, Tong Myong University, Busan, Korea |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.08.007 10.1016/j.braindev.2011.01.011 10.1038/sj.npp.1301665 10.1136/bmj.322.7289.763 10.1016/S0893-133X(02)00286-5 10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00319-6 10.1152/jn.00152.2002 10.1038/nrn1629 10.1016/j.exger.2010.02.005 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.11.071 10.1002/hipo.20155 10.1007/s10571-005-8468-z 10.1016/S0014-2999(00)00904-3 10.1016/S0091-3057(00)00300-2 10.1038/mp.2010.80 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.10.050 10.1007/s00213-004-1883-x 10.1038/mp.2009.67 10.1038/sj.mp.4000947 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.10.003 10.1007/s00429-007-0169-6 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.03.003 10.1038/npp.2008.201 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.09.060 10.1073/pnas.0402141101 10.1126/science.1083328 |
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| Keywords | Treadmill exercise Depression Social isolation Neuronal generation |
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| TableOfContents | Abstract
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Animals and treatments
Treadmill exercise protocol
Forced swimming test
Tissue preparation
Immunofluorescence for 5-hydroxytryptamine and tryptophan hydroxylase expression
Immunohistochemistry for BrdU
Western blot analysis
Data analysis
RESULTS
Effect of treadmill exercise on depression
Effect of treadmill exercise on the 5-HT synthesis and TPH expression
Effect of treadmill exercise on neurogenesis
Effect of treadmill exercise on BDNF and TrkB expression
DISCUSSION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES |
| Title | Treadmill exercise ameliorates social isolation-induced depression through neuronal generation in rat pups |
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