Short- and long-chain perfluorinated acids in sewage sludge from Shanghai, China
► We determined C3–C14 PFAs in sewage sludge from 25WWTPs in Shanghai, China. ► PFAs pollutants were ubiquitous in sludge with the ∑PFAs range of 126–809ngg−1. ► Unlike previous studies, PFOA was dominant and much higher than those reported. ► Concentrations of short-chain PFAs (<C6) in sewage sl...
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| Published in | Chemosphere (Oxford) Vol. 88; no. 11; pp. 1300 - 1305 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Kidlington
Elsevier Ltd
01.09.2012
Elsevier |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0045-6535 1879-1298 1879-1298 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.105 |
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| Abstract | ► We determined C3–C14 PFAs in sewage sludge from 25WWTPs in Shanghai, China. ► PFAs pollutants were ubiquitous in sludge with the ∑PFAs range of 126–809ngg−1. ► Unlike previous studies, PFOA was dominant and much higher than those reported. ► Concentrations of short-chain PFAs (<C6) in sewage sludge were considerable. ► Rather than indirect source, sorption from sewage is main source of PFAs in sludge.
Perfluorinated acids (PFAs) are the subject of increasingly intense environmental research. In this study, sewage sludge samples were collected from 25 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Shanghai, China to evaluate the levels and profile of C3–C14 PFAs. The results showed a ubiquitous PFAs contamination of sewage sludge in Shanghai with the total PFAs (∑PFAs) range of 126–809ngg−1dw. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was found to be the dominant PFA pollutant and its concentration ranged from 23.2 to 298ngg−1dw, much higher than the levels in other countries. Moreover, concentrations of short-chain PFAs (<C6) in sewage sludge were considerable. Following sludge application in agricultural land, the concentrations of PFOA, and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are predicted to be 1.08 and 7.53ngg−1dw, respectively, much lower than the corresponding US EPA standards. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to explore the fate of PFAs in sludge-amended soils due to the persistence and bioaccumulation potential of these compounds. |
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| AbstractList | ► We determined C3–C14 PFAs in sewage sludge from 25WWTPs in Shanghai, China. ► PFAs pollutants were ubiquitous in sludge with the ∑PFAs range of 126–809ngg−1. ► Unlike previous studies, PFOA was dominant and much higher than those reported. ► Concentrations of short-chain PFAs (<C6) in sewage sludge were considerable. ► Rather than indirect source, sorption from sewage is main source of PFAs in sludge.
Perfluorinated acids (PFAs) are the subject of increasingly intense environmental research. In this study, sewage sludge samples were collected from 25 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Shanghai, China to evaluate the levels and profile of C3–C14 PFAs. The results showed a ubiquitous PFAs contamination of sewage sludge in Shanghai with the total PFAs (∑PFAs) range of 126–809ngg−1dw. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was found to be the dominant PFA pollutant and its concentration ranged from 23.2 to 298ngg−1dw, much higher than the levels in other countries. Moreover, concentrations of short-chain PFAs (<C6) in sewage sludge were considerable. Following sludge application in agricultural land, the concentrations of PFOA, and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are predicted to be 1.08 and 7.53ngg−1dw, respectively, much lower than the corresponding US EPA standards. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to explore the fate of PFAs in sludge-amended soils due to the persistence and bioaccumulation potential of these compounds. Perfluorinated acids (PFAs) are the subject of increasingly intense environmental research. In this study, sewage sludge samples were collected from 25 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Shanghai, China to evaluate the levels and profile of C3-C14 PFAs. The results showed a ubiquitous PFAs contamination of sewage sludge in Shanghai with the total PFAs (∑PFAs) range of 126-809 ng g(-1)dw. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was found to be the dominant PFA pollutant and its concentration ranged from 23.2 to 298 ng g(-1)dw, much higher than the levels in other countries. Moreover, concentrations of short-chain PFAs (<C6) in sewage sludge were considerable. Following sludge application in agricultural land, the concentrations of PFOA, and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are predicted to be 1.08 and 7.53 ng g(-1)dw, respectively, much lower than the corresponding US EPA standards. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to explore the fate of PFAs in sludge-amended soils due to the persistence and bioaccumulation potential of these compounds.Perfluorinated acids (PFAs) are the subject of increasingly intense environmental research. In this study, sewage sludge samples were collected from 25 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Shanghai, China to evaluate the levels and profile of C3-C14 PFAs. The results showed a ubiquitous PFAs contamination of sewage sludge in Shanghai with the total PFAs (∑PFAs) range of 126-809 ng g(-1)dw. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was found to be the dominant PFA pollutant and its concentration ranged from 23.2 to 298 ng g(-1)dw, much higher than the levels in other countries. Moreover, concentrations of short-chain PFAs (<C6) in sewage sludge were considerable. Following sludge application in agricultural land, the concentrations of PFOA, and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are predicted to be 1.08 and 7.53 ng g(-1)dw, respectively, much lower than the corresponding US EPA standards. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to explore the fate of PFAs in sludge-amended soils due to the persistence and bioaccumulation potential of these compounds. Perfluorinated acids (PFAs) are the subject of increasingly intense environmental research. In this study, sewage sludge samples were collected from 25 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Shanghai, China to evaluate the levels and profile of C3–C14 PFAs. The results showed a ubiquitous PFAs contamination of sewage sludge in Shanghai with the total PFAs (∑PFAs) range of 126–809ngg⁻¹dw. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was found to be the dominant PFA pollutant and its concentration ranged from 23.2 to 298ngg⁻¹dw, much higher than the levels in other countries. Moreover, concentrations of short-chain PFAs (<C6) in sewage sludge were considerable. Following sludge application in agricultural land, the concentrations of PFOA, and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are predicted to be 1.08 and 7.53ngg⁻¹dw, respectively, much lower than the corresponding US EPA standards. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to explore the fate of PFAs in sludge-amended soils due to the persistence and bioaccumulation potential of these compounds. Perfluorinated acids (PFAs) are the subject of increasingly intense environmental research. In this study, sewage sludge samples were collected from 25 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Shanghai, China to evaluate the levels and profile of C3-C14 PFAs. The results showed a ubiquitous PFAs contamination of sewage sludge in Shanghai with the total PFAs ( capital sigma PFAs) range of 126-809ngg-1dw. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was found to be the dominant PFA pollutant and its concentration ranged from 23.2 to 298ngg-1dw, much higher than the levels in other countries. Moreover, concentrations of short-chain PFAs ( Perfluorinated acids (PFAs) are the subject of increasingly intense environmental research. In this study, sewage sludge samples were collected from 25 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Shanghai, China to evaluate the levels and profile of C3-C14 PFAs. The results showed a ubiquitous PFAs contamination of sewage sludge in Shanghai with the total PFAs (∑PFAs) range of 126-809 ng g(-1)dw. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was found to be the dominant PFA pollutant and its concentration ranged from 23.2 to 298 ng g(-1)dw, much higher than the levels in other countries. Moreover, concentrations of short-chain PFAs (<C6) in sewage sludge were considerable. Following sludge application in agricultural land, the concentrations of PFOA, and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are predicted to be 1.08 and 7.53 ng g(-1)dw, respectively, much lower than the corresponding US EPA standards. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to explore the fate of PFAs in sludge-amended soils due to the persistence and bioaccumulation potential of these compounds. |
| Author | Zhou, Qi Zhang, Chao-Jie Meng, Xiang-Zhou Yan, Hong Chen, Ling |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Hong surname: Yan fullname: Yan, Hong – sequence: 2 givenname: Chao-Jie surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Chao-Jie email: myrazh@tongji.edu.cn – sequence: 3 givenname: Qi surname: Zhou fullname: Zhou, Qi – sequence: 4 givenname: Ling surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Ling – sequence: 5 givenname: Xiang-Zhou surname: Meng fullname: Meng, Xiang-Zhou email: xzmeng@tongji.edu.cn |
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| Keywords | Perfluorinated acids Ecological risk Sewage sludge Quantitative analysis Emerging contaminant Chemical analysis Urban area Sustainable development Sulfonate Persistent organic pollutant Amendment Perfluorooctanoic acid Carboxylic acid Upgrading Risk assessment Agriculture Perfluorooctane sulfonate Organic compounds Megacity Chain length Agricultural soil Waste management Environment impact Organic fluorine compounds Waste reuse |
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| Snippet | ► We determined C3–C14 PFAs in sewage sludge from 25WWTPs in Shanghai, China. ► PFAs pollutants were ubiquitous in sludge with the ∑PFAs range of 126–809ngg−1.... Perfluorinated acids (PFAs) are the subject of increasingly intense environmental research. In this study, sewage sludge samples were collected from 25... |
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| SubjectTerms | acids Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Alkanesulfonic Acids Alkanesulfonic Acids - analysis analysis Applied sciences Bioaccumulation Biological and medical sciences Caprylates Caprylates - analysis China Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Ecological risk Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics Environmental Monitoring Exact sciences and technology Fluorocarbons Fluorocarbons - analysis Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General agronomy. Plant production land application Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge Other nutrients. Amendments. Solid and liquid wastes. Sludges and slurries Perfluorinated acids PFA Pollutants Pollution Pollution, environment geology prediction Quantitative analysis Sewage Sewage - analysis Sewage sludge Sludge soil Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments Soils United States Wastes wastewater treatment Water Pollutants, Chemical Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis |
| Title | Short- and long-chain perfluorinated acids in sewage sludge from Shanghai, China |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.105 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22546628 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1023298519 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1028028049 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1365039872 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1651401665 |
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