Utility of linear mixed effects models for event-related potential research with infants and children
Event-related potentials (ERPs) are advantageous for investigating cognitive development. However, their application in infants/children is challenging given children’s difficulty in sitting through the multiple trials required in an ERP task. Thus, a large problem in developmental ERP research is h...
Saved in:
| Published in | Developmental cognitive neuroscience Vol. 54; p. 101070 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Netherlands
Elsevier Ltd
01.04.2022
Elsevier |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1878-9293 1878-9307 1878-9307 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070 |
Cover
| Abstract | Event-related potentials (ERPs) are advantageous for investigating cognitive development. However, their application in infants/children is challenging given children’s difficulty in sitting through the multiple trials required in an ERP task. Thus, a large problem in developmental ERP research is high subject exclusion due to too few analyzable trials. Common analytic approaches (that involve averaging trials within subjects and excluding subjects with too few trials, as in ANOVA and linear regression) work around this problem, but do not mitigate it. Moreover, these practices can lead to inaccuracies in measuring neural signals. The greater the subject exclusion, the more problematic inaccuracies can be. We review recent developmental ERP studies to illustrate the prevalence of these issues. Critically, we demonstrate an alternative approach to ERP analysis—linear mixed effects (LME) modeling—which offers unique utility in developmental ERP research. We demonstrate with simulated and real ERP data from preschool children that commonly employed ANOVAs yield biased results that become more biased as subject exclusion increases. In contrast, LME models yield accurate, unbiased results even when subjects have low trial-counts, and are better able to detect real condition differences. We include tutorials and example code to facilitate LME analyses in future ERP research.
•Linear Mixed Effects models (LMEs) have advantages for event-related potential analyses.•For infant/child ERPs especially, LME is superior to traditional ANOVA models.•In simulated ERP data, ANOVAs returned biased results, but LME was unbiased.•In real, child ERP data, LME detected condition differences where ANOVA did not.•Tutorial and sample codes given to guide use of LMEs in future research. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Event-related potentials (ERPs) are advantageous for investigating cognitive development. However, their application in infants/children is challenging given children's difficulty in sitting through the multiple trials required in an ERP task. Thus, a large problem in developmental ERP research is high subject exclusion due to too few analyzable trials. Common analytic approaches (that involve averaging trials within subjects and excluding subjects with too few trials, as in ANOVA and linear regression) work around this problem, but do not mitigate it. Moreover, these practices can lead to inaccuracies in measuring neural signals. The greater the subject exclusion, the more problematic inaccuracies can be. We review recent developmental ERP studies to illustrate the prevalence of these issues. Critically, we demonstrate an alternative approach to ERP analysis-linear mixed effects (LME) modeling-which offers unique utility in developmental ERP research. We demonstrate with simulated and real ERP data from preschool children that commonly employed ANOVAs yield biased results that become more biased as subject exclusion increases. In contrast, LME models yield accurate, unbiased results even when subjects have low trial-counts, and are better able to detect real condition differences. We include tutorials and example code to facilitate LME analyses in future ERP research.Event-related potentials (ERPs) are advantageous for investigating cognitive development. However, their application in infants/children is challenging given children's difficulty in sitting through the multiple trials required in an ERP task. Thus, a large problem in developmental ERP research is high subject exclusion due to too few analyzable trials. Common analytic approaches (that involve averaging trials within subjects and excluding subjects with too few trials, as in ANOVA and linear regression) work around this problem, but do not mitigate it. Moreover, these practices can lead to inaccuracies in measuring neural signals. The greater the subject exclusion, the more problematic inaccuracies can be. We review recent developmental ERP studies to illustrate the prevalence of these issues. Critically, we demonstrate an alternative approach to ERP analysis-linear mixed effects (LME) modeling-which offers unique utility in developmental ERP research. We demonstrate with simulated and real ERP data from preschool children that commonly employed ANOVAs yield biased results that become more biased as subject exclusion increases. In contrast, LME models yield accurate, unbiased results even when subjects have low trial-counts, and are better able to detect real condition differences. We include tutorials and example code to facilitate LME analyses in future ERP research. Event-related potentials (ERPs) are advantageous for investigating cognitive development. However, their application in infants/children is challenging given children’s difficulty in sitting through the multiple trials required in an ERP task. Thus, a large problem in developmental ERP research is high subject exclusion due to too few analyzable trials. Common analytic approaches (that involve averaging trials within subjects and excluding subjects with too few trials, as in ANOVA and linear regression) work around this problem, but do not mitigate it. Moreover, these practices can lead to inaccuracies in measuring neural signals. The greater the subject exclusion, the more problematic inaccuracies can be. We review recent developmental ERP studies to illustrate the prevalence of these issues. Critically, we demonstrate an alternative approach to ERP analysis—linear mixed effects (LME) modeling—which offers unique utility in developmental ERP research. We demonstrate with simulated and real ERP data from preschool children that commonly employed ANOVAs yield biased results that become more biased as subject exclusion increases. In contrast, LME models yield accurate, unbiased results even when subjects have low trial-counts, and are better able to detect real condition differences. We include tutorials and example code to facilitate LME analyses in future ERP research. • Linear Mixed Effects models (LMEs) have advantages for event-related potential analyses. • For infant/child ERPs especially, LME is superior to traditional ANOVA models. • In simulated ERP data, ANOVAs returned biased results, but LME was unbiased. • In real, child ERP data, LME detected condition differences where ANOVA did not. • Tutorial and sample codes given to guide use of LMEs in future research. Event-related potentials (ERPs) are advantageous for investigating cognitive development. However, their application in infants/children is challenging given children’s difficulty in sitting through the multiple trials required in an ERP task. Thus, a large problem in developmental ERP research is high subject exclusion due to too few analyzable trials. Common analytic approaches (that involve averaging trials within subjects and excluding subjects with too few trials, as in ANOVA and linear regression) work around this problem, but do not mitigate it. Moreover, these practices can lead to inaccuracies in measuring neural signals. The greater the subject exclusion, the more problematic inaccuracies can be. We review recent developmental ERP studies to illustrate the prevalence of these issues. Critically, we demonstrate an alternative approach to ERP analysis—linear mixed effects (LME) modeling—which offers unique utility in developmental ERP research. We demonstrate with simulated and real ERP data from preschool children that commonly employed ANOVAs yield biased results that become more biased as subject exclusion increases. In contrast, LME models yield accurate, unbiased results even when subjects have low trial-counts, and are better able to detect real condition differences. We include tutorials and example code to facilitate LME analyses in future ERP research. •Linear Mixed Effects models (LMEs) have advantages for event-related potential analyses.•For infant/child ERPs especially, LME is superior to traditional ANOVA models.•In simulated ERP data, ANOVAs returned biased results, but LME was unbiased.•In real, child ERP data, LME detected condition differences where ANOVA did not.•Tutorial and sample codes given to guide use of LMEs in future research. Event-related potentials (ERPs) are advantageous for investigating cognitive development. However, their application in infants/children is challenging given children’s difficulty in sitting through the multiple trials required in an ERP task. Thus, a large problem in developmental ERP research is high subject exclusion due to too few analyzable trials. Common analytic approaches (that involve averaging trials within subjects and excluding subjects with too few trials, as in ANOVA and linear regression) work around this problem, but do not mitigate it. Moreover, these practices can lead to inaccuracies in measuring neural signals. The greater the subject exclusion, the more problematic inaccuracies can be. We review recent developmental ERP studies to illustrate the prevalence of these issues. Critically, we demonstrate an alternative approach to ERP analysis—linear mixed effects (LME) modeling—which offers unique utility in developmental ERP research. We demonstrate with simulated and real ERP data from preschool children that commonly employed ANOVAs yield biased results that become more biased as subject exclusion increases. In contrast, LME models yield accurate, unbiased results even when subjects have low trial-counts, and are better able to detect real condition differences. We include tutorials and example code to facilitate LME analyses in future ERP research. |
| ArticleNumber | 101070 |
| Author | Bowman, Lindsay C. Mon, Serena K. Heise, Megan J. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Megan J. surname: Heise fullname: Heise, Megan J. email: mjheise@ucdavis.edu organization: Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Serena K. surname: Mon fullname: Mon, Serena K. organization: Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Lindsay C. surname: Bowman fullname: Bowman, Lindsay C. organization: Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35395594$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqNUk1vEzEQXaEiWkp_ABfkI5eE9deuV0hIqOKjUiUu9GzNeseNI8cOttM2_x6HbSvKocIXe-z33oznzevmKMSATfOWtkva0u7DejmZsGQtY4e47dsXzQlVvVoMvO2PHs5s4MfNWc7rti4-dEywV80xl3yQchAnDV4V513Zk2iJdwEhkY27w4mgtWhKJps4oc_ExkTwBkNZJPRQKmAbSw0deJIwV55ZkVtXVsQFC6ESIUzErJyfEoY3zUsLPuPZ_X7aXH398vP8--Lyx7eL88-XCyNpXxadtGIUVDFrDY6j7JQVg2FgBjl2YIWlHUfKBQjLQQnK0LJWKpSocOJK8dPmYtadIqz1NrkNpL2O4PSfi5iuNaTijEfNRgYopx4MWtEqBM7YSA3rDDMw0qFqsVlrF7awvwXvHwVpqw8W6LWuFuiDBXq2oJI-zaTtbtzgZGqHEvgnlTx9CW6lr-ONVoPqO8mrwPt7gRR_7TAXvXHZoPcQMO6yZp1QahC1ERX67u9cj0kezK0AOgNMijkntP_1gf4fjnEFiouHcp1_lvlxZtZxwRuHSWfjMBicXKqTVB1wz7B_A8tq4VA |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroimage_2024_120893 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0033291723000466 crossref_primary_10_3390_s25051322 crossref_primary_10_1044_2024_JSLHR_23_00570 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cognition_2024_105878 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijpsycho_2023_112259 crossref_primary_10_1002_aur_3045 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNSRE_2022_3201487 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trf_2025_01_018 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dcn_2023_101201 crossref_primary_10_1080_87565641_2024_2403986 crossref_primary_10_1002_hbm_26398 crossref_primary_10_1093_scan_nsae063 crossref_primary_10_1093_scan_nsad078 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_brainres_2024_149030 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0287885 crossref_primary_10_1111_psyp_14733 crossref_primary_10_1111_psyp_14511 crossref_primary_10_1080_23273798_2023_2192509 crossref_primary_10_1111_psyp_14531 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_concog_2024_103720 crossref_primary_10_3390_life13020303 crossref_primary_10_1162_jocn_a_02225 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dcn_2024_101459 crossref_primary_10_1167_jov_24_7_8 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1037/met0000159 10.1080/10543406.2010.521874 10.2307/2981882 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02047 10.1136/emj.20.5.453 10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00076-4 10.1080/87565649409540561 10.1016/j.jsp.2009.10.001 10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101390 10.1177/1099800404267682 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01665.x 10.1162/089892902317236849 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.10.012 10.1016/S0163-6383(02)00146-7 10.1016/j.jml.2019.104038 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00320.x 10.1016/j.bandc.2006.10.002 10.1016/j.dcn.2012.03.004 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.08.001 10.1002/sim.7173 10.1037/a0014035 10.18637/jss.v067.i01 10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00175-6 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00480.x 10.18637/jss.v082.i13 10.1111/psyp.13049 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.04.004 10.1111/cdev.12543 10.1016/j.dcn.2013.12.001 10.1177/1740774508091600 10.1038/s41598-019-49627-7 10.1002/dev.10078 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.01.012 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1994.tb01736.x 10.1111/psyp.13044 10.1002/icd.1845 10.1016/0301-0511(80)90046-0 10.1002/dev.21860 10.1002/hbm.20376 10.1111/cdev.12982 10.1111/desc.12758 10.1080/87565640802564887 10.1093/scan/nsaa117 10.1111/psyp.12001 10.1016/S1388-2457(99)00006-1 10.1037/0033-2909.113.1.181 10.3758/s13428-016-0809-y 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.05.006 10.1007/s00265-010-1044-7 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00994.x 10.1111/psyp.13364 10.1080/87565641.2016.1243111 10.1111/psyp.13580 10.1111/desc.12570 10.3758/s13415-016-0467-7 10.1016/j.tree.2008.06.014 10.1037/a0020185 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.02.006 10.1207/s15327906mbr2301_4 10.1016/j.dcn.2012.01.003 10.4103/0972-6748.57865 10.1038/nn.3648 10.1080/03610919808813515 10.1080/10705519709540063 10.1007/s10803-006-0126-x 10.1037/1082-989X.12.2.121 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2012.01476.x 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100840 10.1177/0016986210363076 10.1509/jmkr.40.3.366.19237 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00903.x 10.1037/met0000228 10.3758/BF03193146 10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085530 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1951.tb00088.x 10.1111/2041-210X.13434 10.1016/S0167-8760(98)00015-4 10.1016/j.braindev.2009.04.001 10.1016/j.jml.2012.11.001 10.1111/psyp.13793 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.10.011 10.1017/S0954579405050315 10.1037/0012-1649.41.4.598 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02385.x 10.1093/biomet/63.3.581 10.1111/desc.12357 10.1177/1094428119877457 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00944.x 10.1207/s15327078in0901_2 10.1007/s10869-017-9491-z 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.02.009 10.21105/joss.02306 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.25.102802.124410 10.1016/j.jml.2017.01.001 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2022 The Authors Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. 2022 The Authors 2022 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2022 The Authors – notice: Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. – notice: 2022 The Authors 2022 |
| DBID | 6I. AAFTH AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 5PM ADTOC UNPAY DOA |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070 |
| DatabaseName | ScienceDirect Open Access Titles Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) Unpaywall for CDI: Periodical Content Unpaywall DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic MEDLINE |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 4 dbid: UNPAY name: Unpaywall url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://unpaywall.org/ sourceTypes: Open Access Repository |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Anatomy & Physiology |
| EISSN | 1878-9307 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_2b2ae5d7acef408ea322b1c26c2cab19 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070 PMC8987653 35395594 10_1016_j_dcn_2022_101070 S1878929322000147 |
| Genre | Journal Article Review Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: NINDS NIH HHS grantid: R43 NS067726 |
| GroupedDBID | --- --K .~1 0R~ 0SF 1B1 1~. 4.4 457 4G. 53G 5VS 6I. 7-5 AACTN AAEDW AAFTH AAIKJ AALRI AAQFI AAXUO ABCQJ ABIVO ABMAC ABVKL ACGFS ADBBV ADEZE ADVLN AEKER AENEX AEXQZ AFJKZ AFTJW AGHFR AGWIK AGYEJ AITUG AKRWK ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMRAJ BCNDV EBS EJD EP3 FDB FEDTE FIRID FNPLU GBLVA GROUPED_DOAJ HVGLF HZ~ IXB J1W KQ8 M41 M48 MO0 N9A NCXOZ O-L O9- OK1 P-8 P-9 PC. Q38 RIG ROL RPM SDF SES SSZ AAYWO AAYXX ACVFH ADCNI AEUPX AFPUW AIGII AKBMS AKYEP APXCP CITATION ~HD CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 5PM ADTOC UNPAY |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c517t-65f4b4182ffcebb568f49c2ac95b6af4f163e134a4f3a8412ef2058e5e8ed3883 |
| IEDL.DBID | M48 |
| ISSN | 1878-9293 1878-9307 |
| IngestDate | Fri Oct 03 12:44:31 EDT 2025 Sun Oct 26 04:16:50 EDT 2025 Tue Sep 30 16:52:32 EDT 2025 Sun Sep 28 07:36:53 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 05:46:10 EDT 2025 Wed Oct 01 03:21:47 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:03:35 EDT 2025 Sat Dec 14 16:15:05 EST 2024 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | Event-related potential Linear mixed effects ERP Negative central Multilevel models Emotion perception |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). cc-by-nc-nd |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c517t-65f4b4182ffcebb568f49c2ac95b6af4f163e134a4f3a8412ef2058e5e8ed3883 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070 |
| PMID | 35395594 |
| PQID | 2648894163 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_2b2ae5d7acef408ea322b1c26c2cab19 unpaywall_primary_10_1016_j_dcn_2022_101070 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8987653 proquest_miscellaneous_2648894163 pubmed_primary_35395594 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dcn_2022_101070 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_dcn_2022_101070 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_dcn_2022_101070 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2022-04-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2022-04-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 04 year: 2022 text: 2022-04-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Netherlands |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Netherlands |
| PublicationTitle | Developmental cognitive neuroscience |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Dev Cogn Neurosci |
| PublicationYear | 2022 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd Elsevier |
| Publisher_xml | – sequence: 0 name: Elsevier Ltd – name: Elsevier |
| References | Dennis, Malone, Chen (bib36) 2009; 34 actiCHamp (64 channels) [Apparatus], 2020c. Gilching, Germany: Brain Products GmbH. Schielzeth, Dingemanse, Nakagawa, Westneat, Allegue, Teplitsky, Réale, Dochtermann, Garamszegi, Araya‐Ajoy (bib111) 2020; 11 Antonakis, Bastardoz, Rönkkö (bib7) 2021; 24 Hoehl, Striano (bib59) 2010; 13 Luke (bib82) 2017; 49 Junge, Cutler, Hagroot (bib63) 2012; 50 Raghunathan (bib99) 2004; 25 arXiv. Rodríguez-Gómez, Romero-Ferreiro, Pozo, Hinojosa, Moreno (bib104) 2020; 15 Borgström, Torkildsen, von, Lindgren (bib17) 2016; 41 Song, Morgan, Turovets, Li, Davey, Govyadinov, Luu, Smith, Prior, Larson-Prior, Tucker (bib120) 2013; 3 Sur, Sinha (bib122) 2009; 18 Graham (bib50) 2009; 60 (bib2) 2019 Nakagawa, Freckleton (bib89) 2008; 23 Lopez-Calderon, Luck (bib79) 2014 Bar-Haim, Marshall, Fox, Schorr, Sordon-Salant (bib10) 2003; 54 Kutas, Hillyard (bib70) 1980; 11 Xie, McCormick, Westerlund, Bowman, Nelson (bib130) 2019; 22 Grossmann, Striano, Friederici (bib51) 2007; 64 Halit, de Haan, Johnson (bib56) 2003; 19 Aarts, Verhage, Veenvliet, Dolan, van der Sluis (bib1) 2014; 17 Di Lorenzo, van den Boomen, Kemner, Junge (bib37) 2020; 45 Smith, Crawford, Thomas, Reid (bib116) 2020; 58 Quinn, Doran, Reiss, Hoffman (bib97) 2010; 13 . Brush, Ehmann, Hajcak, Selby, Alderman (bib21) 2018; 3 Friedrich, Friederici (bib45) 2017; 20 de Haan (bib53) 2001 Reynolds, Richards (bib101) 2005; 41 Bliese, Maltarich, Hendricks (bib16) 2018; 33 Clayson, Brush, Hajcak (bib27) 2021; 165 Garson (bib47) 2013 Quadrelli, Conte, Cassia, Turati (bib95) 2019; 61 Baraldi, Enders (bib9) 2010; 48 Cicchetti, Curtis (bib24) 2005; 17 Psychology Software Tools, Inc, 2016. E-Prime (Version 3.0). Retrieved from R Core Team, 2019. R (Version 3.6.1.). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL Debener, Thorne, Schneider, Viola (bib30) 2010 Enders, Du, Keller (bib41) 2020; 25 BrainVision Recorder (Vers. 1.21.0303) [Software], 2020. Gilching, Germany: Brain Products GmbH. Moulson, Zeanah, Fox, Nelson (bib87) 2009; 45 Little, Lang, Wu, Rhemtulla (bib78) 2016 Irwin, McClelland (bib61) 2003; 40 Batty, Taylor (bib14) 2006; 9 Brusini, Dehaene-Lambertz, Dutat, Goffnet (bib22) 2016; 19 Enders, Tofighi (bib40) 2007; 12 Sankey, Weissfeld (bib109) 1998; 27 Kaplan (bib64) 1988; 23 Nezlek (bib92) 2012 Bates, D., Kliegl, R., Vasishth, S., Baayen, H., 2018. Parsimonious mixed models. arXiv. Baayen (bib8) 2012 Wiebe, Cheatham, Lukowski, Haight, Muehleck, Bauer (bib129) 2006; 9 Reynolds, Richards (bib102) 2019; 90 Carver, Dawson, Panagiotides, Meltzoff, McPartland, Gray, Munson (bib23) 2003; 42 Lahat, Walker, Lamm, Degnan, Henderson, Fox (bib72) 2014; 23 Brauer, Curtin (bib20) 2018; 23 Kungl, Bovenschen, Spangler (bib69) 2017; 8 Leppänen, Moulson, Vogel-Farley, Nelson (bib76) 2007; 78 Jones, Carley, Harrison (bib62) 2003; 20 Kuznetsova, Brockhoff, Christensen (bib71) 2017; 82 Finch, West, MacKinnon (bib44) 1997; 4 Berry, Tanovic, Joormann, Sanislow (bib15) 2019; 56 Volpert-Esmond, Page-Gould, Bartholow (bib126) 2021; 162 Higgins, White, Wood (bib58) 2008; 5 Kayser, Tenke, Nordby, Hammerborg, Hugdahl, Erdmann (bib66) 1997; 34 Krol, Pawlitzki, Lotte, Gramann, Zander (bib67) 2018; 309 Bates, Mächler, Bolker, Walker (bib12) 2015; 67 Schad, Vasishth, Hohenstein, Kliegl (bib110) 2020; 110 actiCAP slim [Apparatus], 2020a. Gilching, Germany: Brain Products GmbH. Lee, Carlin (bib74) 2017; 36 Naumann, Bayer, Dziobek (bib91) 2020 Sidak (bib113) 1967; 62 Volpert-Esmond, Merkle, Levsen, Ito, Bartholow (bib127) 2018; 55 Faul, Erdfelder, Lang, Buchner (bib42) 2007; 39 Stahl, Parise, Hoehl, Striano (bib121) 2010; 32 Cuevas, Bell (bib28) 2010; 46 Snyder, Webb, Nelson (bib118) 2002; 25 Nikkel, Karrer (bib93) 1994; 10 Matuschek, Kliegl, Vasishth, Baayen, Bates (bib84) 2017; 94 de Haan, Pascalis, Johnson (bib54) 2002; 14 Guy, Zieber, Richards (bib52) 2016; 87 Aitkin, Longford (bib6) 1986; 149 Barr, Levy, Scheepers, Tilly (bib11) 2013; 68 Taylor, McCarthy, Saliba, Degiovanni (bib123) 1999; 110 Zuur, Ieno, Walker, Saveliev, Smith (bib131) 2009 Raudenbush, Bryk (bib100) 2002 Webb, Dawson, Bernier, Panagiotides (bib128) 2006; 36 Roche-Labarbe, Aarabi, Kongolo, Gondry-Jouet, Dümpelmann, Grebe, Wallois (bib103) 2008; 29 Sanders, Zobel (bib108) 2012; 2 Shephard, Jackson, Groom (bib112) 2014; 7 D’Hondt, Lassonde, Thebault-Dagher, Bernier, Gravel, Vannasing, Beauchamp (bib29) 2017; 17 Demirtas, Doganay (bib35) 2012; 22 Duta, Styles, Plunkett (bib39) 2012; 2 Tottenham, Tanaka, Leon, McCarry, Nurse, Hare, Marcus, Westerlund, Casey, Nelson (bib125) 2009; 168 Musca, Kamiejski, Nugier, Méot, Er-rafiy, Brauer (bib88) 2011 ActiCap Snap [Apparatus], 2020b. Gilching, Germany: Brain Products GmbH. Nakagawa, Freckleton (bib90) 2011; 65 Huang, Zhao, Li, Yang, Cui, Gao, Si (bib60) 2019; 9 Royston (bib106) 1995; 44 Lang, Bradley, Cuthbert (bib73) 2008 DeBruine, Barr (bib32) 2021; 4 Decety, Meidenbauer, Cowell (bib33) 2018; 21 Gelman, Hill (bib48) 2007 Clawson, Clayson, Keith, Catron, Larson (bib25) 2017; 124 Rubin (bib107) 1976; 63 Luck, Stewart, Simmons, Rhemtulla (bib81) 2021; 58 Makowski, Ben-Shachar, Patil, Lüdecke (bib83) 2020; 5 Roth (bib105) 1994; 47 Clayson, Baldwin, Larson (bib26) 2013; 50 Lenth, R., 2021. Emmeans: Estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means. Retrieved from Quinn, Westerlund, Nelson (bib96) 2006; 17 Debnath, Buzzell, Morales, Bowers, Leach, Fox (bib31) 2020; 57 Frömer, Maier, Abdel Rahman (bib46) 2018 Luck (bib80) 2014 Todd, Lewis, Meusel, Zelazo (bib124) 2008; 46 Hämmerer, Li, Völkle, Müller, Lindenberger (bib57) 2013; 50 Snyder, Garza, Zolot, Kresse (bib119) 2010; 15 Snijders, Bosker (bib117) 2012 Krueger, Tian (bib68) 2004; 6 Simpson (bib114) 1951; 13 Gelman, Loken (bib49) 2013 de Haan, Belsky, Reid, Volein, Johnson (bib55) 2004; 45 Maxwell, Delaney (bib85) 1993; 113 McCoach, Adelson (bib86) 2010; 54 Doyle, J.A., Evans, A.C., 2018. What colour is neural noise Little, Rubin (bib77) 2002 Singmann, H., Bolker, B., Westfall, J., Aust, F., Ben-Shachar, M.S., 2021. afex: Analysis of factorial experiments. Retrieved from Delorme, Makeig (bib34) 2004; 134 Karrer, Karrer, Bloom, Chaney, Davis (bib65) 1998; 29 Boudewyn, Luck, Farrens, Kappenman (bib18) 2018; 55 Ferron, Hogarty, Dedrick, Hess, Niles, Kromrey (bib43) 2008 Higgins (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib58) 2008; 5 de Haan (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib55) 2004; 45 Clawson (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib25) 2017; 124 Musca (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib88) 2011 Kutas (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib70) 1980; 11 Di Lorenzo (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib37) 2020; 45 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib38 Antonakis (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib7) 2021; 24 Gelman (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib48) 2007 Tottenham (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib125) 2009; 168 Barr (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib11) 2013; 68 Irwin (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib61) 2003; 40 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib3 Delorme (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib34) 2004; 134 Clayson (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib27) 2021; 165 Brusini (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib22) 2016; 19 Baraldi (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib9) 2010; 48 Kaplan (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib64) 1988; 23 DeBruine (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib32) 2021; 4 Lahat (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib72) 2014; 23 Enders (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib40) 2007; 12 Finch (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib44) 1997; 4 Schielzeth (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib111) 2020; 11 Graham (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib50) 2009; 60 Zuur (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib131) 2009 Smith (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib116) 2020; 58 Kungl (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib69) 2017; 8 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib5 Little (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib78) 2016 Snijders (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib117) 2012 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib4 Clayson (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib26) 2013; 50 Roth (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib105) 1994; 47 Kuznetsova (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib71) 2017; 82 Nakagawa (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib90) 2011; 65 Guy (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib52) 2016; 87 Cuevas (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib28) 2010; 46 Xie (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib130) 2019; 22 Duta (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib39) 2012; 2 Aarts (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib1) 2014; 17 Quinn (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib97) 2010; 13 Berry (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib15) 2019; 56 Brauer (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib20) 2018; 23 Sankey (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib109) 1998; 27 Friedrich (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib45) 2017; 20 Jones (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib62) 2003; 20 Krol (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib67) 2018; 309 Krueger (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib68) 2004; 6 Frömer (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib46) 2018 Song (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib120) 2013; 3 Lopez-Calderon (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib79) 2014 Wiebe (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib129) 2006; 9 de Haan (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib54) 2002; 14 Moulson (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib87) 2009; 45 Lang (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib73) 2008 Maxwell (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib85) 1993; 113 Bar-Haim (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib10) 2003; 54 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib115 Borgström (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib17) 2016; 41 Royston (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib106) 1995; 44 Cicchetti (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib24) 2005; 17 Raghunathan (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib99) 2004; 25 Rubin (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib107) 1976; 63 Debener (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib30) 2010 Gelman (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib49) 2013 Matuschek (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib84) 2017; 94 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib75 Lee (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib74) 2017; 36 Boudewyn (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib18) 2018; 55 Demirtas (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib35) 2012; 22 Volpert-Esmond (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib127) 2018; 55 Faul (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib42) 2007; 39 Snyder (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib119) 2010; 15 Leppänen (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib76) 2007; 78 Karrer (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib65) 1998; 29 Nakagawa (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib89) 2008; 23 Aitkin (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib6) 1986; 149 Makowski (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib83) 2020; 5 Hoehl (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib59) 2010; 13 Webb (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib128) 2006; 36 Nezlek (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib92) 2012 Nikkel (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib93) 1994; 10 Enders (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib41) 2020; 25 Carver (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib23) 2003; 42 Junge (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib63) 2012; 50 Schad (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib110) 2020; 110 Volpert-Esmond (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib126) 2021; 162 Dennis (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib36) 2009; 34 Hämmerer (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib57) 2013; 50 Simpson (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib114) 1951; 13 Rodríguez-Gómez (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib104) 2020; 15 Debnath (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib31) 2020; 57 de Haan (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib53) 2001 Baayen (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib8) 2012 Luck (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib81) 2021; 58 Grossmann (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib51) 2007; 64 Naumann (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib91) 2020 Reynolds (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib101) 2005; 41 Stahl (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib121) 2010; 32 Bliese (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib16) 2018; 33 Quadrelli (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib95) 2019; 61 Sur (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib122) 2009; 18 Kayser (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib66) 1997; 34 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib13 Little (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib77) 2002 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib98 Sidak (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib113) 1967; 62 Luck (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib80) 2014 Sanders (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib108) 2012; 2 Batty (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib14) 2006; 9 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib19 Snyder (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib118) 2002; 25 McCoach (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib86) 2010; 54 D’Hondt (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib29) 2017; 17 Raudenbush (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib100) 2002 Brush (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib21) 2018; 3 Roche-Labarbe (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib103) 2008; 29 Reynolds (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib102) 2019; 90 (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib2) 2019 Shephard (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib112) 2014; 7 Taylor (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib123) 1999; 110 Ferron (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib43) 2008 Todd (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib124) 2008; 46 Decety (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib33) 2018; 21 Quinn (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib96) 2006; 17 Garson (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib47) 2013 Luke (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib82) 2017; 49 Halit (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib56) 2003; 19 Huang (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib60) 2019; 9 Bates (10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib12) 2015; 67 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib94 |
| References_xml | – reference: Psychology Software Tools, Inc, 2016. E-Prime (Version 3.0). Retrieved from – volume: 17 start-page: 124 year: 2017 end-page: 142 ident: bib29 article-title: Electrophysiological correlates of emotional face processing after mild traumatic brain injury in preschool children publication-title: Cogn., Affect., Behav. Neurosci. – volume: 90 start-page: 1027 year: 2019 end-page: 1042 ident: bib102 article-title: Infant visual attention and stimulus repetition effects on object recognition publication-title: Child Dev. – volume: 49 start-page: 1494 year: 2017 end-page: 1502 ident: bib82 article-title: Evaluating significance in linear mixed-effects models in R publication-title: Behav. Res. Methods – volume: 20 year: 2017 ident: bib45 article-title: The origins of word learning: Brain responses of 3-month-olds indicate their rapid association of objects and words publication-title: Dev. Sci. – year: 2019 ident: bib2 article-title: MATLAB (Release 2019a, Version 9.6.0.1072779) – reference: Singmann, H., Bolker, B., Westfall, J., Aust, F., Ben-Shachar, M.S., 2021. afex: Analysis of factorial experiments. Retrieved from – volume: 23 start-page: 592 year: 2008 end-page: 596 ident: bib89 article-title: Missing inaction: The dangers of ignoring missing data publication-title: Trends Ecol. Evol. – volume: 62 start-page: 626 year: 1967 end-page: 633 ident: bib113 article-title: Rectangular confidence regions for the means of multivariate normal distributions publication-title: J. Am. Stat. Assoc. – volume: 134 start-page: 9 year: 2004 end-page: 21 ident: bib34 article-title: EEGLAB: An open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis publication-title: J. Neurosci. Methods – year: 2014 ident: bib80 publication-title: An Introduction to the Event-related Potential Technique – volume: 25 start-page: 99 year: 2004 end-page: 117 ident: bib99 article-title: What do we do with missing data? Some options for analysis of incomplete data publication-title: Annu. Rev. Public Health – volume: 18 start-page: 70 year: 2009 end-page: 73 ident: bib122 article-title: Event-related potential: an overview publication-title: Ind. Psychiatry J. – start-page: 8 year: 2014 ident: bib79 article-title: ERPLAB: An open-source toolbox for the analysis of event-related potentials publication-title: Front. Hum. Neurosci. – volume: 17 start-page: 59 year: 2006 end-page: 66 ident: bib96 article-title: Neural markers of categorization in 6-month-old infants publication-title: Psychol. Sci. – volume: 19 start-page: 1180 year: 2003 end-page: 1193 ident: bib56 article-title: Cortical specialization for face processing: Face-sensitive event-related potential components in 3- and 12-month-old infants publication-title: NeuroImage – volume: 23 start-page: 69 year: 1988 end-page: 86 ident: bib64 article-title: The impact of specification error on the estimation, testing, and improvement of structural equation models publication-title: Multivar. Behav. Res. – volume: 64 start-page: 30 year: 2007 end-page: 41 ident: bib51 article-title: Developmental changes in infants’ processing of happy and angry facial expressions: a neurobehavioral study publication-title: Brain Cogn. – start-page: 219 year: 2012 end-page: 241 ident: bib92 article-title: Multilevel modeling for psychologists publication-title: APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology, Volume 3. Data Analysis and Research Publication – volume: 67 start-page: 1 year: 2015 end-page: 48 ident: bib12 article-title: Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4 publication-title: J. Stat. Softw. – volume: 39 start-page: 175 year: 2007 end-page: 191 ident: bib42 article-title: G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences publication-title: Behav. Res. Methods – volume: 65 start-page: 103 year: 2011 end-page: 116 ident: bib90 article-title: Model averaging, missing data and multiple imputation: A case study for behavioural ecology publication-title: Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. – volume: 11 start-page: 99 year: 1980 end-page: 116 ident: bib70 article-title: Event-related brain potentials to semantically inappropriate and surprisingly large words publication-title: Biol. Psychol. – volume: 6 start-page: 151 year: 2004 end-page: 157 ident: bib68 article-title: A comparison of the general linear mixed model and repeated measures ANOVA using a dataset with multiple missing data points publication-title: Biol. Res. Nurs. – volume: 9 start-page: 21 year: 2006 end-page: 44 ident: bib129 article-title: Infants’ ERP responses to novel and familiar stimuli change over time: implications for novelty detection and memory publication-title: Infancy – volume: 48 start-page: 5 year: 2010 end-page: 37 ident: bib9 article-title: An introduction to modern missing data analyses publication-title: J. Sch. Psychol. – start-page: 668 year: 2012 end-page: 677 ident: bib8 article-title: Mixed-effects models publication-title: The Oxford handbook of laboratory phonology – start-page: 391 year: 2008 end-page: 426 ident: bib43 article-title: Reporting results from multilevel analyses publication-title: Multilevel Modeling of Educational Data – volume: 56 year: 2019 ident: bib15 article-title: Relation of depression symptoms to sustained reward and loss sensitivity publication-title: Psychophysiology – volume: 54 start-page: 17 year: 2003 end-page: 24 ident: bib10 article-title: Mismatch negativity in socially withdrawn children publication-title: Biol. Psychiatry – volume: 162 start-page: 145 year: 2021 end-page: 156 ident: bib126 article-title: Using multilevel models for the analysis of event-related potentials publication-title: Int. J. Psychophysiol. – volume: 50 start-page: 174 year: 2013 end-page: 186 ident: bib26 article-title: How does noise affect amplitude and latency measurement of event-related potentials (ERPs)? A methodological critique and simulation study publication-title: Psychophysiology – volume: 17 start-page: 491 year: 2014 end-page: 496 ident: bib1 article-title: A solution to dependency: Using multilevel analysis to accommodate nested data publication-title: Nat. Neurosci. – volume: 3 start-page: 1032 year: 2018 end-page: 1039 ident: bib21 article-title: Using multilevel modeling to examine blunted neural responses to reward in major depression publication-title: Biol. Psychiatry. Cogn. Neurosci. Neuroimag. – volume: 36 start-page: 606 year: 2017 end-page: 617 ident: bib74 article-title: Multiple imputation in the presence of non-normal data publication-title: Stat. Med. – volume: 17 start-page: 641 year: 2005 end-page: 677 ident: bib24 article-title: An event-related potential study of the processing of affective facial expressions in young children who experienced maltreatment during the first year of life publication-title: Dev. Psychopathol. – volume: 24 start-page: 443 year: 2021 end-page: 483 ident: bib7 article-title: On ignoring the random effects assumption in multilevel models: Review, critique, and recommendations publication-title: Organ. Res. Methods – year: 2002 ident: bib77 publication-title: Statistical Analysis With Missing Data – volume: 5 start-page: 225 year: 2008 end-page: 239 ident: bib58 article-title: Imputation methods for missing outcome data in meta-analysis of clinical trials publication-title: Clin. Trials – volume: 13 start-page: 813 year: 2010 end-page: 825 ident: bib59 article-title: The development of emotional face and eye gaze processing publication-title: Dev. Sci. – volume: 45 year: 2020 ident: bib37 article-title: Charting development of ERP components on face-categorization: Results from a large longitudinal sample of infants publication-title: Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. – volume: 113 start-page: 181 year: 1993 end-page: 190 ident: bib85 article-title: Bivariate median splits and spurious statistical significance publication-title: Psychol. Bull. – volume: 9 start-page: 207 year: 2006 end-page: 220 ident: bib14 article-title: The development of emotional face processing during childhood publication-title: Dev. Sci. – volume: 55 year: 2018 ident: bib18 article-title: How many trials does it take to get a significant ERP effect? It depends publication-title: Psychophysiology – start-page: 121 year: 2010 end-page: 133 ident: bib30 article-title: Using ICA for the analysis of multi-channel EEG data publication-title: Simultaneous EEG and fMRI – volume: 50 start-page: 3702 year: 2012 end-page: 3712 ident: bib63 article-title: Electrophysiological evidence of early word learning publication-title: Neuropsychologia – volume: 55 year: 2018 ident: bib127 article-title: Using trial-level data and multilevel modeling to investigate within-task change in event-related potentials publication-title: Psychophysiology – start-page: 2 year: 2011 ident: bib88 article-title: Data with hierarchical structure: Impact of intraclass correlation and sample size on type-I error publication-title: Front. Psychol. – reference: actiCAP slim [Apparatus], 2020a. Gilching, Germany: Brain Products GmbH. – volume: 29 start-page: 167 year: 1998 end-page: 200 ident: bib65 article-title: Event-related brain potentials during an extended visual recognition memory task depict delayed development of cerebral inhibitory processes among 6-month-old infants with Down syndrome publication-title: Int. J. Psychophysiol. – reference: actiCHamp (64 channels) [Apparatus], 2020c. Gilching, Germany: Brain Products GmbH. – volume: 22 start-page: 223 year: 2012 end-page: 236 ident: bib35 article-title: Simultaneous generation of binary and normal data with specified marginal and association structures publication-title: J. Biopharm. Stat. – volume: 63 start-page: 581 year: 1976 end-page: 592 ident: bib107 article-title: Inference and missing data publication-title: Biometrika – year: 2009 ident: bib131 article-title: Mixed Effects Models and Extensions in Ecology with R – volume: 60 start-page: 549 year: 2009 end-page: 576 ident: bib50 article-title: Missing data analysis: Making it work in the real world publication-title: Annu. Rev. Psychol. – year: 2008 ident: bib73 article-title: International affective picture system (IAPS): Affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual publication-title: Technical Report A-8 – volume: 68 start-page: 255 year: 2013 end-page: 278 ident: bib11 article-title: Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: keep it maximal publication-title: J. Mem. Lang. – year: 2012 ident: bib117 publication-title: Multilevel Analysis: An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling – start-page: 12 year: 2018 ident: bib46 article-title: Group-level EEG-processing pipeline for flexible single trial-based analyses including linear mixed models publication-title: Front. Neurosci. – volume: 2 start-page: 223 year: 2012 end-page: 234 ident: bib39 article-title: ERP correlates of unexpected word forms in a Picture-Word study of infants and adults publication-title: Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. – volume: 21 year: 2018 ident: bib33 article-title: The development of cognitive empathy and concern in preschool children: A behavioral neuroscience investigation publication-title: Dev. Sci. – volume: 44 start-page: 547 year: 1995 end-page: 551 ident: bib106 article-title: Remark AS R94: a remark on Algorithm AS 181: The W-test for normality publication-title: J. R. Stat. Soc. S Ser. C. Appl. Stat. – volume: 34 start-page: 85 year: 2009 end-page: 102 ident: bib36 article-title: Emotional face processing and emotion regulation in children: An ERP study publication-title: Dev. Neuropsychol. – volume: 168 start-page: 242 year: 2009 end-page: 249 ident: bib125 article-title: The NimStim set of facial expressions: judgments from untrained research participants publication-title: Psychiatry Res. – reference: arXiv. – volume: 36 start-page: 881 year: 2006 end-page: 890 ident: bib128 article-title: ERP evidence of atypical face processing in young children with autism publication-title: J. Autism Dev. Disord. – volume: 13 start-page: 238 year: 1951 end-page: 241 ident: bib114 article-title: The interpretation of interaction in contingency tables publication-title: J. R. Stat. Soc., Ser. B Methodol. – reference: BrainVision Recorder (Vers. 1.21.0303) [Software], 2020. Gilching, Germany: Brain Products GmbH. – volume: 45 start-page: 17 year: 2009 end-page: 30 ident: bib87 article-title: Early adverse experiences and the neurobiology of facial emotion processing publication-title: Dev. Psychol. – volume: 14 start-page: 199 year: 2002 end-page: 209 ident: bib54 article-title: Specialization of neural mechanisms underlying face recognition in human infants publication-title: J. Cogn. Neurosci. – volume: 4 year: 2021 ident: bib32 article-title: Understanding mixed-effects models through data simulation publication-title: Adv. Methods Pract. Psychol. Sci. – volume: 41 start-page: 598 year: 2005 end-page: 615 ident: bib101 article-title: Familiarization, attention, and recognition memory in infancY: An Event-related potential and cortical source localization study publication-title: Dev. Psychol. – volume: 110 year: 2020 ident: bib110 article-title: How to capitalize on a priori contrasts in linear (mixed) models: a tutorial publication-title: J. Mem. Lang. – volume: 50 start-page: 111 year: 2013 end-page: 123 ident: bib57 article-title: A lifespan comparison of the reliability, test-retest stability, and signal-to-noise ratio of event-related potentials assessed during performance monitoring: Lifespan differences in ERP reliabilities publication-title: Psychophysiology – volume: 23 start-page: 389 year: 2018 end-page: 411 ident: bib20 article-title: Linear mixed-effects models and the analysis of nonindependent data: a unified framework to analyze categorical and continuous independent variables that vary within-subjects and/or within-items publication-title: Psychol. Methods – start-page: 760 year: 2016 end-page: 796 ident: bib78 article-title: Missing data publication-title: Developmental Psychopathology, Volume 1: Theory and Method – reference: ActiCap Snap [Apparatus], 2020b. Gilching, Germany: Brain Products GmbH. – volume: 110 start-page: 910 year: 1999 end-page: 915 ident: bib123 article-title: ERP evidence of developmental changes in processing of faces publication-title: Clin. Neurophysiol. – year: 2013 ident: bib47 article-title: Hierarchical linear modeling: Guide and applications – volume: 10 start-page: 1 year: 1994 end-page: 11 ident: bib93 article-title: Differential effects of experience on the ERP and behavior of 6–month‐old infants: trends during repeated stimulus presentations publication-title: Dev. Neuropsychol. – volume: 23 start-page: 273 year: 2014 end-page: 282 ident: bib72 article-title: Cognitive conflict links behavioural inhibition and social problem solving during social exclusion in childhood publication-title: Infant Child Dev. – volume: 12 start-page: 121 year: 2007 end-page: 138 ident: bib40 article-title: Centering predictor variables in cross-sectional multilevel models: a new look at an old issue publication-title: Psychol. Methods – volume: 58 year: 2021 ident: bib81 article-title: Standardized measurement error: a universal metric of data quality for averaged event-related potentials publication-title: Psychophysiology – start-page: 348 year: 2013 ident: bib49 article-title: The garden of forking paths: Why multiple comparisons can be a problem, even when there is no “fishing expedition“ or “p-hacking” and the research hypothesis was posited ahead of time publication-title: Dep. Stat., Columbia Univ. – reference: R Core Team, 2019. R (Version 3.6.1.). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL – volume: 3 start-page: 275 year: 2013 end-page: 293 ident: bib120 article-title: Anatomically accurate head models and their derivatives for dense array EEG source localization. publication-title: Rehabil., Ergon. – year: 2007 ident: bib48 article-title: Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/hierarchical Models – volume: 22 year: 2019 ident: bib130 article-title: Neural correlates of facial emotion processing in infancy publication-title: Dev. Sci. – year: 2002 ident: bib100 publication-title: Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods – volume: 54 start-page: 152 year: 2010 end-page: 155 ident: bib86 article-title: Dealing with dependence (part I): Understanding the effects of clustered data publication-title: Gift. Child Q. – volume: 8 start-page: 2047 year: 2017 ident: bib69 article-title: Early adverse caregiving experiences and preschoolers’ current attachment affect brain responses during facial familiarity processing: Aan ERP study publication-title: Front. Psychol. – volume: 25 start-page: 88 year: 2020 end-page: 112 ident: bib41 article-title: A model-based imputation procedure for multilevel regression models with random coefficients, interaction effects, and nonlinear terms publication-title: Psychol. Methods – volume: 15 start-page: 928 year: 2020 end-page: 940 ident: bib104 article-title: Facing stereotypes: ERP responses to male and female faces after gender-stereotyped statements publication-title: Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. – volume: 34 start-page: 414 year: 1997 end-page: 426 ident: bib66 article-title: Event-related potential (ERP) asymmetries to emotional stimuli in a visual half-field paradigm publication-title: Psychophysiology – volume: 82 year: 2017 ident: bib71 article-title: lmerTest Package: Tests in linear mixed effects models publication-title: J. Stat. Softw. – volume: 25 start-page: 466 year: 2002 end-page: 494 ident: bib118 article-title: Theoretical and methodological implications of variability in infant brain response during a recognition memory paradigm publication-title: Infant Behav. Dev. – volume: 20 start-page: 453 year: 2003 end-page: 458 ident: bib62 article-title: An introduction to power and sample size estimation publication-title: Emerg. Med. J. – volume: 15 start-page: 487 year: 2010 end-page: 516 ident: bib119 article-title: Electrophysiological signals of familiarity and recency in the infant brain publication-title: Off. J. Int. Soc. Infant Stud. – volume: 45 start-page: 1209 year: 2004 end-page: 1218 ident: bib55 article-title: Maternal personality and infants’ neural and visual responsivity to facial expressions of emotion publication-title: J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry – volume: 13 start-page: 499 year: 2010 end-page: 507 ident: bib97 article-title: Neural markers of subordinate-level categorization in 6- to 7-month-old infants publication-title: Dev. Sci. – volume: 94 start-page: 305 year: 2017 end-page: 315 ident: bib84 article-title: Balancing Type I error and power in linear mixed models publication-title: J. Mem. Lang. – volume: 47 start-page: 537 year: 1994 end-page: 560 ident: bib105 article-title: Missing data: a conceptual review for applied psychologists publication-title: Pers. Psychol. – volume: 29 start-page: 167 year: 2008 end-page: 176 ident: bib103 article-title: High-resolution electroencephalography and source localization in neonates publication-title: Hum. Brain Mapp. – volume: 309 start-page: 13 year: 2018 end-page: 24 ident: bib67 article-title: SEREEGA: simulating event-related EEG activity publication-title: J. Neurosci. Methods – volume: 7 start-page: 94 year: 2014 end-page: 105 ident: bib112 article-title: Learning and altering behaviours by reinforcement: neurocognitive differences between children and adults publication-title: Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. – volume: 4 start-page: 87 year: 1997 end-page: 107 ident: bib44 article-title: Effects of sample size and normality on the estimation of mediated effects in latent variable models publication-title: Struct. Equ. Model. – start-page: 381 year: 2001 end-page: 398 ident: bib53 article-title: The neuropsychology of face processing during infancy and childhood publication-title: Handbook of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience – volume: 46 start-page: 1363 year: 2010 ident: bib28 article-title: Developmental progression of looking and reaching performance on the A-not-B task publication-title: Dev. Psychol. – volume: 149 start-page: 1 year: 1986 end-page: 43 ident: bib6 article-title: Statistical modelling issues in school effectiveness studies publication-title: J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A Gen. – volume: 61 start-page: 843 year: 2019 end-page: 858 ident: bib95 article-title: Emotion in motion: Facial dynamics affect infants’ neural processing of emotions publication-title: Dev. Psychobiol. – reference: Lenth, R., 2021. Emmeans: Estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means. Retrieved from – volume: 11 start-page: 1141 year: 2020 end-page: 1152 ident: bib111 article-title: Robustness of linear mixed-effects models to violations of distributional assumptions publication-title: Methods Ecol. Evol. – reference: Bates, D., Kliegl, R., Vasishth, S., Baayen, H., 2018. Parsimonious mixed models. arXiv. – volume: 32 start-page: 305 year: 2010 end-page: 317 ident: bib121 article-title: Eye contact and emotional face processing in 6-month-old infants: Advanced statistical methods applied to event-related potentials publication-title: Brain Dev. – volume: 40 start-page: 366 year: 2003 end-page: 371 ident: bib61 article-title: Negative consequences of dichotomizing continuous predictor variables publication-title: J. Mark. Res. – volume: 41 start-page: 308 year: 2016 end-page: 323 ident: bib17 article-title: Visual event-related potentials to novel objects predict rapid word learning ability in 20-month-olds publication-title: Dev. Neuropsychol. – volume: 33 start-page: 1 year: 2018 end-page: 23 ident: bib16 article-title: Back to basics with mixed-effects models: nine take-away points publication-title: J. Bus. Psychol. – volume: 5 start-page: 2306 year: 2020 ident: bib83 article-title: Methods and algorithms for correlation analysis in R publication-title: J. Open Source Softw. – volume: 2 start-page: 317 year: 2012 end-page: 328 ident: bib108 article-title: Nonverbal spatially selective attention in 4- and 5-year-old children publication-title: Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. – reference: . – year: 2020 ident: bib91 article-title: Preschoolers’ sensitivity to emotional facial expressions and their repetition: An ERP study publication-title: PsyArXiv – volume: 27 start-page: 871 year: 1998 end-page: 887 ident: bib109 article-title: A study of the effect of dichotomizing ordinal data upon modeling publication-title: Commun. Stat. Simul. Comput. – volume: 78 start-page: 232 year: 2007 end-page: 245 ident: bib76 article-title: An ERP study of emotional face processing in the adult and infant brain publication-title: Child Dev. – reference: Doyle, J.A., Evans, A.C., 2018. What colour is neural noise – volume: 124 start-page: 87 year: 2017 end-page: 99 ident: bib25 article-title: Conflict and performance monitoring throughout the lifespan: An event-related potential (ERP) and temporospatial component analysis publication-title: Biol. Psychol. – volume: 58 year: 2020 ident: bib116 article-title: The influence of maternal schizotypy on the perception of facial emotional expressions during infancy: an event-related potential study publication-title: Infant Behav. Dev. – volume: 87 start-page: 1581 year: 2016 end-page: 1600 ident: bib52 article-title: The cortical development of specialized face processing in infancy publication-title: Child Dev. – volume: 42 start-page: 148 year: 2003 end-page: 159 ident: bib23 article-title: Age-related differences in neural correlates of face recognition during the toddler and preschool years publication-title: Dev. Psychobiol. – volume: 46 start-page: 595 year: 2008 end-page: 613 ident: bib124 article-title: The time course of social-emotional processing in early childhood: ERP responses to facial affect and personal familiarity in a Go-Nogo task publication-title: Neuropsychologia – volume: 165 start-page: 121 year: 2021 end-page: 136 ident: bib27 article-title: Data quality and reliability metrics for event-related potentials (ERPs): The utility of subject-level reliability publication-title: Int. J. Psychophysiol. – volume: 57 year: 2020 ident: bib31 article-title: The Maryland analysis of developmental EEG (MADE) pipeline publication-title: Psychophysiology – volume: 9 start-page: 13283 year: 2019 ident: bib60 article-title: Arithmetic skill may refine the performance of individuals with high math anxiety, especially in the calculation task: an ERP study publication-title: Sci. Rep. – volume: 19 start-page: 164 year: 2016 end-page: 173 ident: bib22 article-title: ERP evidence for on-line syntactic computations in 2-year-olds publication-title: Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. – volume: 23 start-page: 389 issue: 3 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib20 article-title: Linear mixed-effects models and the analysis of nonindependent data: a unified framework to analyze categorical and continuous independent variables that vary within-subjects and/or within-items publication-title: Psychol. Methods doi: 10.1037/met0000159 – volume: 22 start-page: 223 issue: 2 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib35 article-title: Simultaneous generation of binary and normal data with specified marginal and association structures publication-title: J. Biopharm. Stat. doi: 10.1080/10543406.2010.521874 – volume: 149 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 1986 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib6 article-title: Statistical modelling issues in school effectiveness studies publication-title: J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A Gen. doi: 10.2307/2981882 – volume: 8 start-page: 2047 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib69 article-title: Early adverse caregiving experiences and preschoolers’ current attachment affect brain responses during facial familiarity processing: Aan ERP study publication-title: Front. Psychol. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02047 – start-page: 2 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib88 article-title: Data with hierarchical structure: Impact of intraclass correlation and sample size on type-I error publication-title: Front. Psychol. – ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib75 – ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib98 – volume: 20 start-page: 453 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib62 article-title: An introduction to power and sample size estimation publication-title: Emerg. Med. J. doi: 10.1136/emj.20.5.453 – volume: 19 start-page: 1180 issue: 3 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib56 article-title: Cortical specialization for face processing: Face-sensitive event-related potential components in 3- and 12-month-old infants publication-title: NeuroImage doi: 10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00076-4 – volume: 10 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib93 article-title: Differential effects of experience on the ERP and behavior of 6–month‐old infants: trends during repeated stimulus presentations publication-title: Dev. Neuropsychol. doi: 10.1080/87565649409540561 – volume: 48 start-page: 5 issue: 1 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib9 article-title: An introduction to modern missing data analyses publication-title: J. Sch. Psychol. doi: 10.1016/j.jsp.2009.10.001 – volume: 3 start-page: 1032 issue: 12 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib21 article-title: Using multilevel modeling to examine blunted neural responses to reward in major depression publication-title: Biol. Psychiatry. Cogn. Neurosci. Neuroimag. – volume: 58 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib116 article-title: The influence of maternal schizotypy on the perception of facial emotional expressions during infancy: an event-related potential study publication-title: Infant Behav. Dev. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101390 – year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib73 article-title: International affective picture system (IAPS): Affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual – volume: 6 start-page: 151 issue: 2 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib68 article-title: A comparison of the general linear mixed model and repeated measures ANOVA using a dataset with multiple missing data points publication-title: Biol. Res. Nurs. doi: 10.1177/1099800404267682 – volume: 17 start-page: 59 issue: 1 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib96 article-title: Neural markers of categorization in 6-month-old infants publication-title: Psychol. Sci. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01665.x – volume: 14 start-page: 199 issue: 2 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib54 article-title: Specialization of neural mechanisms underlying face recognition in human infants publication-title: J. Cogn. Neurosci. doi: 10.1162/089892902317236849 – volume: 50 start-page: 3702 issue: 14 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib63 article-title: Electrophysiological evidence of early word learning publication-title: Neuropsychologia doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.10.012 – volume: 25 start-page: 466 issue: 4 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib118 article-title: Theoretical and methodological implications of variability in infant brain response during a recognition memory paradigm publication-title: Infant Behav. Dev. doi: 10.1016/S0163-6383(02)00146-7 – year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib48 – ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib5 – start-page: 121 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib30 article-title: Using ICA for the analysis of multi-channel EEG data – volume: 110 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib110 article-title: How to capitalize on a priori contrasts in linear (mixed) models: a tutorial publication-title: J. Mem. Lang. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2019.104038 – volume: 45 start-page: 1209 issue: 7 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib55 article-title: Maternal personality and infants’ neural and visual responsivity to facial expressions of emotion publication-title: J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00320.x – volume: 64 start-page: 30 issue: 1 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib51 article-title: Developmental changes in infants’ processing of happy and angry facial expressions: a neurobehavioral study publication-title: Brain Cogn. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2006.10.002 – volume: 2 start-page: 317 issue: 3 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib108 article-title: Nonverbal spatially selective attention in 4- and 5-year-old children publication-title: Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2012.03.004 – volume: 309 start-page: 13 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib67 article-title: SEREEGA: simulating event-related EEG activity publication-title: J. Neurosci. Methods doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.08.001 – volume: 36 start-page: 606 issue: 4 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib74 article-title: Multiple imputation in the presence of non-normal data publication-title: Stat. Med. doi: 10.1002/sim.7173 – volume: 45 start-page: 17 issue: 1 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib87 article-title: Early adverse experiences and the neurobiology of facial emotion processing publication-title: Dev. Psychol. doi: 10.1037/a0014035 – volume: 67 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib12 article-title: Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4 publication-title: J. Stat. Softw. doi: 10.18637/jss.v067.i01 – volume: 54 start-page: 17 issue: 1 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib10 article-title: Mismatch negativity in socially withdrawn children publication-title: Biol. Psychiatry doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00175-6 – volume: 9 start-page: 207 issue: 2 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib14 article-title: The development of emotional face processing during childhood publication-title: Dev. Sci. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00480.x – volume: 82 issue: 13 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib71 article-title: lmerTest Package: Tests in linear mixed effects models publication-title: J. Stat. Softw. doi: 10.18637/jss.v082.i13 – volume: 55 issue: 6 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib18 article-title: How many trials does it take to get a significant ERP effect? It depends publication-title: Psychophysiology doi: 10.1111/psyp.13049 – volume: 165 start-page: 121 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib27 article-title: Data quality and reliability metrics for event-related potentials (ERPs): The utility of subject-level reliability publication-title: Int. J. Psychophysiol. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.04.004 – volume: 87 start-page: 1581 issue: 5 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib52 article-title: The cortical development of specialized face processing in infancy publication-title: Child Dev. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12543 – volume: 7 start-page: 94 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib112 article-title: Learning and altering behaviours by reinforcement: neurocognitive differences between children and adults publication-title: Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2013.12.001 – volume: 5 start-page: 225 issue: 3 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib58 article-title: Imputation methods for missing outcome data in meta-analysis of clinical trials publication-title: Clin. Trials doi: 10.1177/1740774508091600 – volume: 9 start-page: 13283 issue: 1 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib60 article-title: Arithmetic skill may refine the performance of individuals with high math anxiety, especially in the calculation task: an ERP study publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49627-7 – volume: 42 start-page: 148 issue: 2 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib23 article-title: Age-related differences in neural correlates of face recognition during the toddler and preschool years publication-title: Dev. Psychobiol. doi: 10.1002/dev.10078 – volume: 124 start-page: 87 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib25 article-title: Conflict and performance monitoring throughout the lifespan: An event-related potential (ERP) and temporospatial component analysis publication-title: Biol. Psychol. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.01.012 – start-page: 391 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib43 article-title: Reporting results from multilevel analyses – volume: 47 start-page: 537 issue: 3 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib105 article-title: Missing data: a conceptual review for applied psychologists publication-title: Pers. Psychol. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1994.tb01736.x – volume: 55 issue: 5 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib127 article-title: Using trial-level data and multilevel modeling to investigate within-task change in event-related potentials publication-title: Psychophysiology doi: 10.1111/psyp.13044 – volume: 23 start-page: 273 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib72 article-title: Cognitive conflict links behavioural inhibition and social problem solving during social exclusion in childhood publication-title: Infant Child Dev. doi: 10.1002/icd.1845 – volume: 11 start-page: 99 issue: 2 year: 1980 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib70 article-title: Event-related brain potentials to semantically inappropriate and surprisingly large words publication-title: Biol. Psychol. doi: 10.1016/0301-0511(80)90046-0 – ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib19 – volume: 61 start-page: 843 issue: 6 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib95 article-title: Emotion in motion: Facial dynamics affect infants’ neural processing of emotions publication-title: Dev. Psychobiol. doi: 10.1002/dev.21860 – volume: 29 start-page: 167 issue: 2 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib103 article-title: High-resolution electroencephalography and source localization in neonates publication-title: Hum. Brain Mapp. doi: 10.1002/hbm.20376 – volume: 90 start-page: 1027 issue: 4 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib102 article-title: Infant visual attention and stimulus repetition effects on object recognition publication-title: Child Dev. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12982 – volume: 22 issue: 3 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib130 article-title: Neural correlates of facial emotion processing in infancy publication-title: Dev. Sci. doi: 10.1111/desc.12758 – year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib77 – volume: 34 start-page: 85 issue: 1 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib36 article-title: Emotional face processing and emotion regulation in children: An ERP study publication-title: Dev. Neuropsychol. doi: 10.1080/87565640802564887 – volume: 15 start-page: 928 issue: 9 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib104 article-title: Facing stereotypes: ERP responses to male and female faces after gender-stereotyped statements publication-title: Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsaa117 – volume: 50 start-page: 174 issue: 2 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib26 article-title: How does noise affect amplitude and latency measurement of event-related potentials (ERPs)? A methodological critique and simulation study publication-title: Psychophysiology doi: 10.1111/psyp.12001 – ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib3 – volume: 110 start-page: 910 issue: 5 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib123 article-title: ERP evidence of developmental changes in processing of faces publication-title: Clin. Neurophysiol. doi: 10.1016/S1388-2457(99)00006-1 – volume: 113 start-page: 181 issue: 1 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib85 article-title: Bivariate median splits and spurious statistical significance publication-title: Psychol. Bull. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.113.1.181 – volume: 49 start-page: 1494 issue: 4 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib82 article-title: Evaluating significance in linear mixed-effects models in R publication-title: Behav. Res. Methods doi: 10.3758/s13428-016-0809-y – start-page: 668 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib8 article-title: Mixed-effects models – volume: 168 start-page: 242 issue: 3 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib125 article-title: The NimStim set of facial expressions: judgments from untrained research participants publication-title: Psychiatry Res. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.05.006 – volume: 15 start-page: 487 issue: 5 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib119 article-title: Electrophysiological signals of familiarity and recency in the infant brain publication-title: Off. J. Int. Soc. Infant Stud. – start-page: 348 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib49 article-title: The garden of forking paths: Why multiple comparisons can be a problem, even when there is no “fishing expedition“ or “p-hacking” and the research hypothesis was posited ahead of time publication-title: Dep. Stat., Columbia Univ. – volume: 65 start-page: 103 issue: 1 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib90 article-title: Model averaging, missing data and multiple imputation: A case study for behavioural ecology publication-title: Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. doi: 10.1007/s00265-010-1044-7 – start-page: 219 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib92 article-title: Multilevel modeling for psychologists – volume: 62 start-page: 626 issue: 318 year: 1967 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib113 article-title: Rectangular confidence regions for the means of multivariate normal distributions publication-title: J. Am. Stat. Assoc. – volume: 78 start-page: 232 issue: 1 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib76 article-title: An ERP study of emotional face processing in the adult and infant brain publication-title: Child Dev. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00994.x – year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib131 – ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib94 – volume: 56 issue: 7 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib15 article-title: Relation of depression symptoms to sustained reward and loss sensitivity publication-title: Psychophysiology doi: 10.1111/psyp.13364 – volume: 41 start-page: 308 issue: 5–8 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib17 article-title: Visual event-related potentials to novel objects predict rapid word learning ability in 20-month-olds publication-title: Dev. Neuropsychol. doi: 10.1080/87565641.2016.1243111 – volume: 57 issue: 6 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib31 article-title: The Maryland analysis of developmental EEG (MADE) pipeline publication-title: Psychophysiology doi: 10.1111/psyp.13580 – ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib4 – volume: 21 issue: 3 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib33 article-title: The development of cognitive empathy and concern in preschool children: A behavioral neuroscience investigation publication-title: Dev. Sci. doi: 10.1111/desc.12570 – ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib13 – volume: 17 start-page: 124 issue: 1 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib29 article-title: Electrophysiological correlates of emotional face processing after mild traumatic brain injury in preschool children publication-title: Cogn., Affect., Behav. Neurosci. doi: 10.3758/s13415-016-0467-7 – year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib80 – volume: 23 start-page: 592 issue: 11 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib89 article-title: Missing inaction: The dangers of ignoring missing data publication-title: Trends Ecol. Evol. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2008.06.014 – volume: 46 start-page: 1363 issue: 5 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib28 article-title: Developmental progression of looking and reaching performance on the A-not-B task publication-title: Dev. Psychol. doi: 10.1037/a0020185 – volume: 162 start-page: 145 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib126 article-title: Using multilevel models for the analysis of event-related potentials publication-title: Int. J. Psychophysiol. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.02.006 – volume: 23 start-page: 69 issue: 1 year: 1988 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib64 article-title: The impact of specification error on the estimation, testing, and improvement of structural equation models publication-title: Multivar. Behav. Res. doi: 10.1207/s15327906mbr2301_4 – year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib2 – volume: 2 start-page: 223 issue: 2 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib39 article-title: ERP correlates of unexpected word forms in a Picture-Word study of infants and adults publication-title: Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2012.01.003 – year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib117 – start-page: 760 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib78 article-title: Missing data – year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib91 article-title: Preschoolers’ sensitivity to emotional facial expressions and their repetition: An ERP study publication-title: PsyArXiv – year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib100 – volume: 18 start-page: 70 issue: 1 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib122 article-title: Event-related potential: an overview publication-title: Ind. Psychiatry J. doi: 10.4103/0972-6748.57865 – volume: 17 start-page: 491 issue: 4 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib1 article-title: A solution to dependency: Using multilevel analysis to accommodate nested data publication-title: Nat. Neurosci. doi: 10.1038/nn.3648 – volume: 27 start-page: 871 issue: 4 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib109 article-title: A study of the effect of dichotomizing ordinal data upon modeling publication-title: Commun. Stat. Simul. Comput. doi: 10.1080/03610919808813515 – volume: 4 start-page: 87 issue: 2 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib44 article-title: Effects of sample size and normality on the estimation of mediated effects in latent variable models publication-title: Struct. Equ. Model. doi: 10.1080/10705519709540063 – volume: 36 start-page: 881 issue: 7 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib128 article-title: ERP evidence of atypical face processing in young children with autism publication-title: J. Autism Dev. Disord. doi: 10.1007/s10803-006-0126-x – volume: 12 start-page: 121 issue: 2 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib40 article-title: Centering predictor variables in cross-sectional multilevel models: a new look at an old issue publication-title: Psychol. Methods doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.12.2.121 – year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib47 – volume: 50 start-page: 111 issue: 1 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib57 article-title: A lifespan comparison of the reliability, test-retest stability, and signal-to-noise ratio of event-related potentials assessed during performance monitoring: Lifespan differences in ERP reliabilities publication-title: Psychophysiology doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2012.01476.x – volume: 45 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib37 article-title: Charting development of ERP components on face-categorization: Results from a large longitudinal sample of infants publication-title: Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100840 – volume: 54 start-page: 152 issue: 2 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib86 article-title: Dealing with dependence (part I): Understanding the effects of clustered data publication-title: Gift. Child Q. doi: 10.1177/0016986210363076 – volume: 40 start-page: 366 issue: 3 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib61 article-title: Negative consequences of dichotomizing continuous predictor variables publication-title: J. Mark. Res. doi: 10.1509/jmkr.40.3.366.19237 – volume: 13 start-page: 499 issue: 3 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib97 article-title: Neural markers of subordinate-level categorization in 6- to 7-month-old infants publication-title: Dev. Sci. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00903.x – volume: 44 start-page: 547 issue: 4 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib106 article-title: Remark AS R94: a remark on Algorithm AS 181: The W-test for normality publication-title: J. R. Stat. Soc. S Ser. C. Appl. Stat. – volume: 25 start-page: 88 issue: 1 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib41 article-title: A model-based imputation procedure for multilevel regression models with random coefficients, interaction effects, and nonlinear terms publication-title: Psychol. Methods doi: 10.1037/met0000228 – volume: 39 start-page: 175 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib42 article-title: G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences publication-title: Behav. Res. Methods doi: 10.3758/BF03193146 – volume: 60 start-page: 549 issue: 1 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib50 article-title: Missing data analysis: Making it work in the real world publication-title: Annu. Rev. Psychol. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085530 – volume: 13 start-page: 238 issue: 2 year: 1951 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib114 article-title: The interpretation of interaction in contingency tables publication-title: J. R. Stat. Soc., Ser. B Methodol. doi: 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1951.tb00088.x – volume: 11 start-page: 1141 issue: 9 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib111 article-title: Robustness of linear mixed-effects models to violations of distributional assumptions publication-title: Methods Ecol. Evol. doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.13434 – volume: 3 start-page: 275 issue: 2–3 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib120 article-title: Anatomically accurate head models and their derivatives for dense array EEG source localization. Functional Neurology publication-title: Rehabil., Ergon. – start-page: 12 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib46 article-title: Group-level EEG-processing pipeline for flexible single trial-based analyses including linear mixed models publication-title: Front. Neurosci. – volume: 29 start-page: 167 issue: 2 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib65 article-title: Event-related brain potentials during an extended visual recognition memory task depict delayed development of cerebral inhibitory processes among 6-month-old infants with Down syndrome publication-title: Int. J. Psychophysiol. doi: 10.1016/S0167-8760(98)00015-4 – volume: 32 start-page: 305 issue: 4 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib121 article-title: Eye contact and emotional face processing in 6-month-old infants: Advanced statistical methods applied to event-related potentials publication-title: Brain Dev. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2009.04.001 – ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib38 – volume: 68 start-page: 255 issue: 3 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib11 article-title: Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: keep it maximal publication-title: J. Mem. Lang. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2012.11.001 – volume: 58 issue: 6 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib81 article-title: Standardized measurement error: a universal metric of data quality for averaged event-related potentials publication-title: Psychophysiology doi: 10.1111/psyp.13793 – volume: 46 start-page: 595 issue: 2 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib124 article-title: The time course of social-emotional processing in early childhood: ERP responses to facial affect and personal familiarity in a Go-Nogo task publication-title: Neuropsychologia doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.10.011 – volume: 17 start-page: 641 issue: 3 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib24 article-title: An event-related potential study of the processing of affective facial expressions in young children who experienced maltreatment during the first year of life publication-title: Dev. Psychopathol. doi: 10.1017/S0954579405050315 – volume: 41 start-page: 598 issue: 4 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib101 article-title: Familiarization, attention, and recognition memory in infancY: An Event-related potential and cortical source localization study publication-title: Dev. Psychol. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.41.4.598 – volume: 34 start-page: 414 issue: 4 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib66 article-title: Event-related potential (ERP) asymmetries to emotional stimuli in a visual half-field paradigm publication-title: Psychophysiology doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02385.x – volume: 63 start-page: 581 issue: 3 year: 1976 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib107 article-title: Inference and missing data publication-title: Biometrika doi: 10.1093/biomet/63.3.581 – volume: 20 issue: 2 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib45 article-title: The origins of word learning: Brain responses of 3-month-olds indicate their rapid association of objects and words publication-title: Dev. Sci. doi: 10.1111/desc.12357 – volume: 24 start-page: 443 issue: 2 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib7 article-title: On ignoring the random effects assumption in multilevel models: Review, critique, and recommendations publication-title: Organ. Res. Methods doi: 10.1177/1094428119877457 – volume: 13 start-page: 813 issue: 6 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib59 article-title: The development of emotional face and eye gaze processing publication-title: Dev. Sci. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00944.x – volume: 9 start-page: 21 issue: 1 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib129 article-title: Infants’ ERP responses to novel and familiar stimuli change over time: implications for novelty detection and memory publication-title: Infancy doi: 10.1207/s15327078in0901_2 – volume: 33 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib16 article-title: Back to basics with mixed-effects models: nine take-away points publication-title: J. Bus. Psychol. doi: 10.1007/s10869-017-9491-z – volume: 134 start-page: 9 issue: 1 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib34 article-title: EEGLAB: An open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis publication-title: J. Neurosci. Methods doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009 – start-page: 381 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib53 article-title: The neuropsychology of face processing during infancy and childhood – volume: 19 start-page: 164 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib22 article-title: ERP evidence for on-line syntactic computations in 2-year-olds publication-title: Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.02.009 – start-page: 8 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib79 article-title: ERPLAB: An open-source toolbox for the analysis of event-related potentials publication-title: Front. Hum. Neurosci. – ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib115 – volume: 5 start-page: 2306 issue: 51 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib83 article-title: Methods and algorithms for correlation analysis in R publication-title: J. Open Source Softw. doi: 10.21105/joss.02306 – volume: 4 issue: 1 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib32 article-title: Understanding mixed-effects models through data simulation publication-title: Adv. Methods Pract. Psychol. Sci. – volume: 25 start-page: 99 issue: 1 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib99 article-title: What do we do with missing data? Some options for analysis of incomplete data publication-title: Annu. Rev. Public Health doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.25.102802.124410 – volume: 94 start-page: 305 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070_bib84 article-title: Balancing Type I error and power in linear mixed models publication-title: J. Mem. Lang. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2017.01.001 |
| SSID | ssj0000396242 |
| Score | 2.440616 |
| SecondaryResourceType | review_article |
| Snippet | Event-related potentials (ERPs) are advantageous for investigating cognitive development. However, their application in infants/children is challenging given... |
| SourceID | doaj unpaywall pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 101070 |
| SubjectTerms | Child, Preschool Electroencephalography - methods Emotion perception ERP Event-related potential Evoked Potentials Humans Linear mixed effects Linear Models Multilevel models Negative central Original Research |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3Pb9MwFLbQLnBBwPgRBsiTEAdQROIfiXMciGlCGicq7WbZL7ZW1KXVlor1v-c9J6laTdouHNO4TuP3pf6e8_l7jH2UIBvt6yKPyuhcedPmDdKCvMZUrIwSSqloo_D5r-pspn5e6IudUl-kCRvsgYeB-yq8cEG3tYMQVWGCQwT6EkQFApxPhp-iMM1OMpX-g2VDGx8o2zKYJiEHkNMrzSTuaoG8T4Wg44IKFe9MSsm7f29uuss970ooH6-7ldv8dYvFzvx0-ow9HYklPxlu6Dl7FLoX7PCkw6T6asM_8ST1TGvohyzMepLEbvgycqKZ7ppfzW9Dy0d1B0_1cW44ElqeHJ7ytOUFG6yWPcmL8EKjS9Alp5VcjjglQQ13Xcun_eEv2ez0x-_vZ_lYbyEHXdZ9XumovMKEI0YI3uvKRNWAcIDRrFxUEblbwOA5FaUzqhQhikKboIMJrTRGvmIH3bILbxg3AEgUMb2GWGMGCaYlazkvyT-uBhkyVkwDbmE0I6eaGAs7qc7-WIyRpRjZIUYZ-7z9ympw4riv8TeK4rYhmWinDxBadoSWfQhaGVMTBuzIRwaegV3N77v28YQXi88qvYBxXViubyypCU1DFDhjrwf8bH-h1JLMAFXG6j1k7d3C_plufpn8wE2DU5rGPr9sMfjwCL39HyN0xJ5Ql4OS6R076K_X4T2StN5_SM_jP781OaA priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: ScienceDirect (Elsevier) dbid: .~1 link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9QwELaqXsoFAeURXjIS4gAKm8R24hzbiqpCggus1JtlOzYN2iarbVawl_72zjgPNapUJI7JOsna88Wecb75hpD3zLJSmCKJPZci5kZWcQluQVxAKJZ6ZlPGMVH42_f8bMm_novzPXIy5sIgrXKY-_s5PczWw5nFMJqLdV0vfqSykLC4AyKDo48Z5ZwXWMXg83U67bMkrMQUCIy7oH2MF4wfNwPNq7KogppleJxgyeJby1NQ8Z-tUne90LtkyoNts9a7P3q1urVSnT4iDwcXkx71vXhM9lzzhBweNRBeX-7oBxpIn2E3_ZC4ZYfk2B1tPUWHU2_oZf3XVXTgedBQKeeKgmtLg9ZTHJJfoMG67ZBoBA8a9IIuKO7pUkAsUmuobio6Zoo_JcvTLz9PzuKh8kJsRVp0cS48NxxCD--tM0bk0vPSZtqCXXPtuQcvzoEZNfdMS55mzmeJkE446SomJXtG9pu2cS8IldaCywiBtvUFxJJWVigyZxgqyRWWuYgk44ArO8iSY3WMlRr5Z78V2EihjVRvo4h8nC5Z95oc9zU-RitODVFOO5xoN7_UgCeVmUw7URXaOs8T6TSAyqQ2y21mtUnLiPARA2qGTrhVfd-z3414UfDW4qcY3bh2e6WQVyhLdIYj8rzHz_QPmWAoC8gjUsyQNevC_JemvgjK4LKExU3APT9NGPz3CL38v869Ig_wqGcxvSb73Wbr3oCD1pm34Q28Ad1uN-s priority: 102 providerName: Elsevier – databaseName: Unpaywall dbid: UNPAY link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1bb9MwGLWge4AXbuMSbjIS4gGUqfElcR4LYpqQmHig0niybMfWOrq0WlNB-fV8n3MRYWjAW9M6TmMf5ztffHxMyEvueCltMU2DUDIVVlVpCbQgLSAVywJ3GRe4UPjjcX40Fx9O5ElnFo1rYUbz91GHVTm0KWUMjwGf18leLoF2T8je_PjT7AsmVAoyIQjzfPgMwO1nMP9UxygGRav-USi6TDUvKyZvbOu12X0zy-Uv4ejwdivk2kQXQ1ShfD3YNvbA_fjN4_Gf7vQOudWRUjprUXSXXPP1PbI_qyEhP9_RVzTKROP7933i5w3KaXd0FShSVHNBzxfffUU7ZQiNe-tsKJBhGt2h0rhcBgqsVw1Kk-BCncPQKcW3wBQwjmIcauqK9mvL75P54fvP747Sbq-G1MmsaNJcBmEFJCshOG-tzFUQpWPGARJyE0QA3ueh440I3CiRMR_YVCovvfIVV4o_IJN6VftHhCrngGRCau5CAdmnUxXa0lmO3nOF4z4h0773tOuMzHE_jaXuFWtnGppSY1PqtikT8no4Zd26eFxV-C1CYiiIBtzxC-gt3Y1nzSwzXlaFcT6IqfIGHow2cyx3zBmblQkRPaB0x2VajgJVLa669osefBrGOU7emNqvthuNSkRVIn1OyMMWjMM_5JKjkaBISDGC6egWxr_Ui9PoJa5KCIcS6nwzAPrvLfT4v0o_ITfxqJU7PSWT5mLrnwGTa-zzbgz_BK8_QUQ priority: 102 providerName: Unpaywall |
| Title | Utility of linear mixed effects models for event-related potential research with infants and children |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35395594 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2648894163 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8987653 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101070 https://doaj.org/article/2b2ae5d7acef408ea322b1c26c2cab19 |
| UnpaywallVersion | publishedVersion |
| Volume | 54 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAFT databaseName: Open Access Digital Library customDbUrl: eissn: 1878-9307 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000396242 issn: 1878-9293 databaseCode: KQ8 dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries – providerCode: PRVAFT databaseName: Open Access Digital Library customDbUrl: eissn: 1878-9307 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000396242 issn: 1878-9293 databaseCode: KQ8 dateStart: 20140101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1878-9307 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000396242 issn: 1878-9293 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20140101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Baden-Württemberg Complete Freedom Collection (Elsevier) customDbUrl: eissn: 1878-9307 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000396242 issn: 1878-9293 databaseCode: GBLVA dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier Free Content customDbUrl: eissn: 1878-9307 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000396242 issn: 1878-9293 databaseCode: IXB dateStart: 0 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Science Direct customDbUrl: eissn: 1878-9307 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000396242 issn: 1878-9293 databaseCode: .~1 dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier – providerCode: PRVLSH databaseName: Elsevier Journals customDbUrl: mediaType: online eissn: 1878-9307 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000396242 issn: 1878-9293 databaseCode: AKRWK dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true providerName: Library Specific Holdings – providerCode: PRVAQN databaseName: PubMed Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1878-9307 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000396242 issn: 1878-9293 databaseCode: RPM dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ providerName: National Library of Medicine – providerCode: PRVFZP databaseName: Scholars Portal Journals: Open Access customDbUrl: eissn: 1878-9307 dateEnd: 20250831 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000396242 issn: 1878-9293 databaseCode: M48 dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://journals.scholarsportal.info providerName: Scholars Portal |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3Pb9MwFLb24wAXBIwfGVAZCe0AytTEduIcEOoQ00DaxIFK5RTZjs2KuqRrU2298LfznpMUok2DS6U0jpP4Pcffsz9_j5A3zLBM6HQYOi5FyLUswgxgQZhCKBY5ZiLGcaPw6VlyMuZfJmKyRbrV87YBl7eGdphParyYHV5frj9Ah3__h6tVGJQyjWM8Bh8-mF-GmFcK11_bJBvbZBfGrgyTO5y2AYD_VrMMN0hgVCYhnMrA47ulz9sq7g1eXuO_N4bdxKg3qZb3VuVcra_UbPbXOHb8kDxoASgdNR7ziGzZ8jHZG5UQfF-s6QH1lFA_175H7LhG6uyaVo4iHFULejG9tgVtWSDU59FZUgC-1CtBhX5rDBSYVzXSkOBGrZrQOcUZXwotjMQbqsqCdvvIn5Dx8advH0_CNi9DaESU1mEiHNccAhPnjNVaJNLxzMTKgNUT5bgDjGfByIo7piSPYuvioZBWWGkLJiV7SnbKqrTPCZXGAKCEMNy4FMxjZIESdJqhzlxqmA3IsGvw3LSi5Zg7Y5Z37LSfOdgoRxvljY0C8nZzybxR7Lir8BFacVMQxbb9H9XiR9723TzWsbKiSJWxjg-lVfAR1JGJExMbpaMsILzzgbzFLQ0egaqmd937decvOfRpXKhRpa1WyxxZhzJDqByQZ43_bJ6QCYaigTwgac-zeq_QP1NOz71uuMxg6BNQ57uND_67hfb_4ylfkPt4RUNoekl26sXKvgKsVusB2T78FQ38TAf8fp4cDXwHHJDd8dnX0fffy45BaQ |
| linkProvider | Scholars Portal |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9QwELZKOZQLAsojlIeREAdQ2CS2E-dYKqoF2l7oSr1ZjmO3Qdtktd1V2Qu_nRnnoUaVisQxiZ3Enon9jfPNZ0LeM8NyUWRR6LgUIS9kGeYAC8IMQrHYMRMzjonCxyfpdMa_n4mzLXLQ58IgrbIb-9sx3Y_W3ZlJ15uTRVVNfsYykzC5g0d6oJ_dI_e5SDKMwD7_iYeFlojlmAOBgRdUCLFG_3fT87xKgzKoSYLHEe5ZfGN-8jL-o2nqNgy9zabcWdcLvbnW8_mNqerwEXnYYUy63zbjMdmy9ROyu19DfH25oR-oZ3365fRdYmcrZMduaOMoIk69pJfVb1vSjuhB_VY5VxSwLfViT6HPfoECi2aFTCN4UCcYdEFxUZeCyyK3huq6pH2q-FMyO_x6ejANu60XQiPibBWmwvGCQ-zhnLFFIVLpeG4SbcCwqXbcAYyzYEfNHdOSx4l1SSSkFVbakknJnpHtuqntC0KlMYAZIdI2LoNg0sgSVeYKhlJymWE2IFHf4cp0uuS4PcZc9QS0XwpspNBGqrVRQD4OVRatKMddhb-gFYeCqKftTzTLc9U5lEqKRFtRZtpYxyNpNXhVEZskNYnRRZwHhPc-oEbuCbeq7nr2u95fFHy2-C9G17ZZXykkFsoc0XBAnrf-M7whEwx1AXlAspFnjZowvlJXF14aXOYwuwm456fBB__dQy__r3Fvyc709PhIHX07-bFHHuCVltL0imyvlmv7GtDaqnjjv8a_jTI7Dg |
| linkToUnpaywall | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1bb9MwGLWge4AXbuMSbjIS4gGUqfElcR4LYpqQmHig0niybMfWOrq0WlNB-fV8n3MRYWjAW9M6TmMf5ztffHxMyEvueCltMU2DUDIVVlVpCbQgLSAVywJ3GRe4UPjjcX40Fx9O5ElnFo1rYUbz91GHVTm0KWUMjwGf18leLoF2T8je_PjT7AsmVAoyIQjzfPgMwO1nMP9UxygGRav-USi6TDUvKyZvbOu12X0zy-Uv4ejwdivk2kQXQ1ShfD3YNvbA_fjN4_Gf7vQOudWRUjprUXSXXPP1PbI_qyEhP9_RVzTKROP7933i5w3KaXd0FShSVHNBzxfffUU7ZQiNe-tsKJBhGt2h0rhcBgqsVw1Kk-BCncPQKcW3wBQwjmIcauqK9mvL75P54fvP747Sbq-G1MmsaNJcBmEFJCshOG-tzFUQpWPGARJyE0QA3ueh440I3CiRMR_YVCovvfIVV4o_IJN6VftHhCrngGRCau5CAdmnUxXa0lmO3nOF4z4h0773tOuMzHE_jaXuFWtnGppSY1PqtikT8no4Zd26eFxV-C1CYiiIBtzxC-gt3Y1nzSwzXlaFcT6IqfIGHow2cyx3zBmblQkRPaB0x2VajgJVLa669osefBrGOU7emNqvthuNSkRVIn1OyMMWjMM_5JKjkaBISDGC6egWxr_Ui9PoJa5KCIcS6nwzAPrvLfT4v0o_ITfxqJU7PSWT5mLrnwGTa-zzbgz_BK8_QUQ |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Utility+of+linear+mixed+effects+models+for+event-related+potential+research+with+infants+and+children&rft.jtitle=Developmental+cognitive+neuroscience&rft.au=Heise%2C+Megan+J&rft.au=Mon%2C+Serena+K&rft.au=Bowman%2C+Lindsay+C&rft.date=2022-04-01&rft.issn=1878-9307&rft.eissn=1878-9307&rft.volume=54&rft.spage=101070&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.dcn.2022.101070&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1878-9293&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1878-9293&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1878-9293&client=summon |