Association between a 15q25 gene variant, smoking quantity and tobacco-related cancers among 17 000 individuals
Background Genetic variants in 15q25 have been identified as potential risk markers for lung cancer (LC), but controversy exists as to whether this is a direct association, or whether the 15q variant is simply a proxy for increased exposure to tobacco carcinogens. Methods We performed a detailed ana...
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| Published in | International journal of epidemiology Vol. 39; no. 2; pp. 563 - 577 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Oxford University Press
01.04.2010
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0300-5771 1464-3685 1464-3685 |
| DOI | 10.1093/ije/dyp288 |
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| Abstract | Background Genetic variants in 15q25 have been identified as potential risk markers for lung cancer (LC), but controversy exists as to whether this is a direct association, or whether the 15q variant is simply a proxy for increased exposure to tobacco carcinogens. Methods We performed a detailed analysis of one 15q single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs16969968) with smoking behaviour and cancer risk in a total of 17 300 subjects from five LC studies and four upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer studies. Results Subjects with one minor allele smoked on average 0.3 cigarettes per day (CPD) more, whereas subjects with the homozygous minor AA genotype smoked on average 1.2 CPD more than subjects with a GG genotype (P < 0.001). The variant was associated with heavy smoking (>20 CPD) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96–1.34, P = 0.13 for heterozygotes and 1.81, 95% CI 1.39–2.35 for homozygotes, P < 0.0001]. The strong association between the variant and LC risk (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.23–1.38, P = 1 × 10–18), was virtually unchanged after adjusting for this smoking association (smoking adjusted OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.19–1.35, P = 5 × 10–13). Furthermore, we found an association between the variant allele and an earlier age of LC onset (P = 0.02). The association was also noted in UADT cancers (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.15, P = 0.02). Genome wide association (GWA) analysis of over 300 000 SNPs on 11 219 subjects did not identify any additional variants related to smoking behaviour. Conclusions This study confirms the strong association between 15q gene variants and LC and shows an independent association with smoking quantity, as well as an association with UADT cancers. |
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| AbstractList | Background Genetic variants in 15q25 have been identified as potential risk markers for lung cancer (LC), but controversy exists as to whether this is a direct association, or whether the 15q variant is simply a proxy for increased exposure to tobacco carcinogens. Methods We performed a detailed analysis of one 15q single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs16969968) with smoking behaviour and cancer risk in a total of 17 300 subjects from five LC studies and four upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer studies. Results Subjects with one minor allele smoked on average 0.3 cigarettes per day (CPD) more, whereas subjects with the homozygous minor AA genotype smoked on average 1.2 CPD more than subjects with a GG genotype (P < 0.001). The variant was associated with heavy smoking (>20 CPD) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96–1.34, P = 0.13 for heterozygotes and 1.81, 95% CI 1.39–2.35 for homozygotes, P < 0.0001]. The strong association between the variant and LC risk (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.23–1.38, P = 1 × 10–18), was virtually unchanged after adjusting for this smoking association (smoking adjusted OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.19–1.35, P = 5 × 10–13). Furthermore, we found an association between the variant allele and an earlier age of LC onset (P = 0.02). The association was also noted in UADT cancers (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.15, P = 0.02). Genome wide association (GWA) analysis of over 300 000 SNPs on 11 219 subjects did not identify any additional variants related to smoking behaviour. Conclusions This study confirms the strong association between 15q gene variants and LC and shows an independent association with smoking quantity, as well as an association with UADT cancers. Genetic variants in 15q25 have been identified as potential risk markers for lung cancer (LC), but controversy exists as to whether this is a direct association, or whether the 15q variant is simply a proxy for increased exposure to tobacco carcinogens. We performed a detailed analysis of one 15q single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs16969968) with smoking behaviour and cancer risk in a total of 17 300 subjects from five LC studies and four upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer studies. Subjects with one minor allele smoked on average 0.3 cigarettes per day (CPD) more, whereas subjects with the homozygous minor AA genotype smoked on average 1.2 CPD more than subjects with a GG genotype (P < 0.001). The variant was associated with heavy smoking (>20 CPD) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96-1.34, P = 0.13 for heterozygotes and 1.81, 95% CI 1.39-2.35 for homozygotes, P < 0.0001]. The strong association between the variant and LC risk (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.23-1.38, P = 1 x 10(-18)), was virtually unchanged after adjusting for this smoking association (smoking adjusted OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.19-1.35, P = 5 x 10(-13)). Furthermore, we found an association between the variant allele and an earlier age of LC onset (P = 0.02). The association was also noted in UADT cancers (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.15, P = 0.02). Genome wide association (GWA) analysis of over 300 000 SNPs on 11 219 subjects did not identify any additional variants related to smoking behaviour. This study confirms the strong association between 15q gene variants and LC and shows an independent association with smoking quantity, as well as an association with UADT cancers. Background Genetic variants in 15q25 have been identified as potential risk markers for lung cancer (LC), but controversy exists as to whether this is a direct association, or whether the 15q variant is simply a proxy for increased exposure to tobacco carcinogens.Methods We performed a detailed analysis of one 15q single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs16969968) with smoking behaviour and cancer risk in a total of 17 300 subjects from five LC studies and four upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer studies.Results Subjects with one minor allele smoked on average 0.3 cigarettes per day (CPD) more, whereas subjects with the homozygous minor AA genotype smoked on average 1.2 CPD more than subjects with a GG genotype (P < 0.001). The variant was associated with heavy smoking (>20 CPD) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96-1.34, P = 0.13 for heterozygotes and 1.81, 95% CI 1.39-2.35 for homozygotes, P < 0.0001]. The strong association between the variant and LC risk (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.23-1.38, P = 1 10 super(-18)), was virtually unchanged after adjusting for this smoking association (smoking adjusted OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.19-1.35, P = 5 10 super(-13)). Furthermore, we found an association between the variant allele and an earlier age of LC onset (P = 0.02). The association was also noted in UADT cancers (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.15, P = 0.02). Genome wide association (GWA) analysis of over 300 000 SNPs on 11 219 subjects did not identify any additional variants related to smoking behaviour.Conclusions This study confirms the strong association between 15q gene variants and LC and shows an independent association with smoking quantity, as well as an association with UADT cancers. Genetic variants in 15q25 have been identified as potential risk markers for lung cancer (LC), but controversy exists as to whether this is a direct association, or whether the 15q variant is simply a proxy for increased exposure to tobacco carcinogens.BACKGROUNDGenetic variants in 15q25 have been identified as potential risk markers for lung cancer (LC), but controversy exists as to whether this is a direct association, or whether the 15q variant is simply a proxy for increased exposure to tobacco carcinogens.We performed a detailed analysis of one 15q single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs16969968) with smoking behaviour and cancer risk in a total of 17 300 subjects from five LC studies and four upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer studies.METHODSWe performed a detailed analysis of one 15q single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs16969968) with smoking behaviour and cancer risk in a total of 17 300 subjects from five LC studies and four upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer studies.Subjects with one minor allele smoked on average 0.3 cigarettes per day (CPD) more, whereas subjects with the homozygous minor AA genotype smoked on average 1.2 CPD more than subjects with a GG genotype (P < 0.001). The variant was associated with heavy smoking (>20 CPD) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96-1.34, P = 0.13 for heterozygotes and 1.81, 95% CI 1.39-2.35 for homozygotes, P < 0.0001]. The strong association between the variant and LC risk (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.23-1.38, P = 1 x 10(-18)), was virtually unchanged after adjusting for this smoking association (smoking adjusted OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.19-1.35, P = 5 x 10(-13)). Furthermore, we found an association between the variant allele and an earlier age of LC onset (P = 0.02). The association was also noted in UADT cancers (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.15, P = 0.02). Genome wide association (GWA) analysis of over 300 000 SNPs on 11 219 subjects did not identify any additional variants related to smoking behaviour.RESULTSSubjects with one minor allele smoked on average 0.3 cigarettes per day (CPD) more, whereas subjects with the homozygous minor AA genotype smoked on average 1.2 CPD more than subjects with a GG genotype (P < 0.001). The variant was associated with heavy smoking (>20 CPD) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96-1.34, P = 0.13 for heterozygotes and 1.81, 95% CI 1.39-2.35 for homozygotes, P < 0.0001]. The strong association between the variant and LC risk (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.23-1.38, P = 1 x 10(-18)), was virtually unchanged after adjusting for this smoking association (smoking adjusted OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.19-1.35, P = 5 x 10(-13)). Furthermore, we found an association between the variant allele and an earlier age of LC onset (P = 0.02). The association was also noted in UADT cancers (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.15, P = 0.02). Genome wide association (GWA) analysis of over 300 000 SNPs on 11 219 subjects did not identify any additional variants related to smoking behaviour.This study confirms the strong association between 15q gene variants and LC and shows an independent association with smoking quantity, as well as an association with UADT cancers.CONCLUSIONSThis study confirms the strong association between 15q gene variants and LC and shows an independent association with smoking quantity, as well as an association with UADT cancers. |
| Author | McLaughlin, John Hung, Rayjean J Curado, Maria Paula Agudo, Antonio Healy, Claire Menezes, Ana Lagiou, Pagona Janout, Vladimir Study, EPIC Hveem, Kristian Lips, Esther H Eluf-Neto, Jose Liloglou, Triantafillos Gaborieau, Valerie Vatten, Lars Benhamou, Simone Mates, Dana Fabianova, Eleonora Canova, Cristina Liu, Geoffrey Lathrop, Mark Chabrier, Amelie Kjaerheim, Kristina Conway, David I Fernandez, Leticia Matos, Elena Skorpen, Frank Xinarianos, George Barzan, Luigi Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonilia Hashibe, Mia Bencko, Vladimir McKay, James D Macfarlane, Tatiana V Lissowska, Jolanta Field, John K Elvestad, Maiken Bratt Rudnai, Peter Lowry, Ray Merletti, Franco Zaridze, David Foretova, Lenka Koifman, Sergio Brennan, Paul Castellsagué, Xavier Boffetta, Paolo Holcátová, Ivana Heath, Simon Znaor, Ariana Metspalu, Andres |
| AuthorAffiliation | 4 Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland 19 University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece 14 Princess Margaret Hospital, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Canada 3 Institute of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russia 8 Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania 34 Institute of Oncology Angel H. Roffo, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina 21 Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway 30 Trinity College School of Dental Science, Dublin, Ireland 25 General Hospital, Pordenone, Italy 39 Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, Paris, France 15 Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway 23 CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain 24 University of Aberdeen School of Medicine, Aberdeen, UK 11 Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic 12 Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Liverpool, UK 35 Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil 13 Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Canada 2 |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 39 Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, Paris, France – name: 6 Johan National Institute of Public Health, Budapest, Hungary – name: 27 University of Newcastle Dental School, Newcastle, UK – name: 32 Escola Nacional de Saude Publica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – name: 35 Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil – name: 1 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France – name: 33 Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil – name: 37 Estonian Genome Project, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu/Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia – name: 38 Centre National de Genotypage, Institut Genomique, Comissariat à l'énergie Atomique, Evry, France – name: 11 Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic – name: 28 University of Glasgow Medical Faculty Dental School, Glasgow, UK – name: 31 Hospital Araujo Jorge, Goiania, and Populational Cancer Register of Goiania, Goiania, Brazil – name: 30 Trinity College School of Dental Science, Dublin, Ireland – name: 10 Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic – name: 26 Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy – name: 3 Institute of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russia – name: 15 Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway – name: 21 Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway – name: 2 Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of the Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada – name: 36 Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology, Havana, Cuba – name: 5 Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland – name: 25 General Hospital, Pordenone, Italy – name: 29 Croatian National Cancer Registry, Croatian National Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia – name: 9 Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic – name: 4 Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland – name: 8 Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania – name: 22 Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO)-IDIBELL, L'Hopitalet de Llobregat, Spain – name: 19 University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece – name: 23 CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain – name: 16 A full list of authors appears in the Appendix list – name: 20 Cancer Epidemiology Unit and CeRMS, University of Turin, Turin, Italy – name: 14 Princess Margaret Hospital, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Canada – name: 17 INSERM U794, Paris, France – name: 13 Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Canada – name: 34 Institute of Oncology Angel H. Roffo, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina – name: 24 University of Aberdeen School of Medicine, Aberdeen, UK – name: 18 Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France – name: 7 Regional Authority of Public Health in Banska Bystrica, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia – name: 12 Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Liverpool, UK |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Esther H surname: Lips fullname: Lips, Esther H organization: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France – sequence: 2 givenname: Valerie surname: Gaborieau fullname: Gaborieau, Valerie organization: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France – sequence: 3 givenname: James D surname: McKay fullname: McKay, James D organization: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France – sequence: 4 givenname: Amelie surname: Chabrier fullname: Chabrier, Amelie organization: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France – sequence: 5 givenname: Rayjean J surname: Hung fullname: Hung, Rayjean J organization: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France – sequence: 6 givenname: Paolo surname: Boffetta fullname: Boffetta, Paolo organization: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France – sequence: 7 givenname: Mia surname: Hashibe fullname: Hashibe, Mia organization: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France – sequence: 8 givenname: David surname: Zaridze fullname: Zaridze, David organization: Institute of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russia – sequence: 9 givenname: Neonilia surname: Szeszenia-Dabrowska fullname: Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonilia organization: Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland – sequence: 10 givenname: Jolanta surname: Lissowska fullname: Lissowska, Jolanta organization: Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland – sequence: 11 givenname: Peter surname: Rudnai fullname: Rudnai, Peter organization: Johan National Institute of Public Health, Budapest, Hungary – sequence: 12 givenname: Eleonora surname: Fabianova fullname: Fabianova, Eleonora organization: Regional Authority of Public Health in Banska Bystrica, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia – sequence: 13 givenname: Dana surname: Mates fullname: Mates, Dana organization: Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania – sequence: 14 givenname: Vladimir surname: Bencko fullname: Bencko, Vladimir organization: Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic – sequence: 15 givenname: Lenka surname: Foretova fullname: Foretova, Lenka organization: Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic – sequence: 16 givenname: Vladimir surname: Janout fullname: Janout, Vladimir organization: Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic – sequence: 17 givenname: John K surname: Field fullname: Field, John K organization: Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Liverpool, UK – sequence: 18 givenname: Triantafillos surname: Liloglou fullname: Liloglou, Triantafillos organization: Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Liverpool, UK – sequence: 19 givenname: George surname: Xinarianos fullname: Xinarianos, George organization: Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Liverpool, UK – sequence: 20 givenname: John surname: McLaughlin fullname: McLaughlin, John organization: Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of the Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada – sequence: 21 givenname: Geoffrey surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Geoffrey organization: Princess Margaret Hospital, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Canada – sequence: 22 givenname: Frank surname: Skorpen fullname: Skorpen, Frank organization: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway – sequence: 23 givenname: Maiken Bratt surname: Elvestad fullname: Elvestad, Maiken Bratt organization: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway – sequence: 24 givenname: Kristian surname: Hveem fullname: Hveem, Kristian organization: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway – sequence: 25 givenname: Lars surname: Vatten fullname: Vatten, Lars organization: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway – sequence: 26 givenname: EPIC surname: Study fullname: Study, EPIC organization: A full list of authors appears in the list – sequence: 27 givenname: Simone surname: Benhamou fullname: Benhamou, Simone organization: INSERM U794, Paris, France – sequence: 28 givenname: Pagona surname: Lagiou fullname: Lagiou, Pagona organization: University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece – sequence: 29 givenname: Ivana surname: Holcátová fullname: Holcátová, Ivana organization: Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic – sequence: 30 givenname: Franco surname: Merletti fullname: Merletti, Franco organization: Cancer Epidemiology Unit and CeRMS, University of Turin, Turin, Italy – sequence: 31 givenname: Kristina surname: Kjaerheim fullname: Kjaerheim, Kristina organization: Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway – sequence: 32 givenname: Antonio surname: Agudo fullname: Agudo, Antonio organization: Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO)-IDIBELL, L'Hopitalet de Llobregat, Spain – sequence: 33 givenname: Xavier surname: Castellsagué fullname: Castellsagué, Xavier organization: Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO)-IDIBELL, L'Hopitalet de Llobregat, Spain – sequence: 34 givenname: Tatiana V surname: Macfarlane fullname: Macfarlane, Tatiana V organization: University of Aberdeen School of Medicine, Aberdeen, UK – sequence: 35 givenname: Luigi surname: Barzan fullname: Barzan, Luigi organization: General Hospital, Pordenone, Italy – sequence: 36 givenname: Cristina surname: Canova fullname: Canova, Cristina organization: Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy – sequence: 37 givenname: Ray surname: Lowry fullname: Lowry, Ray organization: University of Newcastle Dental School, Newcastle, UK – sequence: 38 givenname: David I surname: Conway fullname: Conway, David I organization: University of Glasgow Medical Faculty Dental School, Glasgow, UK – sequence: 39 givenname: Ariana surname: Znaor fullname: Znaor, Ariana organization: Croatian National Cancer Registry, Croatian National Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia – sequence: 40 givenname: Claire surname: Healy fullname: Healy, Claire organization: Trinity College School of Dental Science, Dublin, Ireland – sequence: 41 givenname: Maria Paula surname: Curado fullname: Curado, Maria Paula organization: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France – sequence: 42 givenname: Sergio surname: Koifman fullname: Koifman, Sergio organization: Escola Nacional de Saude Publica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – sequence: 43 givenname: Jose surname: Eluf-Neto fullname: Eluf-Neto, Jose organization: Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil – sequence: 44 givenname: Elena surname: Matos fullname: Matos, Elena organization: Institute of Oncology Angel H. Roffo, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina – sequence: 45 givenname: Ana surname: Menezes fullname: Menezes, Ana organization: Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil – sequence: 46 givenname: Leticia surname: Fernandez fullname: Fernandez, Leticia organization: Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology, Havana, Cuba – sequence: 47 givenname: Andres surname: Metspalu fullname: Metspalu, Andres organization: Estonian Genome Project, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu/Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia – sequence: 48 givenname: Simon surname: Heath fullname: Heath, Simon organization: Centre National de Genotypage, Institut Genomique, Comissariat à l'énergie Atomique, Evry, France – sequence: 49 givenname: Mark surname: Lathrop fullname: Lathrop, Mark organization: Centre National de Genotypage, Institut Genomique, Comissariat à l'énergie Atomique, Evry, France – sequence: 50 givenname: Paul surname: Brennan fullname: Brennan, Paul email: brennan@iarc.fr, * Corresponding author. International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France. brennan@iarc.fr organization: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19776245$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | Background Genetic variants in 15q25 have been identified as potential risk markers for lung cancer (LC), but controversy exists as to whether this is a direct... Genetic variants in 15q25 have been identified as potential risk markers for lung cancer (LC), but controversy exists as to whether this is a direct... |
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| SubjectTerms | Age Aged Cancer chromosome 15 Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 - genetics Cigarettes Female Genetic Epidemiology Genome-Wide Association Study Genomes Genotype Genotypes Heterozygotes Homozygotes Humans Lung cancer Lung Neoplasms - genetics Male Middle Aged nicotine dependence Odds Ratio Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Receptors, Nicotinic - genetics Single-nucleotide polymorphism Smoking Smoking - adverse effects smoking quantity Tobacco Tobacco Use Disorder - genetics UADT cancer |
| Title | Association between a 15q25 gene variant, smoking quantity and tobacco-related cancers among 17 000 individuals |
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