Low-density extraction solvent-based solvent terminated dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of carbamate pesticides in water samples

• Published in: Journal of Chromatography A Vol. 1217; no. 8; pp. 1244 - 1248
• Main Authors: Chen, Hao, Chen, Ruiwen, Li, Shengqing
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 19.02.2010; Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier; Elsevier
• Subjects: Acetonitrile; analysis; Analysis methods; Analytical chemistry; Applied sciences; Carbamate pesticides; Carbamates; Carbamates - analysis; Chemical Fractionation; Chemical Fractionation - methods; Chemistry; Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography; Chromatography; Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction; economics; Emulsions; Exact sciences and technology; extraction; Fresh Water; Fresh Water - analysis; Gas chromatographic methods; Gas chromatography; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - economics; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - methods; Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; Ionic liquid; Limit of Detection; Liquid-liquid extraction; low density extraction solvents; Low-density extraction solvent; Mass spectrometry; methods; microextraction; Natural water pollution; pesticide residues; Pesticides; Pesticides - analysis; Pollution; Sensitivity and Specificity; Solvents; water pollution; Water treatment and pollution; Low-density extraction solvent; Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; Carbamate pesticides; Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction; Ionic liquid; Trace analysis; Tandem mass spectrometry; Carbofuran; Chemical analysis; Insecticide; Coupled method; Pesticides; Chemical enrichment; Dispersive liquid liquid microextraction; Freshwater environment; Gas chromatography; Sample preparation; Surface water; Lakes; Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; spectrometry; Water pollution; Gas chromatography-tandem mass; Carbamate; Quantitative analysis
• ISSN: 0021-9673; 1873-3778
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.062

A simple and fast method of low-density extraction solvent-based solvent terminated dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (ST-DLLME) was developed for the highly sensitive determination of carbamate pesticides in the water samples by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MSMS). After dispersing, the obtained emulsion cleared into two phases quickly when an aliquot of acetonitrile was introduced as a chemical demulsifier into the aqueous bulk. Therefore, the developed procedure does not need centrifugation to achieve phase separation. It was convenient for the usage of low-density extraction solvents in DLLME. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection for all target carbamate pesticides were in range of 0.001–0.50 ng mL −1 and the precisions were in the range of 2.3–6.8% (RSDs, 2 ng mL −1, n = 5). The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of real water samples and good spiked recoveries over the range of 94.5–104% were obtained.