Morphological changes of endometriomas during pregnancy and after delivery detected using ultrasound

To assess changes in morphology and size of endometriomas during pregnancy and after delivery. This was a prospective observational cohort study performed during 2013–2024 at a tertiary care center (Ultrasound Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden)....

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Published inFertility and sterility Vol. 123; no. 2; pp. 211 - 220
Main Authors Orlov, Sofie, Sladkevicius, Povilas, Rivano Eckerdal, Isis, Jokubkiene, Ligita
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 01.02.2025
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0015-0282
1556-5653
1556-5653
DOI10.1016/j.fertnstert.2024.08.355

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Abstract To assess changes in morphology and size of endometriomas during pregnancy and after delivery. This was a prospective observational cohort study performed during 2013–2024 at a tertiary care center (Ultrasound Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden). Women were offered repeated ultrasound examinations every month during pregnancy and thereafter at 3 and 12 months after delivery. Ultrasound examinations were performed either transvaginally or transabdominally depending on the gestational week and assessability of the ovaries. Pregnant women with an ovarian cyst suggestive of endometrioma based on subjective assessment were eligible and those with the pregnancy that continued beyond gestational age of 22 weeks were included. In total, 57 women were included. Pregnancy. Changes in morphology (cyst type, cyst content, and signs of decidualization) and size of the endometrioma and the largest solid component were assessed during follow-up ultrasound examinations. During pregnancy, endometriomas changed in morphology in 42/57 women (74%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 60–84) and decreased in size in 42/57 women (74%; 95% CI, 60–84). Decidualization of endometrioma was observed in 33/57 women (58%; 95% CI, 44–71) and was detected first time at gestational age of 17 weeks (median, interquartile range, 15–22; range, 6–29). The size of endometriomas decreased although the size of solid components increased from gestational age of 22+0 weeks. Signs of decidualization disappeared after delivery. Three out of four endometriomas undergo morphological changes during pregnancy. Decidualized endometrioma may mimic borderline malignancy, however, changes regress after delivery. Knowing the natural behavior of endometriomas during pregnancy is crucial to reducing the risk of misclassification of endometriomas as malignant masses. Follow-up ultrasound examination after delivery helps to reassure the benign nature of the cyst. Cambios morfológicos de los endometriomas durante el embarazo y después del parto detectados mediante ecografía. Evaluar los cambios en la morfología y el tamaño de los endometriomas durante el embarazo y después del parto. Estudio observacional prospectivo de cohorte realizado entre 2013 y 2024 en un centro de atención terciaria (Unidad de Ultrasonido, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitario de Skane, Malmö, Suecia). A las mujeres se les ofrecieron exámenes repetidos de ultrasonido cada mes durante el embarazo y posteriormente a los 3 y 12 meses tras el parto. Las ecografías se realizaron por vía transvaginal o transabdominal dependiendo de la semana gestacional y la accesibilidad de los ovarios. Hospital universitario, centro de atención terciaria. Mujeres embarazadas con un quiste ovárico sugestivo de endometrioma según la evaluación subjetiva fueron elegibles y aquellas con un embarazo que continuó más allá de la edad gestacional de 22 semanas fueron incluidas. En total, se incluyeron 57 mujeres. Embarazo. Cambios en la morfología (tipo de quiste, contenido de quiste y signos de decidualización) y el tamaño del endometrioma y el componente sólido más grande fueron evaluados durante los exámenes ecográficos de seguimiento. Durante el embarazo, los endometriomas cambiaron su morfología en 42/57 mujeres (74 %; intervalo de confianza [CI] 95 %, 60–84) y disminuyó de tamaño en 42/57 mujeres (74 %; CI 95 %, 60–84). Se observó decidualización del endometrioma en 33/57 mujeres (58 %; CI 95 %, 44–71) y se detectó por primera vez a la edad gestacional de 17 semanas (mediana, rango intercuartílico, 15–22; rango, 6–29). El tamaño de los endometriomas disminuyó, aunque el tamaño de los componentes sólidos aumentó a partir de la edad gestacional de 22 semanas de gestación. Los signos de decidualización desaparecieron después del parto. Tres de cada cuatro endometriomas sufren cambios morfológicos durante el embarazo. El endometrioma decidualizado puede imitar una neoplasia maligna limítrofe, sin embargo, los cambios retroceden después del parto. Conocer el comportamiento natural de los endometriomas durante la gestación es crucial para reducir el riesgo de clasificación errónea de los endometriomas como masas malignas. La ecografía de seguimiento después del parto ayuda a confirmar la naturaleza benigna del quiste.
AbstractList To assess changes in morphology and size of endometriomas during pregnancy and after delivery. This was a prospective observational cohort study performed during 2013-2024 at a tertiary care center (Ultrasound Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden). Women were offered repeated ultrasound examinations every month during pregnancy and thereafter at 3 and 12 months after delivery. Ultrasound examinations were performed either transvaginally or transabdominally depending on the gestational week and assessability of the ovaries. Pregnant women with an ovarian cyst suggestive of endometrioma based on subjective assessment were eligible and those with the pregnancy that continued beyond gestational age of 22 weeks were included. In total, 57 women were included. Pregnancy. Changes in morphology (cyst type, cyst content, and signs of decidualization) and size of the endometrioma and the largest solid component were assessed during follow-up ultrasound examinations. During pregnancy, endometriomas changed in morphology in 42/57 women (74%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 60-84) and decreased in size in 42/57 women (74%; 95% CI, 60-84). Decidualization of endometrioma was observed in 33/57 women (58%; 95% CI, 44-71) and was detected first time at gestational age of 17 weeks (median, interquartile range, 15-22; range, 6-29). The size of endometriomas decreased although the size of solid components increased from gestational age of 22 weeks. Signs of decidualization disappeared after delivery. Three out of four endometriomas undergo morphological changes during pregnancy. Decidualized endometrioma may mimic borderline malignancy, however, changes regress after delivery. Knowing the natural behavior of endometriomas during pregnancy is crucial to reducing the risk of misclassification of endometriomas as malignant masses. Follow-up ultrasound examination after delivery helps to reassure the benign nature of the cyst.
To assess changes in morphology and size of endometriomas during pregnancy and after delivery.OBJECTIVETo assess changes in morphology and size of endometriomas during pregnancy and after delivery.This was a prospective observational cohort study performed during 2013-2024 at a tertiary care center (Ultrasound Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden). Women were offered repeated ultrasound examinations every month during pregnancy and thereafter at 3 and 12 months after delivery. Ultrasound examinations were performed either transvaginally or transabdominally depending on the gestational week and assessability of the ovaries.DESIGNThis was a prospective observational cohort study performed during 2013-2024 at a tertiary care center (Ultrasound Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden). Women were offered repeated ultrasound examinations every month during pregnancy and thereafter at 3 and 12 months after delivery. Ultrasound examinations were performed either transvaginally or transabdominally depending on the gestational week and assessability of the ovaries.University hospital, tertiary care center.SETTINGUniversity hospital, tertiary care center.Pregnant women with an ovarian cyst suggestive of endometrioma based on subjective assessment were eligible and those with the pregnancy that continued beyond gestational age of 22 weeks were included. In total, 57 women were included.PATIENT(S)Pregnant women with an ovarian cyst suggestive of endometrioma based on subjective assessment were eligible and those with the pregnancy that continued beyond gestational age of 22 weeks were included. In total, 57 women were included.Pregnancy.INTERVENTION(S)Pregnancy.Changes in morphology (cyst type, cyst content, and signs of decidualization) and size of the endometrioma and the largest solid component were assessed during follow-up ultrasound examinations.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)Changes in morphology (cyst type, cyst content, and signs of decidualization) and size of the endometrioma and the largest solid component were assessed during follow-up ultrasound examinations.During pregnancy, endometriomas changed in morphology in 42/57 women (74%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 60-84) and decreased in size in 42/57 women (74%; 95% CI, 60-84). Decidualization of endometrioma was observed in 33/57 women (58%; 95% CI, 44-71) and was detected first time at gestational age of 17 weeks (median, interquartile range, 15-22; range, 6-29). The size of endometriomas decreased although the size of solid components increased from gestational age of 22+0 weeks. Signs of decidualization disappeared after delivery.RESULT(S)During pregnancy, endometriomas changed in morphology in 42/57 women (74%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 60-84) and decreased in size in 42/57 women (74%; 95% CI, 60-84). Decidualization of endometrioma was observed in 33/57 women (58%; 95% CI, 44-71) and was detected first time at gestational age of 17 weeks (median, interquartile range, 15-22; range, 6-29). The size of endometriomas decreased although the size of solid components increased from gestational age of 22+0 weeks. Signs of decidualization disappeared after delivery.Three out of four endometriomas undergo morphological changes during pregnancy. Decidualized endometrioma may mimic borderline malignancy, however, changes regress after delivery. Knowing the natural behavior of endometriomas during pregnancy is crucial to reducing the risk of misclassification of endometriomas as malignant masses. Follow-up ultrasound examination after delivery helps to reassure the benign nature of the cyst.CONCLUSION(S)Three out of four endometriomas undergo morphological changes during pregnancy. Decidualized endometrioma may mimic borderline malignancy, however, changes regress after delivery. Knowing the natural behavior of endometriomas during pregnancy is crucial to reducing the risk of misclassification of endometriomas as malignant masses. Follow-up ultrasound examination after delivery helps to reassure the benign nature of the cyst.
To assess changes in morphology and size of endometriomas during pregnancy and after delivery. This was a prospective observational cohort study performed during 2013–2024 at a tertiary care center (Ultrasound Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden). Women were offered repeated ultrasound examinations every month during pregnancy and thereafter at 3 and 12 months after delivery. Ultrasound examinations were performed either transvaginally or transabdominally depending on the gestational week and assessability of the ovaries. Pregnant women with an ovarian cyst suggestive of endometrioma based on subjective assessment were eligible and those with the pregnancy that continued beyond gestational age of 22 weeks were included. In total, 57 women were included. Pregnancy. Changes in morphology (cyst type, cyst content, and signs of decidualization) and size of the endometrioma and the largest solid component were assessed during follow-up ultrasound examinations. During pregnancy, endometriomas changed in morphology in 42/57 women (74%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 60–84) and decreased in size in 42/57 women (74%; 95% CI, 60–84). Decidualization of endometrioma was observed in 33/57 women (58%; 95% CI, 44–71) and was detected first time at gestational age of 17 weeks (median, interquartile range, 15–22; range, 6–29). The size of endometriomas decreased although the size of solid components increased from gestational age of 22+0 weeks. Signs of decidualization disappeared after delivery. Three out of four endometriomas undergo morphological changes during pregnancy. Decidualized endometrioma may mimic borderline malignancy, however, changes regress after delivery. Knowing the natural behavior of endometriomas during pregnancy is crucial to reducing the risk of misclassification of endometriomas as malignant masses. Follow-up ultrasound examination after delivery helps to reassure the benign nature of the cyst. Cambios morfológicos de los endometriomas durante el embarazo y después del parto detectados mediante ecografía. Evaluar los cambios en la morfología y el tamaño de los endometriomas durante el embarazo y después del parto. Estudio observacional prospectivo de cohorte realizado entre 2013 y 2024 en un centro de atención terciaria (Unidad de Ultrasonido, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitario de Skane, Malmö, Suecia). A las mujeres se les ofrecieron exámenes repetidos de ultrasonido cada mes durante el embarazo y posteriormente a los 3 y 12 meses tras el parto. Las ecografías se realizaron por vía transvaginal o transabdominal dependiendo de la semana gestacional y la accesibilidad de los ovarios. Hospital universitario, centro de atención terciaria. Mujeres embarazadas con un quiste ovárico sugestivo de endometrioma según la evaluación subjetiva fueron elegibles y aquellas con un embarazo que continuó más allá de la edad gestacional de 22 semanas fueron incluidas. En total, se incluyeron 57 mujeres. Embarazo. Cambios en la morfología (tipo de quiste, contenido de quiste y signos de decidualización) y el tamaño del endometrioma y el componente sólido más grande fueron evaluados durante los exámenes ecográficos de seguimiento. Durante el embarazo, los endometriomas cambiaron su morfología en 42/57 mujeres (74 %; intervalo de confianza [CI] 95 %, 60–84) y disminuyó de tamaño en 42/57 mujeres (74 %; CI 95 %, 60–84). Se observó decidualización del endometrioma en 33/57 mujeres (58 %; CI 95 %, 44–71) y se detectó por primera vez a la edad gestacional de 17 semanas (mediana, rango intercuartílico, 15–22; rango, 6–29). El tamaño de los endometriomas disminuyó, aunque el tamaño de los componentes sólidos aumentó a partir de la edad gestacional de 22 semanas de gestación. Los signos de decidualización desaparecieron después del parto. Tres de cada cuatro endometriomas sufren cambios morfológicos durante el embarazo. El endometrioma decidualizado puede imitar una neoplasia maligna limítrofe, sin embargo, los cambios retroceden después del parto. Conocer el comportamiento natural de los endometriomas durante la gestación es crucial para reducir el riesgo de clasificación errónea de los endometriomas como masas malignas. La ecografía de seguimiento después del parto ayuda a confirmar la naturaleza benigna del quiste.
Objective: To assess changes in morphology and size of endometriomas during pregnancy and after delivery. Design: This was a prospective observational cohort study performed during 2013 - 2024 at a tertiary care center (Ultrasound Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden). Women were offered repeated ultrasound examinations every month during pregnancy and thereafter 3 and 12 months after delivery. Ultrasound examinations were performed either transvaginally or transabdominally depending on the gestational week and assessability of the ovaries. Subjects: Pregnant women with an ovarian cyst suggestive of endometrioma based on subjective assessment were eligible and those with the pregnancy that continued beyond gestational age of 22 weeks were included. In total, 57 women were included. Exposure: Pregnancy. Main outcome measures: Changes in morphology (cyst type, cyst content and signs of decidualization) and size of the endometrioma and the largest solid component were assessed during follow-up ultrasound examinations. Results: During pregnancy, endometriomas changed in morphology in 42/57 women (74%, 95% CI 60 - 84) and decreased in size in 42/57 women (74%, 95% CI 60 - 84). Decidualization of endometrioma was observed in 33/57 women (58%, 95% CI 44 - 71) and was detected first time at gestational age of 17 weeks (median, IQR 15 - 22, range 6 - 29). Size of endometriomas decreased while size of solid components increased from gestational age of 22+0 weeks. Signs of decidualization disappeared after delivery. Conclusion: Three out of four endometriomas undergo morphological changes during pregnancy. Decidualized endometrioma may mimic borderline malignancy, however, changes regress after delivery. Knowing natural behavior of endometriomas during pregnancy is crucial to reduce the risk of misclassification of endometriomas as malignant masses. Follow-up ultrasound examination after delivery helps to reassure the benign nature of the cyst.
Author Sladkevicius, Povilas
Orlov, Sofie
Jokubkiene, Ligita
Rivano Eckerdal, Isis
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Issue 2
Keywords endometriosis
ultrasonography
decidualization
Endometrioma
pregnancy
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Snippet To assess changes in morphology and size of endometriomas during pregnancy and after delivery. This was a prospective observational cohort study performed...
To assess changes in morphology and size of endometriomas during pregnancy and after delivery.OBJECTIVETo assess changes in morphology and size of...
Objective: To assess changes in morphology and size of endometriomas during pregnancy and after delivery. Design: This was a prospective observational cohort...
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SubjectTerms Adult
Clinical Medicine
Cohort Studies
decidualization
Endometrioma
endometriosis
Endometriosis - diagnostic imaging
Endometriosis - pathology
Female
Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine
Gynekologi, obstetrik och reproduktionsmedicin
Humans
Klinisk medicin
Medical and Health Sciences
Medicin och hälsovetenskap
Ovarian Cysts - diagnostic imaging
Predictive Value of Tests
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications - diagnostic imaging
Prospective Studies
Ultrasonography
Ultrasonography, Prenatal
Young Adult
Title Morphological changes of endometriomas during pregnancy and after delivery detected using ultrasound
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2024.08.355
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39243849
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