Histopathology and Ultrastructural Findings of Fatal COVID-19 Infections on Testis
To evaluate the presence and analyze the pathological changes within the testes of patients who died or recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) complications. Testis tissue was collected from autopsies of COVID-19 positive (n=6) and negative men (n=3). Formalin-fixe...
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| Published in | The world journal of men's health Vol. 39; no. 1; pp. 65 - 74 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Korea (South)
Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology
01.01.2021
대한남성과학회 |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2287-4208 2287-4690 |
| DOI | 10.5534/wjmh.200170 |
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| Abstract | To evaluate the presence and analyze the pathological changes within the testes of patients who died or recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) complications.
Testis tissue was collected from autopsies of COVID-19 positive (n=6) and negative men (n=3). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and subjected to immunofluorescence for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) expression. Fluorescent-labeled tissue slides were imaged on a quantitative pathology scope with various zoom levels allowing for qualitative and quantitative interpretation. Tissue from four COVID-19 positive autopsy cases and a live seroconverted patient was imaged with transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
H&E histomorphology showed three of the six COVID-19 biopsies had normal spermatogenesis while the remaining three had impaired spermatogenesis. TEM showed the COVID-19 virus in testis tissue of one COVID-19 positive autopsy case and the live biopsy, H&E stain on the same autopsy case demonstrated interstitial macrophage and leukocyte infiltration. Immunofluorescent stained slides from six COVID-19 positive men demonstrated a direct association between increased quantitative ACE-2 levels and impairment of spermatogenesis.
The novel COVID-19 has an affinity for ACE-2 receptors. Since ACE-2 receptor expression is high in the testes, we hypothesized that COVID-19 is prevalent in testes tissue of infected patients. This study suggests the male reproductive tract, specifically the testes, may be targets of COVID-19 infection. We found an inverse association between ACE-2 receptor levels and spermatogenesis, suggesting a possible mechanism of how COVID-19 can cause infertility. |
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| AbstractList | To evaluate the presence and analyze the pathological changes within the testes of patients who died or recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) complications.PURPOSETo evaluate the presence and analyze the pathological changes within the testes of patients who died or recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) complications.Testis tissue was collected from autopsies of COVID-19 positive (n=6) and negative men (n=3). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and subjected to immunofluorescence for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) expression. Fluorescent-labeled tissue slides were imaged on a quantitative pathology scope with various zoom levels allowing for qualitative and quantitative interpretation. Tissue from four COVID-19 positive autopsy cases and a live seroconverted patient was imaged with transmission electron microscopy (TEM).MATERIALS AND METHODSTestis tissue was collected from autopsies of COVID-19 positive (n=6) and negative men (n=3). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and subjected to immunofluorescence for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) expression. Fluorescent-labeled tissue slides were imaged on a quantitative pathology scope with various zoom levels allowing for qualitative and quantitative interpretation. Tissue from four COVID-19 positive autopsy cases and a live seroconverted patient was imaged with transmission electron microscopy (TEM).H&E histomorphology showed three of the six COVID-19 biopsies had normal spermatogenesis while the remaining three had impaired spermatogenesis. TEM showed the COVID-19 virus in testis tissue of one COVID-19 positive autopsy case and the live biopsy, H&E stain on the same autopsy case demonstrated interstitial macrophage and leukocyte infiltration. Immunofluorescent stained slides from six COVID-19 positive men demonstrated a direct association between increased quantitative ACE-2 levels and impairment of spermatogenesis.RESULTSH&E histomorphology showed three of the six COVID-19 biopsies had normal spermatogenesis while the remaining three had impaired spermatogenesis. TEM showed the COVID-19 virus in testis tissue of one COVID-19 positive autopsy case and the live biopsy, H&E stain on the same autopsy case demonstrated interstitial macrophage and leukocyte infiltration. Immunofluorescent stained slides from six COVID-19 positive men demonstrated a direct association between increased quantitative ACE-2 levels and impairment of spermatogenesis.The novel COVID-19 has an affinity for ACE-2 receptors. Since ACE-2 receptor expression is high in the testes, we hypothesized that COVID-19 is prevalent in testes tissue of infected patients. This study suggests the male reproductive tract, specifically the testes, may be targets of COVID-19 infection. We found an inverse association between ACE-2 receptor levels and spermatogenesis, suggesting a possible mechanism of how COVID-19 can cause infertility.CONCLUSIONSThe novel COVID-19 has an affinity for ACE-2 receptors. Since ACE-2 receptor expression is high in the testes, we hypothesized that COVID-19 is prevalent in testes tissue of infected patients. This study suggests the male reproductive tract, specifically the testes, may be targets of COVID-19 infection. We found an inverse association between ACE-2 receptor levels and spermatogenesis, suggesting a possible mechanism of how COVID-19 can cause infertility. PurposeTo evaluate the presence and analyze the pathological changes within the testes of patients who died or recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) complications.Materials and MethodsTestis tissue was collected from autopsies of COVID-19 positive (n=6) and negative men (n=3). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and subjected to immunofluorescence for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) expression. Fluorescent-labeled tissue slides were imaged on a quantitative pathology scope with various zoom levels allowing for qualitative and quantitative interpretation. Tissue from four COVID-19 positive autopsy cases and a live seroconverted patient was imaged with transmission electron microscopy (TEM).ResultsH&E histomorphology showed three of the six COVID-19 biopsies had normal spermatogenesis while the remaining three had impaired spermatogenesis. TEM showed the COVID-19 virus in testis tissue of one COVID-19 positive autopsy case and the live biopsy, H&E stain on the same autopsy case demonstrated interstitial macrophage and leukocyte infiltration. Immunofluorescent stained slides from six COVID-19 positive men demonstrated a direct association between increased quantitative ACE-2 levels and impairment of spermatogenesis.ConclusionsThe novel COVID-19 has an affinity for ACE-2 receptors. Since ACE-2 receptor expression is high in the testes, we hypothesized that COVID-19 is prevalent in testes tissue of infected patients. This study suggests the male reproductive tract, specifically the testes, may be targets of COVID-19 infection. We found an inverse association between ACE-2 receptor levels and spermatogenesis, suggesting a possible mechanism of how COVID-19 can cause infertility. Purpose: To evaluate the presence and analyze the pathological changes within the testes of patients who died or recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) complications. Materials and Methods: Testis tissue was collected from autopsies of COVID-19 positive (n=6) and negative men (n=3). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and subjected to immunofluorescence for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) expression. Fluorescent-labeled tissue slides were imaged on a quantitative pathology scope with various zoom levels allowing for qualitative and quantitative interpretation. Tissue from four COVID- 19 positive autopsy cases and a live seroconverted patient was imaged with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: H&E histomorphology showed three of the six COVID-19 biopsies had normal spermatogenesis while the remaining three had impaired spermatogenesis. TEM showed the COVID-19 virus in testis tissue of one COVID-19 positive autopsy case and the live biopsy, H&E stain on the same autopsy case demonstrated interstitial macrophage and leukocyte infiltration. Immunofluorescent stained slides from six COVID-19 positive men demonstrated a direct association between increased quantitative ACE-2 levels and impairment of spermatogenesis. Conclusions: The novel COVID-19 has an affinity for ACE-2 receptors. Since ACE-2 receptor expression is high in the testes, we hypothesized that COVID-19 is prevalent in testes tissue of infected patients. This study suggests the male reproductive tract, specifically the testes, may be targets of COVID-19 infection. We found an inverse association between ACE-2 receptor levels and spermatogenesis, suggesting a possible mechanism of how COVID-19 can cause infertility. To evaluate the presence and analyze the pathological changes within the testes of patients who died or recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) complications. Testis tissue was collected from autopsies of COVID-19 positive (n=6) and negative men (n=3). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and subjected to immunofluorescence for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) expression. Fluorescent-labeled tissue slides were imaged on a quantitative pathology scope with various zoom levels allowing for qualitative and quantitative interpretation. Tissue from four COVID-19 positive autopsy cases and a live seroconverted patient was imaged with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). H&E histomorphology showed three of the six COVID-19 biopsies had normal spermatogenesis while the remaining three had impaired spermatogenesis. TEM showed the COVID-19 virus in testis tissue of one COVID-19 positive autopsy case and the live biopsy, H&E stain on the same autopsy case demonstrated interstitial macrophage and leukocyte infiltration. Immunofluorescent stained slides from six COVID-19 positive men demonstrated a direct association between increased quantitative ACE-2 levels and impairment of spermatogenesis. The novel COVID-19 has an affinity for ACE-2 receptors. Since ACE-2 receptor expression is high in the testes, we hypothesized that COVID-19 is prevalent in testes tissue of infected patients. This study suggests the male reproductive tract, specifically the testes, may be targets of COVID-19 infection. We found an inverse association between ACE-2 receptor levels and spermatogenesis, suggesting a possible mechanism of how COVID-19 can cause infertility. Purpose: To evaluate the presence and analyze the pathological changes within the testes of patients who died or recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) complications. Materials and Methods: Testis tissue was collected from autopsies of COVID-19 positive (n=6) and negative men (n=3). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and subjected to immunofluorescence for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) expression. Fluorescent-labeled tissue slides were imaged on a quantitative pathology scope with various zoom levels allowing for qualitative and quantitative interpretation. Tissue from four COVID- 19 positive autopsy cases and a live seroconverted patient was imaged with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: H&E histomorphology showed three of the six COVID-19 biopsies had normal spermatogenesis while the remaining three had impaired spermatogenesis. TEM showed the COVID-19 virus in testis tissue of one COVID-19 positive autopsy case and the live biopsy, H&E stain on the same autopsy case demonstrated interstitial macrophage and leukocyte infiltration. Immunofluorescent stained slides from six COVID-19 positive men demonstrated a direct association between increased quantitative ACE-2 levels and impairment of spermatogenesis. Conclusions: The novel COVID-19 has an affinity for ACE-2 receptors. Since ACE-2 receptor expression is high in the testes, we hypothesized that COVID-19 is prevalent in testes tissue of infected patients. This study suggests the male reproductive tract, specifically the testes, may be targets of COVID-19 infection. We found an inverse association between ACE-2 receptor levels and spermatogenesis, suggesting a possible mechanism of how COVID-19 can cause infertility. KCI Citation Count: 0 |
| Author | Arora, Himanshu Ibrahim, Emad Ramasamy, Ranjith Chu, Kevin Y. Iakymenko, Oleksii A. Achua, Justin K. Khodamoradi, Kajal Delma, Katiana S. Kryvenko, Oleksandr N. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA 1 Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA 3 The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA 4 John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA – name: 2 Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA – name: 3 The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA – name: 4 John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Justin K. orcidid: 0000-0002-4159-439X surname: Achua fullname: Achua, Justin K. organization: Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Kevin Y. orcidid: 0000-0003-1929-710X surname: Chu fullname: Chu, Kevin Y. organization: Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Emad orcidid: 0000-0002-8862-535X surname: Ibrahim fullname: Ibrahim, Emad organization: Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Kajal orcidid: 0000-0003-2951-4382 surname: Khodamoradi fullname: Khodamoradi, Kajal organization: Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Katiana S. orcidid: 0000-0002-1733-6817 surname: Delma fullname: Delma, Katiana S. organization: Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Oleksii A. orcidid: 0000-0003-1588-8965 surname: Iakymenko fullname: Iakymenko, Oleksii A. organization: Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Oleksandr N. orcidid: 0000-0002-0116-7836 surname: Kryvenko fullname: Kryvenko, Oleksandr N. organization: Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA., Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Himanshu orcidid: 0000-0003-3949-6763 surname: Arora fullname: Arora, Himanshu organization: Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA., The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA., John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Ranjith orcidid: 0000-0003-1387-7904 surname: Ramasamy fullname: Ramasamy, Ranjith organization: Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA., The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33151050$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002658519$$DAccess content in National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) |
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| Snippet | To evaluate the presence and analyze the pathological changes within the testes of patients who died or recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome... PurposeTo evaluate the presence and analyze the pathological changes within the testes of patients who died or recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome... Purpose: To evaluate the presence and analyze the pathological changes within the testes of patients who died or recovered from severe acute respiratory... |
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| SubjectTerms | Androgens Autopsies autopsy Biopsy coronavirus Coronaviruses COVID-19 Disease control Disease transmission Enzymes Infertility Medical examiners Microscopy Original Patients Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Spermatogenesis Testes testis Viruses 비뇨기과학 |
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| Title | Histopathology and Ultrastructural Findings of Fatal COVID-19 Infections on Testis |
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