Diversity and Toxigenicity of Fungi that Cause Pineapple Fruitlet Core Rot

• Published in: Toxins Vol. 12; no. 5; p. 339
• Main Authors: Barral, Bastien, Chillet, Marc, Doizy, Anna, Grassi, Maeva, Ragot, Laetitia, Léchaudel, Mathieu, Durand, Noel, Rose, Lindy Joy, Viljoen, Altus, Schorr-Galindo, Sabine
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 21.05.2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Acids; Agricultural sciences; Ananas - microbiology; Ananas comosus; Beauvericin; Cereals; Culture media; Datasets; Depsipeptides - metabolism; Enzymes; Fruit - microbiology; Fruit rot; Fruits; fumonisin; Fumonisins; Fumonisins - metabolism; Fungi; Fusarium; Fusarium - classification; Fusarium - genetics; Fusarium - isolation & purification; Fusarium - metabolism; Fusarium ananatum; Hydroxybenzoates - metabolism; Life Sciences; Morphology; Multienzyme Complexes - metabolism; Mycotoxins; Pathogens; Phylogenetics; Phylogeny; Phytopathology and phytopharmacy; Pineapples; Plant Diseases - microbiology; Sciences and technics of agriculture; Talaromyces; Talaromyces - classification; Talaromyces - genetics; Talaromyces - isolation & purification; Talaromyces stollii; Toxigenicity; Vegetal Biology; Hawaii; United States > US; Ananas comosus; fumonisin; beauvericin; Fusarium ananatum; Talaromyces stollii; Maladie des tâches noires de l'ananas; Fusarium oxysporum; Fumonisins; fumonisine; maladie fongique; La Réunion; Pineapple Fruitlet Core Rot disease (FCR); mycotoxine; Fusarium; France; Beauvericin; Fusarium proliferatum; Talaromyces
• ISSN: 2072-6651; 2072-6651
• DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050339

The identity of the fungi responsible for fruitlet core rot (FCR) disease in pineapple has been the subject of investigation for some time. This study describes the diversity and toxigenic potential of fungal species causing FCR in La Reunion, an island in the Indian Ocean. One-hundred-and-fifty fungal isolates were obtained from infected and healthy fruitlets on Reunion Island and exclusively correspond to two genera of fungi: Fusarium and Talaromyces. The genus Fusarium made up 79% of the isolates, including 108 F. ananatum, 10 F. oxysporum, and one F. proliferatum. The genus Talaromyces accounted for 21% of the isolated fungi, which were all Talaromyces stollii. As the isolated fungal strains are potentially mycotoxigenic, identification and quantification of mycotoxins were carried out on naturally or artificially infected diseased fruits and under in vitro cultures of potential toxigenic isolates. Fumonisins B1 and B2 (FB1-FB2) and beauvericin (BEA) were found in infected fruitlets of pineapple and in the culture media of Fusarium species. Regarding the induction of mycotoxin in vitro, F. proliferatum produced 182 mg kg⁻1 of FB1 and F. oxysporum produced 192 mg kg⁻1 of BEA. These results provide a better understanding of the causal agents of FCR and their potential risk to pineapple consumers.