Non-transferrin bound iron: A key role in iron overload and iron toxicity

Besides transferrin iron, which represents the normal form of circulating iron, non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) has been identified in the plasma of patients with various pathological conditions in which transferrin saturation is significantly elevated. To show that: i) NTBI is present not only du...

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Published inBiochimica et biophysica acta Vol. 1820; no. 3; pp. 403 - 410
Main Authors Brissot, Pierre, Ropert, Martine, Le Lan, Caroline, Loréal, Olivier
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.03.2012
Elsevier
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0304-4165
0006-3002
1872-8006
DOI10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.07.014

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Abstract Besides transferrin iron, which represents the normal form of circulating iron, non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) has been identified in the plasma of patients with various pathological conditions in which transferrin saturation is significantly elevated. To show that: i) NTBI is present not only during chronic iron overload disorders (hemochromatosis, transfusional iron overload) but also in miscellaneous diseases which are not primarily iron overloaded conditions; ii) this iron species represents a potentially toxic iron form due to its high propensity to induce reactive oxygen species and is responsible for cellular damage not only at the plasma membrane level but also towards different intracellular organelles; iii) the NTBI concept may be expanded to include intracytosolic iron forms which are not linked to ferritin, the major storage protein which exerts, at the cellular level, the same type of protective effect towards the intracellular environment as transferrin in the plasma. Plasma NTBI and especially labile plasma iron determinations represent a new important biological tool since elimination of this toxic iron species is a major therapeutic goal. The NTBI approach represents an important mechanistic concept for explaining cellular iron excess and toxicity and provides new important biochemical diagnostic tools. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Transferrins: Molecular mechanisms of iron transport and disorders. ► NTBI and its toxic form LPI appear in plasma when transferrin saturation increases. ► NTBI is avidly taken up by parenchymal cells (especially hepatocytes). ► Labile Iron Pool can be considered as an intracytosolic equivalent of plasma NTBI. ► NTBI can be present in diseases not primarily related to iron overload. ► Therapeutic efforts (phlebotomies, iron chelation) must focus on NTBI elimination.
AbstractList BACKGROUND: Besides transferrin iron, which represents the normal form of circulating iron, non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) has been identified in the plasma of patients with various pathological conditions in which transferrin saturation is significantly elevated. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW: To show that: i) NTBI is present not only during chronic iron overload disorders (hemochromatosis, transfusional iron overload) but also in miscellaneous diseases which are not primarily iron overloaded conditions; ii) this iron species represents a potentially toxic iron form due to its high propensity to induce reactive oxygen species and is responsible for cellular damage not only at the plasma membrane level but also towards different intracellular organelles; iii) the NTBI concept may be expanded to include intracytosolic iron forms which are not linked to ferritin, the major storage protein which exerts, at the cellular level, the same type of protective effect towards the intracellular environment as transferrin in the plasma. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Plasma NTBI and especially labile plasma iron determinations represent a new important biological tool since elimination of this toxic iron species is a major therapeutic goal. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: The NTBI approach represents an important mechanistic concept for explaining cellular iron excess and toxicity and provides new important biochemical diagnostic tools. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Transferrins: Molecular mechanisms of iron transport and disorders.
Besides transferrin iron, which represents the normal form of circulating iron, non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) has been identified in the plasma of patients with various pathological conditions in which transferrin saturation is significantly elevated. To show that: i) NTBI is present not only during chronic iron overload disorders (hemochromatosis, transfusional iron overload) but also in miscellaneous diseases which are not primarily iron overloaded conditions; ii) this iron species represents a potentially toxic iron form due to its high propensity to induce reactive oxygen species and is responsible for cellular damage not only at the plasma membrane level but also towards different intracellular organelles; iii) the NTBI concept may be expanded to include intracytosolic iron forms which are not linked to ferritin, the major storage protein which exerts, at the cellular level, the same type of protective effect towards the intracellular environment as transferrin in the plasma. Plasma NTBI and especially labile plasma iron determinations represent a new important biological tool since elimination of this toxic iron species is a major therapeutic goal. The NTBI approach represents an important mechanistic concept for explaining cellular iron excess and toxicity and provides new important biochemical diagnostic tools. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Transferrins: Molecular mechanisms of iron transport and disorders.
Besides transferrin iron, which represents the normal form of circulating iron, non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) has been identified in the plasma of patients with various pathological conditions in which transferrin saturation is significantly elevated.BACKGROUNDBesides transferrin iron, which represents the normal form of circulating iron, non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) has been identified in the plasma of patients with various pathological conditions in which transferrin saturation is significantly elevated.To show that: i) NTBI is present not only during chronic iron overload disorders (hemochromatosis, transfusional iron overload) but also in miscellaneous diseases which are not primarily iron overloaded conditions; ii) this iron species represents a potentially toxic iron form due to its high propensity to induce reactive oxygen species and is responsible for cellular damage not only at the plasma membrane level but also towards different intracellular organelles; iii) the NTBI concept may be expanded to include intracytosolic iron forms which are not linked to ferritin, the major storage protein which exerts, at the cellular level, the same type of protective effect towards the intracellular environment as transferrin in the plasma.SCOPE OF THE REVIEWTo show that: i) NTBI is present not only during chronic iron overload disorders (hemochromatosis, transfusional iron overload) but also in miscellaneous diseases which are not primarily iron overloaded conditions; ii) this iron species represents a potentially toxic iron form due to its high propensity to induce reactive oxygen species and is responsible for cellular damage not only at the plasma membrane level but also towards different intracellular organelles; iii) the NTBI concept may be expanded to include intracytosolic iron forms which are not linked to ferritin, the major storage protein which exerts, at the cellular level, the same type of protective effect towards the intracellular environment as transferrin in the plasma.Plasma NTBI and especially labile plasma iron determinations represent a new important biological tool since elimination of this toxic iron species is a major therapeutic goal.MAJOR CONCLUSIONSPlasma NTBI and especially labile plasma iron determinations represent a new important biological tool since elimination of this toxic iron species is a major therapeutic goal.The NTBI approach represents an important mechanistic concept for explaining cellular iron excess and toxicity and provides new important biochemical diagnostic tools. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Transferrins: Molecular mechanisms of iron transport and disorders.GENERAL SIGNIFICANCEThe NTBI approach represents an important mechanistic concept for explaining cellular iron excess and toxicity and provides new important biochemical diagnostic tools. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Transferrins: Molecular mechanisms of iron transport and disorders.
Besides transferrin iron, which represents the normal form of circulating iron, non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) has been identified in the plasma of patients with various pathological conditions in which transferrin saturation is significantly elevated. To show that: i) NTBI is present not only during chronic iron overload disorders (hemochromatosis, transfusional iron overload) but also in miscellaneous diseases which are not primarily iron overloaded conditions; ii) this iron species represents a potentially toxic iron form due to its high propensity to induce reactive oxygen species and is responsible for cellular damage not only at the plasma membrane level but also towards different intracellular organelles; iii) the NTBI concept may be expanded to include intracytosolic iron forms which are not linked to ferritin, the major storage protein which exerts, at the cellular level, the same type of protective effect towards the intracellular environment as transferrin in the plasma. Plasma NTBI and especially labile plasma iron determinations represent a new important biological tool since elimination of this toxic iron species is a major therapeutic goal. The NTBI approach represents an important mechanistic concept for explaining cellular iron excess and toxicity and provides new important biochemical diagnostic tools. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Transferrins: Molecular mechanisms of iron transport and disorders. ► NTBI and its toxic form LPI appear in plasma when transferrin saturation increases. ► NTBI is avidly taken up by parenchymal cells (especially hepatocytes). ► Labile Iron Pool can be considered as an intracytosolic equivalent of plasma NTBI. ► NTBI can be present in diseases not primarily related to iron overload. ► Therapeutic efforts (phlebotomies, iron chelation) must focus on NTBI elimination.
Author Loréal, Olivier
Brissot, Pierre
Ropert, Martine
Le Lan, Caroline
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Pierre
  surname: Brissot
  fullname: Brissot, Pierre
  email: pierre.brissot@univ-rennes1.fr
  organization: Inserm, UMR991, Liver Metabolisms and Cancer, F-35033 Rennes, France
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Martine
  surname: Ropert
  fullname: Ropert, Martine
  organization: Inserm, UMR991, Liver Metabolisms and Cancer, F-35033 Rennes, France
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Caroline
  surname: Le Lan
  fullname: Le Lan, Caroline
  organization: Inserm, UMR991, Liver Metabolisms and Cancer, F-35033 Rennes, France
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Olivier
  surname: Loréal
  fullname: Loréal, Olivier
  organization: Inserm, UMR991, Liver Metabolisms and Cancer, F-35033 Rennes, France
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21855608$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
https://hal.science/hal-00739430$$DView record in HAL
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Iron overload
Thalassemia
Hemochromatosis
Hepcidin
Non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI)
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Snippet Besides transferrin iron, which represents the normal form of circulating iron, non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) has been identified in the plasma of patients...
BACKGROUND: Besides transferrin iron, which represents the normal form of circulating iron, non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) has been identified in the plasma...
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SubjectTerms Cell Death
ferritin
Ferritins - blood
Ferroportin
Hemochromatosis
Hemochromatosis - blood
Hepcidin
Human health and pathology
Humans
Hépatology and Gastroenterology
Ion Transport
iron
Iron - blood
Iron - metabolism
Iron overload
Iron Overload - blood
Life Sciences
Liver - metabolism
Non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI)
organelles
patients
plasma membrane
reactive oxygen species
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
Thalassemia
toxicity
transferrin
Transferrin - metabolism
Title Non-transferrin bound iron: A key role in iron overload and iron toxicity
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.07.014
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21855608
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2000010382
https://www.proquest.com/docview/922758654
https://hal.science/hal-00739430
Volume 1820
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