The Five and Seven Factors Personality Models: Differences and Similitude between the TCI-R, NEO-FFI-R and ZKPQ-50-CC

• Published in: The Spanish journal of psychology Vol. 14; no. 2; pp. 659 - 666
• Main Authors: Aluja, Anton, Blanch, Angel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 01.11.2011; Complutense University of Madrid, Faculty of Psychology; Universidad Complutense de Madrid
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Agreeableness; Anxiety - diagnosis; Anxiety - psychology; Avoidance behavior; Biological and medical sciences; Character; Confirmatory factor analysis; Conscientiousness; Exploratory Behavior; Extraversion; Extraversion (Psychology); Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Harm Reduction; Hostility; Humans; Inventories; Inventory valuation; Male; Measures; Middle Aged; Neurotic Disorders - diagnosis; Neurotic Disorders - psychology; Neuroticism; Novelty seeking; Openness; Personality; Personality inventory; Personality Inventory - statistics & numerical data; Personality tests; Personality traits; Personality. Affectivity; Principal Component Analysis; Principal components analysis; Psychological factors; Psychology; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychophysiology; Psychometrics; Reference Values; Self Concept; Sensation seeking; Sociability; Social Adjustment; Temperament; Transcendence; Young Adult; España; TCI-R; personalidad; personality; NEO-FFI-R; ZKPQ-50-CC; Human; Personality test; Big Five personality model; Psychometrics; Personality; Comparative study
• ISSN: 1138-7416; 1988-2904
• DOI: 10.5209/rev_SJOP.2011.v14.n2.14

The present study tests the relationships between the three frequently used personality models evaluated by the Temperament Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R), Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five Factor Inventory – Revised (NEO-FFI-R) and Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire-50- Cross-Cultural (ZKPQ-50-CC). The results were obtained with a sample of 928 volunteer subjects from the general population aged between 17 and 28 years old. Frequency distributions and alpha reliabilities with the three instruments were acceptable. Correlational and factorial analyses showed that several scales in the three instruments share an appreciable amount of common variance. Five factors emerged from principal components analysis. The first factor was integrated by A (Agreeableness), Co (Cooperativeness) and Agg-Host (Aggressiveness- Hostility), with secondary loadings in C (Conscientiousness) and SD (Self-directiveness) from other factors. The second factor was composed by N (Neuroticism), N-Anx (Neuroticism-Anxiety), HA (Harm Avoidance) and SD (Self-directiveness). The third factor was integrated by Sy (Sociability), E (Extraversion), RD (Reward Dependence), ImpSS (Impulsive Sensation Seeking) and NS (novelty Seeking). The fourth factor was integrated by Ps (Persistence), Act (Activity), and C, whereas the fifth and last factor was composed by O (Openness) and ST (Self- Transcendence). Confirmatory factor analyses indicate that the scales in each model are highly interrelated and define the specified latent dimension well. Similarities and differences between these three instruments are further discussed. Este estudio explora las relaciones entre los tres modelos de personalidad más frecuentemente utilizados evaluados por el Inventario de Carácter y Temperamento revisado (TCI-R), el Inventario de Neuroticismo, Extraversión y Apertura Revisado de Cinco Factores Revisado (NEO-FFI-R) y el Cuestionario de Personalidad de Zuckerman-Kuhlman de 50 ítems (el ZKPQ-50-CC). Los resultados se obtuvieron con una muestra de 928 sujetos voluntarios provenientes de la población general entre 17 y 28 años. Las distribuciones de frecuencias de las medias y fiabilidades alfa de los tres instrumentos fueron aceptables. Los análisis correlacionales y factoriales mostraron que los tres cuestionarios compartían una apreciable cantidad de varianza común. De los análisis de componente principales emergieron cinco factores. El primer factor quedó integrado por A (Amabilidad), Co (Cooperación) y Agg-Host (Agresividad-hostilidad), con las cargas secundarias en el factor C (Responsabilidad) y SD (Auto-Dirección) de otros factores. El segundo factor estaba compuesto por N (Neuroticismo), N-Anx (Neuroticism-ansiedad), HA (Evitación del Daño) y SD (Auto-Dirección). El tercer factor quedo integrado por Sy (la Sociabilidad), E (Extraversión), RD (Dependencia de la Recompensa), ImpSS (Búsqueda de Sensaciones Impulsiva) y NS (Búsqueda de Novedad). El cuarto factor quedó integrado por P (Persistencia), Act (Actividad), y C, el quinto y el último factor estaba compuesto por O (Apertura) y ST (Auto-Transcendencia). Un análisis factorial confirmatorio indicó que las escalas de cada modelo están muy interrelacionadas y definen bien la dimensión latente especificada. Se discuten las similitudes y diferencias entre estos tres instrumentos.