The Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity

Obesity is a global pandemic complex to treat due to its multifactorial pathogenesis—an unhealthy lifestyle, neuronal and hormonal mechanisms, and genetic and epigenetic factors are involved. Scientific evidence supports the idea that obesity and metabolic consequences are strongly related to change...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inNutrients Vol. 11; no. 3; p. 635
Main Authors Cerdó, Tomás, García-Santos, José, G. Bermúdez, Mercedes, Campoy, Cristina
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 15.03.2019
MDPI
Subjects
Animals
body mass index
clinical trials
energy metabolism
epigenetics
health services
Humans
intestinal microorganisms
lifestyle
mechanism of action
metabolic diseases
Mice
neurons
Obesity
Obesity - prevention & control
Obesity - therapy
pandemic
Prebiotics
Probiotics
Review
therapeutics
prebiotics
nutrition
gut microbiota
obesity
probiotics
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI10.3390/nu11030635

Cover

Abstract Obesity is a global pandemic complex to treat due to its multifactorial pathogenesis—an unhealthy lifestyle, neuronal and hormonal mechanisms, and genetic and epigenetic factors are involved. Scientific evidence supports the idea that obesity and metabolic consequences are strongly related to changes in both the function and composition of gut microbiota, which exert an essential role in modulating energy metabolism. Modifications of gut microbiota composition have been associated with variations in body weight and body mass index. Lifestyle modifications remain as primary therapy for obesity and related metabolic disorders. New therapeutic strategies to treat/prevent obesity have been proposed, based on pre- and/or probiotic modulation of gut microbiota to mimic that found in healthy non-obese subjects. Based on human and animal studies, this review aimed to discuss mechanisms through which gut microbiota could act as a key modifier of obesity and related metabolic complications. Evidence from animal studies and human clinical trials suggesting potential beneficial effects of prebiotic and various probiotic strains on those physical, biochemical, and metabolic parameters related to obesity is presented. As a conclusion, a deeper knowledge about pre-/probiotic mechanisms of action, in combination with adequately powered, randomized controlled follow-up studies, will facilitate the clinical application and development of personalized healthcare strategies.
AbstractList Obesity is a global pandemic complex to treat due to its multifactorial pathogenesis—an unhealthy lifestyle, neuronal and hormonal mechanisms, and genetic and epigenetic factors are involved. Scientific evidence supports the idea that obesity and metabolic consequences are strongly related to changes in both the function and composition of gut microbiota, which exert an essential role in modulating energy metabolism. Modifications of gut microbiota composition have been associated with variations in body weight and body mass index. Lifestyle modifications remain as primary therapy for obesity and related metabolic disorders. New therapeutic strategies to treat/prevent obesity have been proposed, based on pre- and/or probiotic modulation of gut microbiota to mimic that found in healthy non-obese subjects. Based on human and animal studies, this review aimed to discuss mechanisms through which gut microbiota could act as a key modifier of obesity and related metabolic complications. Evidence from animal studies and human clinical trials suggesting potential beneficial effects of prebiotic and various probiotic strains on those physical, biochemical, and metabolic parameters related to obesity is presented. As a conclusion, a deeper knowledge about pre-/probiotic mechanisms of action, in combination with adequately powered, randomized controlled follow-up studies, will facilitate the clinical application and development of personalized healthcare strategies.
Obesity is a global pandemic complex to treat due to its multifactorial pathogenesis-an unhealthy lifestyle, neuronal and hormonal mechanisms, and genetic and epigenetic factors are involved. Scientific evidence supports the idea that obesity and metabolic consequences are strongly related to changes in both the function and composition of gut microbiota, which exert an essential role in modulating energy metabolism. Modifications of gut microbiota composition have been associated with variations in body weight and body mass index. Lifestyle modifications remain as primary therapy for obesity and related metabolic disorders. New therapeutic strategies to treat/prevent obesity have been proposed, based on pre- and/or probiotic modulation of gut microbiota to mimic that found in healthy non-obese subjects. Based on human and animal studies, this review aimed to discuss mechanisms through which gut microbiota could act as a key modifier of obesity and related metabolic complications. Evidence from animal studies and human clinical trials suggesting potential beneficial effects of prebiotic and various probiotic strains on those physical, biochemical, and metabolic parameters related to obesity is presented. As a conclusion, a deeper knowledge about pre-/probiotic mechanisms of action, in combination with adequately powered, randomized controlled follow-up studies, will facilitate the clinical application and development of personalized healthcare strategies.Obesity is a global pandemic complex to treat due to its multifactorial pathogenesis-an unhealthy lifestyle, neuronal and hormonal mechanisms, and genetic and epigenetic factors are involved. Scientific evidence supports the idea that obesity and metabolic consequences are strongly related to changes in both the function and composition of gut microbiota, which exert an essential role in modulating energy metabolism. Modifications of gut microbiota composition have been associated with variations in body weight and body mass index. Lifestyle modifications remain as primary therapy for obesity and related metabolic disorders. New therapeutic strategies to treat/prevent obesity have been proposed, based on pre- and/or probiotic modulation of gut microbiota to mimic that found in healthy non-obese subjects. Based on human and animal studies, this review aimed to discuss mechanisms through which gut microbiota could act as a key modifier of obesity and related metabolic complications. Evidence from animal studies and human clinical trials suggesting potential beneficial effects of prebiotic and various probiotic strains on those physical, biochemical, and metabolic parameters related to obesity is presented. As a conclusion, a deeper knowledge about pre-/probiotic mechanisms of action, in combination with adequately powered, randomized controlled follow-up studies, will facilitate the clinical application and development of personalized healthcare strategies.
Author García-Santos, José
Campoy, Cristina
Cerdó, Tomás
G. Bermúdez, Mercedes
AuthorAffiliation 4 Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada’s node, Carlos III Health Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
2 EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
1 Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; tcr@ugr.es (T.C.); joseantonio_gsantos@outlook.es (J.A.G.-S.); mgbermudez@ugr.es (M.G.B.)
3 Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, GRANADA, Health Sciences Technological Park, 18012 Granada, Spain
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, GRANADA, Health Sciences Technological Park, 18012 Granada, Spain
– name: 4 Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada’s node, Carlos III Health Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
– name: 2 EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
– name: 1 Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; tcr@ugr.es (T.C.); joseantonio_gsantos@outlook.es (J.A.G.-S.); mgbermudez@ugr.es (M.G.B.)
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Tomás
  surname: Cerdó
  fullname: Cerdó, Tomás
– sequence: 2
  givenname: José
  surname: García-Santos
  fullname: García-Santos, José
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Mercedes
  orcidid: 0000-0002-2643-5956
  surname: G. Bermúdez
  fullname: G. Bermúdez, Mercedes
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Cristina
  orcidid: 0000-0002-9860-6785
  surname: Campoy
  fullname: Campoy, Cristina
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30875987$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNqFkVFLHDEQx4MoatUXP0BZ8KW0nE6S3WzyUiiirSAocj6HbHa2RvaSM9m13Lc352m1IjUvyUx-82fmP5_Iug8eCdmncMi5giM_UgocBK_WyDaDmk2EKPn6q_cW2UvpFpanhlrwTbLFQdaVkvU2uZzeYHEVeixCV1zG0LgwOJsK49sc4nPofDFkMGfu0Q8u-EdgGtEMs5xYFl80mNyw2CUbnekT7j3dO-T69GR6_GtyfvHz7PjH-cRWUA0TiwCtrGjJpG24qFTHaiVBYFfaVjJhOGLXGKnaTrGmammpSgWCcl5ZZLTjO-TbSnf0c7P4Y_pez6ObmbjQFPTSGv1iTaa_r-j52MywtbnnaF4qgnH63x_vbvTvcK9FWYMAmQW-PAnEcDdiGvTMJYt9bzyGMWnGpFCgVFl_jFLFqWB52owevEFvwxh99k0zDlmTAy0z9fl183-7ft5iBr6uABtDShG7_1sBb2DrBrPcaR7c9e-VPACOkru4
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms21082890
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_19839_5
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms23020594
crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_29317
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40200_019_00474_3
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu15132837
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms25189934
crossref_primary_10_3389_fphar_2021_712531
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_022_02299_z
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jff_2020_104078
crossref_primary_10_3390_app112411871
crossref_primary_10_3390_children11030329
crossref_primary_10_1080_23311932_2020_1811048
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu13051450
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu16070917
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foodres_2024_114153
crossref_primary_10_1128_aem_01087_22
crossref_primary_10_1002_edm2_402
crossref_primary_10_1080_03630242_2022_2072048
crossref_primary_10_1111_1471_0307_13163
crossref_primary_10_3389_frmbi_2024_1301857
crossref_primary_10_1002_oby_23731
crossref_primary_10_1111_ijfs_15020
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jff_2019_103659
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_70724_5
crossref_primary_10_21518_2079_701X_2020_10_134_142
crossref_primary_10_20473_mgi_v16i3_296_305
crossref_primary_10_3390_fermentation8050220
crossref_primary_10_1039_D0FO01483D
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu13061902
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41398_024_02735_z
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph182212049
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biopha_2021_112414
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engmic_2022_100034
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2024_e25981
crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2020_544490
crossref_primary_10_3390_applmicrobiol4010004
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2022_989427
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu14132631
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41575_021_00499_1
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fbio_2023_103226
crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms10020452
crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms7100456
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu13051436
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12602_022_09912_w
crossref_primary_10_1111_jfbc_14081
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_78285_3
crossref_primary_10_1002_vms3_1260
crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2023_1178155
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00394_021_02484_5
crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms10030522
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fbio_2021_101115
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clnesp_2022_08_030
crossref_primary_10_23736_S2724_5985_23_03379_X
crossref_primary_10_2478_am_2024_0004
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2022_898037
crossref_primary_10_1128_cmr_00045_23
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biopha_2022_112678
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2025_1554996
crossref_primary_10_3390_toxins12060381
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clnu_2021_06_023
crossref_primary_10_1111_prd_12368
crossref_primary_10_1039_D3FO01104F
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11906_021_01144_7
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13205_019_1841_2
crossref_primary_10_3390_foods11152205
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu14235099
crossref_primary_10_3390_healthcare9050582
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms252212321
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms24021166
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aquaculture_2022_737965
crossref_primary_10_3920_BM2020_0205
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apsb_2020_09_013
crossref_primary_10_3390_biomedicines12122801
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2025_1519925
crossref_primary_10_56294_hl2024_410
crossref_primary_10_1155_2023_9363576
crossref_primary_10_36502_2022_ASJBCCR_6263
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_procbio_2023_07_024
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu12010163
crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2022_1054097
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12602_024_10219_1
crossref_primary_10_1002_fft2_502
crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms8081148
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11064_023_04084_7
crossref_primary_10_23736_S2724_5276_22_06964_6
crossref_primary_10_1111_jam_15703
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12986_023_00739_y
crossref_primary_10_3390_biomedicines9121954
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_60991_7
crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_5773275
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu13103627
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms222011171
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12602_024_10247_x
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_expneurol_2019_113009
crossref_primary_10_1210_endrev_bnab034
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jff_2022_105026
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jiph_2020_08_014
crossref_primary_10_2147_DMSO_S432344
crossref_primary_10_2174_1573399817666210503133747
crossref_primary_10_12998_wjcc_v10_i36_13189
crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_49271
crossref_primary_10_1248_bpb_b20_00335
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu13082878
crossref_primary_10_3389_fonc_2021_638148
crossref_primary_10_7570_jomes_2019_28_4_216
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12967_023_04319_9
crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2019_01809
crossref_primary_10_3390_app14135578
crossref_primary_10_1210_clinem_dgab369
crossref_primary_10_48071_sbuhemsirelik_1430172
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2023_1205434
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms22041788
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jafc_3c03149
crossref_primary_10_1080_10408398_2023_2173719
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cofs_2021_07_002
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2021_762929
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms21072285
crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms8060921
crossref_primary_10_1097_MPG_0000000000003075
crossref_primary_10_47495_okufbed_1289534
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bcp_2020_113925
crossref_primary_10_14710_jnc_v12i2_36269
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms21144929
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foohum_2024_100317
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms23116097
crossref_primary_10_3390_biology11020160
crossref_primary_10_3390_biom11030440
crossref_primary_10_3390_metabo12040313
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu13124510
crossref_primary_10_3390_foods13142227
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu16142321
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2022_819882
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms24076414
crossref_primary_10_1039_D1FO00448D
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu11112690
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nut_2024_112565
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12602_022_09986_6
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph18189774
crossref_primary_10_1002_biot_202000013
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu15194222
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms23052689
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu12092749
crossref_primary_10_1155_2020_5487659
crossref_primary_10_32415_jscientia_2019_06_01
crossref_primary_10_1080_17501911_2025_2473309
crossref_primary_10_1186_s40168_022_01307_x
crossref_primary_10_2174_138161282603200306092307
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2023_1142527
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10499_024_01448_w
crossref_primary_10_3920_BM2020_0111
crossref_primary_10_1590_1678_9865202134e190174
crossref_primary_10_1097_j_pbj_0000000000000111
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2024_1387394
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40471_024_00351_5
crossref_primary_10_1080_17474124_2021_1963232
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nutres_2023_04_003
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijbiomac_2024_135340
crossref_primary_10_3390_biology13070511
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40200_023_01284_4
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10482_020_01445_y
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nut_2021_111285
crossref_primary_10_1002_mnfr_202200387
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_48718_w
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anaerobe_2020_102248
crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2022_997018
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trsl_2020_07_012
crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2024_1277921
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms23137229
crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2021_729530
crossref_primary_10_1186_s13098_024_01561_z
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cbpb_2021_110634
crossref_primary_10_3389_fphar_2021_740636
crossref_primary_10_3390_metabo15020070
crossref_primary_10_1093_nutrit_nuae212
crossref_primary_10_19127_bshealthscience_1084648
crossref_primary_10_1136_gutjnl_2019_319726
crossref_primary_10_1039_D1FO03170H
crossref_primary_10_1002_jsfa_12242
crossref_primary_10_3390_metabo14020129
crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms7040109
crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2020_564376
crossref_primary_10_3390_app13116489
crossref_primary_10_46542_pe_2022_222_915
crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_40948
crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms10061151
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_focha_2025_100919
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu13093161
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_leukres_2023_107017
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu16091373
crossref_primary_10_1080_27697061_2024_2320192
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_medmic_2024_100106
crossref_primary_10_1053_j_jrn_2022_04_001
crossref_primary_10_17352_ojbs_000036
crossref_primary_10_2147_DMSO_S378396
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms24032071
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10068_023_01381_3
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jff_2022_105074
crossref_primary_10_1080_19490976_2023_2178796
crossref_primary_10_1080_07448481_2025_2475309
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41579_024_01108_z
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2021_811619
crossref_primary_10_1002_fsn3_3073
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu14245361
crossref_primary_10_3390_cells9030575
crossref_primary_10_5937_arhfarm74_50645
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu12030839
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12275_022_2087_y
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu12092824
crossref_primary_10_1111_nbu_12448
crossref_primary_10_1096_fj_202100756R
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2022_966152
crossref_primary_10_3390_antiox9090848
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11010_024_05185_9
crossref_primary_10_1155_2023_7057462
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu13041062
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2022_949809
crossref_primary_10_3390_ani13193007
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu15040987
crossref_primary_10_2174_0113892010243018231025065109
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12602_021_09760_0
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu15214549
crossref_primary_10_1039_C9FO01534E
crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2024_1335810
crossref_primary_10_1096_fj_202001007R
crossref_primary_10_1111_jam_15536
crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms10010052
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41575_023_00867_z
crossref_primary_10_1590_1806_9282_20220375
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu12071921
crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_46960
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drudis_2024_103921
crossref_primary_10_1186_s13098_020_00587_3
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11481_023_10069_8
crossref_primary_10_3389_fsufs_2022_1027762
Cites_doi 10.1038/ijo.2010.50
10.1007/s12602-017-9273-y
10.1097/MPG.0000000000001310
10.1017/S0007114514003110
10.1111/nmo.12046
10.1136/gut.2008.165886
10.1080/09581596.2017.1282604
10.1016/j.molmet.2012.07.002
10.1053/j.gastro.2017.03.051
10.1038/nm.4142
10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.10.036
10.1007/s13679-017-0277-4
10.1111/obr.12551
10.1079/BJN20061791
10.1007/s10620-007-0174-x
10.1021/jf2009777
10.1186/s13073-016-0296-x
10.1371/journal.pone.0071026
10.1111/dom.13240
10.15698/mic2016.10.536
10.1111/ijpo.12273
10.1017/S0007114513003607
10.1097/MPG.0b013e318263066c
10.1073/pnas.1219451110
10.1177/0115426506021004351
10.1097/MOG.0b013e3282f0cffc
10.1186/s12986-016-0067-0
10.1007/s13167-017-0117-3
10.1093/ajcn/52.4.675
10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133285
10.1002/biof.1429
10.3390/nu10101457
10.1097/MCG.0000000000000653
10.1038/oby.2009.167
10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.047
10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.009
10.1017/S0007114509993539
10.3920/BM2009.0036
10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.11.001
10.1371/journal.pone.0041079
10.1177/0260106017699632
10.1002/oby.21230
10.1007/s00394-017-1555-3
10.1016/S2468-1253(17)30147-4
10.1074/jbc.M111.271007
10.1038/nutd.2014.23
10.12938/bmfh.18-001
10.4049/jimmunol.181.9.5829
10.1016/j.amepre.2018.08.026
10.1016/B978-0-12-816328-3.00005-2
10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.039
10.3390/nu10060773
10.1007/s00383-002-0855-7
10.1126/science.1241214
10.1038/ejcn.2016.17
10.1038/s41579-018-0036-x
10.1079/BJN/2002530
10.1016/j.cell.2011.09.009
10.1038/nature18846
10.1111/obr.12107
10.1089/jmf.2017.3937
10.1097/MCG.0b013e318269fdd5
10.1016/j.clnu.2009.01.013
10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01931.x
10.1177/0884533611436116
10.1038/86373
10.1017/S0007114507747803
10.1053/j.gastro.2017.05.055
10.3945/ajcn.2008.26701
10.3945/an.116.012914
10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.03.001
10.1002/oby.21671
10.3389/fendo.2017.00170
10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.09.017
10.1385/ENDO:13:2:167
10.1002/bdrc.21117
10.1136/gut.2003.037325
10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02730.x
10.1053/j.gastro.2009.08.042
10.1038/ejcn.2010.19
10.1136/gut.52.10.1522
10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03562.x
10.1038/oby.2007.16
10.1111/cmi.12830
10.1038/nrgastro.2012.161
10.1038/s41366-018-0220-0
10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70134-2
10.1111/apt.12758
10.1084/jem.190.2.229
10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.02.036
10.3945/ajcn.2008.26242
10.3945/ajcn.2009.27465
10.1097/01.mcg.0000165671.25272.0f
10.1016/j.copbio.2017.07.011
10.1038/nrgastro.2015.47
10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.03.001
10.1089/jmf.2011.0006
10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.045
10.3390/nu9080859
10.1002/ibd.20602
10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.04.005
10.3390/nu10111613
10.1007/s00394-018-1828-5
10.1038/nrgastro.2017.75
10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00412.x
10.3389/fmicb.2018.01537
10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.09.003
10.1155/2016/7353642
10.1186/s13073-016-0292-1
10.2174/9781681081878117030007
10.1038/nutd.2014.6
10.1371/journal.pone.0030696
10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb09984.x
10.1002/9781118982907.ch30
10.1016/j.nutres.2012.09.010
10.3390/nu9030284
10.3109/09637486.2013.836738
10.2337/db11-0227
10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602350
10.3945/ajcn.112.038893
10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315685
10.1097/MCO.0b013e32835133cb
10.1002/oby.20632
10.3390/nu9091021
10.1017/S0007114511002194
10.1002/mnfr.201700484
10.1016/j.jff.2018.03.039
10.1016/j.nut.2013.09.005
10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03587.x
10.1136/gut.52.7.988
10.3945/ajcn.2009.28095
10.1186/s12263-017-0566-2
10.3945/ajcn.116.140947
10.1016/j.chom.2017.10.005
10.1159/000369555
10.1097/MPG.0000000000001422
10.1002/ibd.21597
10.5772/67422
10.4161/cib.15702
10.1038/nature05414
10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.062
10.1152/ajpgi.00341.2003
10.1128/AEM.02340-06
10.1017/S1368980017001550
10.1097/MOG.0000000000000057
10.1038/nri.2017.39
10.2337/dc18-0777
10.1371/journal.pone.0027961
10.3389/fmicb.2017.01157
10.1128/IAI.72.10.5750-5758.2004
10.1097/MPG.0b013e31821f9b85
10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.006
10.1017/S0007114507328626
10.2217/fmb.15.13
10.1136/gut.52.6.827
10.1016/j.anaerobe.2008.02.001
10.3748/wjg.v16.i27.3394
10.1007/s00203-014-0958-2
10.1128/mBio.01011-14
10.1097/MCG.0b013e31817f184e
10.3168/jds.2017-13868
10.1099/mic.0.040139-0
10.1111/dom.12340
10.1111/obr.12484
10.3168/jds.2016-11611
10.1017/S0029665116002834
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2019. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2019 by the authors. 2019
Copyright_xml – notice: 2019. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2019 by the authors. 2019
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
3V.
7TS
7X7
7XB
88E
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BENPR
CCPQU
DWQXO
FYUFA
GHDGH
K9.
M0S
M1P
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
7S9
L.6
5PM
ADTOC
UNPAY
DOI 10.3390/nu11030635
DatabaseName CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Physical Education Index
ProQuest Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central Korea
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Health & Medical Collection (Alumni)
Medical Database
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
MEDLINE - Academic
AGRICOLA
AGRICOLA - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
Unpaywall for CDI: Periodical Content
Unpaywall
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest Central China
Physical Education Index
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
Health Research Premium Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Korea
Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
AGRICOLA
AGRICOLA - Academic
DatabaseTitleList
MEDLINE
CrossRef
AGRICOLA
MEDLINE - Academic
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: UNPAY
  name: Unpaywall
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://unpaywall.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Access Repository
– sequence: 4
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Anatomy & Physiology
EISSN 2072-6643
ExternalDocumentID 10.3390/nu11030635
PMC6470608
30875987
10_3390_nu11030635
Genre Journal Article
Review
GroupedDBID ---
53G
5VS
7X7
88E
8FE
8FH
8FI
8FJ
A8Z
AADQD
AAFWJ
AAHBH
AAWTL
AAYXX
ABUWG
ACIWK
ACPRK
AENEX
AFKRA
AFRAH
AFZYC
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
APEBS
BENPR
BPHCQ
BVXVI
CCPQU
CITATION
DIK
E3Z
EBD
ECGQY
EIHBH
ESTFP
EYRJQ
F5P
FYUFA
GX1
HMCUK
HYE
KQ8
LK8
M1P
M48
MODMG
M~E
OK1
P2P
P6G
PGMZT
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PPXIY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
PUEGO
RNS
RPM
TR2
UKHRP
ALIPV
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
3V.
7TS
7XB
8FK
AZQEC
DWQXO
K9.
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
7S9
L.6
5PM
ADRAZ
ADTOC
C1A
IAO
IPNFZ
ITC
OZF
RIG
UNPAY
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c505t-ce00d851428cb3659f279806ef4cd826a3eefba89df92b5d14949061335ce21f3
IEDL.DBID M48
ISSN 2072-6643
IngestDate Sun Sep 07 11:17:17 EDT 2025
Tue Sep 30 16:37:52 EDT 2025
Thu Sep 04 16:24:44 EDT 2025
Fri Sep 05 04:38:30 EDT 2025
Sun Sep 07 23:53:39 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 03 06:59:20 EDT 2025
Wed Oct 01 03:12:19 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:55:00 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 3
Keywords prebiotics
nutrition
gut microbiota
obesity
probiotics
Language English
License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
cc-by
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c505t-ce00d851428cb3659f279806ef4cd826a3eefba89df92b5d14949061335ce21f3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
These authors contributed equally to this work.
ORCID 0000-0002-2643-5956
0000-0002-9860-6785
OpenAccessLink https://www.proquest.com/docview/2302283014?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%
PMID 30875987
PQID 2302283014
PQPubID 2032353
ParticipantIDs unpaywall_primary_10_3390_nu11030635
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6470608
proquest_miscellaneous_2286909947
proquest_miscellaneous_2193162980
proquest_journals_2302283014
pubmed_primary_30875987
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu11030635
crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_nu11030635
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2019-03-15
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2019-03-15
PublicationDate_xml – month: 03
  year: 2019
  text: 2019-03-15
  day: 15
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Switzerland
– name: Basel
PublicationTitle Nutrients
PublicationTitleAlternate Nutrients
PublicationYear 2019
Publisher MDPI AG
MDPI
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
– name: MDPI
References Bray (ref_14) 2017; 18
Yin (ref_64) 2010; 16
Chikindas (ref_131) 2018; 49
Cani (ref_77) 2009; 58
ref_13
Urdaci (ref_148) 2018; 9
Iwasaki (ref_155) 1999; 190
Kasselman (ref_5) 2018; 271
Turnbaugh (ref_30) 2006; 444
ref_96
Genta (ref_107) 2009; 28
Monteiro (ref_4) 2013; 14
Higashikawa (ref_93) 2016; 70
Whelan (ref_115) 2006; 96
Ridlon (ref_39) 2014; 30
Cox (ref_7) 2015; 3
Everard (ref_76) 2011; 60
Parnell (ref_11) 2012; 32
Cani (ref_104) 2009; 90
Bray (ref_3) 2000; 13
Gavin (ref_143) 2018; 41
Kaplan (ref_48) 2012; 15
ref_125
Takahashi (ref_50) 2011; 286
Foster (ref_18) 2017; 7
Bomhof (ref_63) 2014; 22
Parnell (ref_110) 2009; 89
Cleusix (ref_136) 2008; 63
Pineiro (ref_72) 2008; 42
Savino (ref_162) 2018; 192
Alisi (ref_86) 2014; 39
Izaola (ref_117) 2011; 26
Maruvada (ref_20) 2017; 22
Kim (ref_175) 2016; 3
Chen (ref_132) 2014; 196
Hart (ref_158) 2004; 53
Younis (ref_73) 2015; 6
Nicolucci (ref_109) 2017; 153
Zhang (ref_38) 2016; 8
Martens (ref_140) 2018; 16
Otte (ref_150) 2004; 286
Yang (ref_128) 2018; 10
Rumessen (ref_173) 1990; 52
Aziz (ref_49) 2013; 25
Osman (ref_153) 2008; 53
Trabelsi (ref_40) 2017; 76
Ruckert (ref_2) 2018; 28
Loguercio (ref_116) 2005; 39
Quigley (ref_166) 2016; 50
Schwiertz (ref_25) 2010; 18
Virgin (ref_29) 2011; 147
ref_71
Famouri (ref_87) 2017; 64
Montel (ref_169) 2017; 100
Weaver (ref_170) 2011; 59
Everard (ref_69) 2013; 110
Bodnar (ref_99) 2013; 2
Kalinina (ref_159) 2018; 200
Duncan (ref_127) 2009; 11
Liong (ref_82) 2007; 98
ref_78
Duncan (ref_130) 2007; 73
ref_154
Liber (ref_119) 2014; 112
Bubnov (ref_61) 2017; 8
Dehghan (ref_105) 2014; 65
Kumari (ref_45) 2017; 18
Lee (ref_163) 2018; 48
Martinez (ref_19) 2018; 20
Corzo (ref_10) 2019; 89
Luoto (ref_84) 2010; 34
Reimer (ref_111) 2017; 61
Kaji (ref_161) 2018; 101
ref_88
Kellow (ref_123) 2014; 111
Hume (ref_160) 2008; 181
Kim (ref_94) 2018; 21
Boirivant (ref_137) 2007; 23
Donato (ref_151) 2010; 156
Neufeld (ref_35) 2011; 4
Groen (ref_22) 2016; 7
Kumar (ref_51) 2017; 92
Aller (ref_97) 2011; 15
Vulevic (ref_177) 2008; 88
Koleva (ref_46) 2015; 105
Andersson (ref_62) 2010; 1
Peters (ref_122) 2008; 89
Ng (ref_126) 2008; 15
Durkin (ref_53) 2017; 6
ref_58
ref_56
Edrisi (ref_106) 2018; 57
ref_55
Huaman (ref_9) 2018; 155
ref_176
Roselli (ref_65) 2018; 45
Khan (ref_32) 2016; 2016
Casas (ref_66) 2000; 12
Spinler (ref_134) 2008; 14
Clement (ref_24) 2012; 9
Ali (ref_60) 2004; 15
Stenman (ref_113) 2016; 13
Everard (ref_70) 2014; 5
Larsen (ref_89) 2012; 55
Gomes (ref_92) 2017; 25
Parekh (ref_12) 2017; Volume 3
Ridaura (ref_31) 2013; 341
Sazawal (ref_171) 2004; 13
Morelli (ref_8) 2012; 46
Connolly (ref_74) 2012; 15
Mattar (ref_146) 2002; 18
Stagg (ref_157) 2003; 52
Patterson (ref_33) 2016; 92
Cummings (ref_164) 2002; 87
Bindels (ref_167) 2015; 12
Vermeulen (ref_17) 2017; 20
Dehghan (ref_178) 2014; 30
Ejtahed (ref_59) 2019; 52
Roy (ref_129) 2006; 21
Xu (ref_142) 2018; 67
ref_68
ref_67
Cani (ref_103) 2006; 60
Smiljanec (ref_121) 2017; 23
Yeung (ref_172) 2005; 70
Isolauri (ref_15) 2017; Volume 18
Pindjakova (ref_41) 2017; 8
Rescigno (ref_156) 2001; 2
Fernandes (ref_26) 2014; 4
Ilhan (ref_37) 2012; 27
Parnell (ref_75) 2010; 103
Jung (ref_91) 2015; 19
Oozeer (ref_168) 2013; 98
Minami (ref_95) 2018; 37
Russo (ref_112) 2012; 32
Duranti (ref_16) 2017; 12
Tamburini (ref_44) 2016; 22
Mischke (ref_83) 2018; 20
Posovszky (ref_80) 2015; 83
Osterberg (ref_100) 2015; 23
Schlee (ref_139) 2008; 151
Duca (ref_23) 2014; 16
Reynolds (ref_43) 2017; 17
Canfora (ref_120) 2017; 153
Nihei (ref_79) 2018; 44
Hume (ref_108) 2017; 105
Sand (ref_133) 2013; 1828
Kobyliak (ref_21) 2016; 13
Colquitt (ref_52) 2014; 8
Kumar (ref_144) 2018; 20
Shao (ref_47) 2017; 8
Reimer (ref_81) 2008; 16
Guo (ref_145) 2017; 64
Hamer (ref_174) 2008; 27
Sonnenburg (ref_57) 2016; 535
Ickovics (ref_54) 2019; 56
Ueno (ref_152) 2011; 17
Mack (ref_147) 2003; 52
Dinan (ref_34) 2016; 8
Jones (ref_90) 2018; 13
Tarantino (ref_124) 2015; 10
Schellekens (ref_36) 2017; 2
ref_42
ref_102
ref_101
ref_1
Wehkamp (ref_138) 2004; 72
Barrett (ref_149) 2003; 52
Seidel (ref_118) 2007; 97
Lamacchia (ref_141) 2018; 48
Harley (ref_28) 2012; 1
Hildebrandt (ref_27) 2009; 137
Gibson (ref_165) 2017; 14
Vajro (ref_85) 2011; 52
Verhoef (ref_114) 2011; 106
Kadooka (ref_98) 2010; 64
Drissi (ref_135) 2014; 4
ref_6
References_xml – volume: 34
  start-page: 1531
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_84
  article-title: The impact of perinatal probiotic intervention on the development of overweight and obesity: Follow-up study from birth to 10 years
  publication-title: Int. J. Obes.
  doi: 10.1038/ijo.2010.50
– volume: 10
  start-page: 243
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_128
  article-title: Roles of Probiotic Lactobacilli Inclusion in Helping Piglets Establish Healthy Intestinal Inter-environment for Pathogen Defence
  publication-title: Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins
  doi: 10.1007/s12602-017-9273-y
– volume: 64
  start-page: 404
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_145
  article-title: Secretions of Bifidobacterium infantis and Lactobacillus acidophilus protect intestinal epithelial barrier function
  publication-title: J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.
  doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001310
– volume: 112
  start-page: 2068
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_119
  article-title: Effect of oligofructose supplementation on body weight in overweight and obese children: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
  publication-title: Br. J. Nutr.
  doi: 10.1017/S0007114514003110
– volume: 25
  start-page: 4
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_49
  article-title: Gut microbiota and gastrointestinal health: Current concepts and future directions
  publication-title: Neurogastroenterol. Motil.
  doi: 10.1111/nmo.12046
– volume: 58
  start-page: 1091
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_77
  article-title: Changes in gut microbiota control inflammation in obese mice through a mechanism involving GLP-2-driven improvement of gut permeability
  publication-title: Gut
  doi: 10.1136/gut.2008.165886
– volume: 28
  start-page: 4
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_2
  article-title: Obesity prevention: Co-framing for intersectoral ‘buy-in’
  publication-title: Crit. Public Health
  doi: 10.1080/09581596.2017.1282604
– volume: 1
  start-page: 21
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_28
  article-title: Obesity and the gut microbiome: Striving for causality
  publication-title: Mol. Metab.
  doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2012.07.002
– volume: 2
  start-page: 56
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_99
  article-title: Effect of probiotics on pro-inflammatory cytokines level in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
  publication-title: Likars’ Ka Sprav.
– volume: 153
  start-page: 87
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_120
  article-title: Supplementation of diet with galacto-oligosaccharides increases bifidobacteria, but not insulin sensitivity, in obese prediabetic individuals
  publication-title: Gastroenterology
  doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.03.051
– volume: 22
  start-page: 713
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_44
  article-title: The microbiome in early life: Implications for health outcomes
  publication-title: Nat. Med.
  doi: 10.1038/nm.4142
– volume: 13
  start-page: 190
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_113
  article-title: Probiotic with or without fiber controls body fat mass, associated with serum zonulin, in overweight and obese adults—Randomized controlled trial
  publication-title: EBioMedicine
  doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.10.036
– volume: 6
  start-page: 278
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_53
  article-title: What Is the Evidence for Paediatric/Adolescent Bariatric Surgery?
  publication-title: Curr. Obes. Rep.
  doi: 10.1007/s13679-017-0277-4
– ident: ref_1
– volume: 18
  start-page: 715
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_14
  article-title: Obesity: A chronic relapsing progressive disease process. A position statement of the World Obesity Federation
  publication-title: Obes. Rev.
  doi: 10.1111/obr.12551
– volume: 96
  start-page: 350
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_115
  article-title: Appetite during consumption of enteral formula as a sole source of nutrition: The effect of supplementing pea-fibre and fructo-oligosaccharides
  publication-title: Br. J. Nutr.
  doi: 10.1079/BJN20061791
– volume: 53
  start-page: 2464
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_153
  article-title: Probiotics and blueberry attenuate the severity of DSS-induced colitis
  publication-title: Dig. Dis. Sci.
  doi: 10.1007/s10620-007-0174-x
– volume: 59
  start-page: 6501
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_170
  article-title: Galactooligosaccharides improve mineral absorption and bone properties in growing rats through gut fermentation
  publication-title: J. Agric. Food Chem.
  doi: 10.1021/jf2009777
– volume: 8
  start-page: 46
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_38
  article-title: Microbial metabolism of dietary components to bioactive metabolites: Opportunities for new therapeutic interventions
  publication-title: Genome Med.
  doi: 10.1186/s13073-016-0296-x
– ident: ref_78
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071026
– volume: 20
  start-page: 1408
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_83
  article-title: Specific synbiotics in early life protect against diet-induced obesity in adult mice
  publication-title: Diabetes Obes. Metab.
  doi: 10.1111/dom.13240
– volume: 3
  start-page: 529
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_175
  article-title: B cell-helping functions of gut microbial metabolites
  publication-title: Microb. Cell
  doi: 10.15698/mic2016.10.536
– volume: 13
  start-page: 705
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_90
  article-title: Probiotic supplementation increases obesity with no detectable effects on liver fat or gut microbiota in obese Hispanic adolescents: A 16-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
  publication-title: Pediatr. Obes.
  doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12273
– volume: 111
  start-page: 1147
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_123
  article-title: Metabolic benefits of dietary prebiotics in human subjects: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials
  publication-title: Br. J. Nutr.
  doi: 10.1017/S0007114513003607
– volume: 55
  start-page: 673
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_89
  article-title: Probiotics to adolescents with obesity: Effects on inflammation and metabolic syndrome
  publication-title: J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.
  doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e318263066c
– volume: 110
  start-page: 9066
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_69
  article-title: Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1219451110
– volume: 21
  start-page: 351
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_129
  article-title: Short-chain fatty acids: Ready for prime time?
  publication-title: Nutr. Clin. Pract.
  doi: 10.1177/0115426506021004351
– volume: 23
  start-page: 679
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_137
  article-title: The mechanism of action of probiotics
  publication-title: Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol.
  doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e3282f0cffc
– volume: 13
  start-page: 14
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_21
  article-title: Probiotics in prevention and treatment of obesity: A critical view
  publication-title: Nutr. Metab.
  doi: 10.1186/s12986-016-0067-0
– volume: 8
  start-page: 357
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_61
  article-title: Comparative study of probiotic effects of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria strains on cholesterol levels, liver morphology and the gut microbiota in obese mice
  publication-title: EPMA J.
  doi: 10.1007/s13167-017-0117-3
– volume: 52
  start-page: 675
  year: 1990
  ident: ref_173
  article-title: Fructans of Jerusalem artichokes: Intestinal transport, absorption, fermentation, and influence on blood glucose, insulin, and C-peptide responses in healthy subjects
  publication-title: Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
  doi: 10.1093/ajcn/52.4.675
– volume: 92
  start-page: 286
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_33
  article-title: Gut microbiota, obesity and diabetes
  publication-title: Postgrad. Med. J.
  doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133285
– volume: 44
  start-page: 336
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_79
  article-title: Dietary α-cyclodextrin modifies gut microbiota and reduces fat accumulation in high-fat-diet-fed obese mice
  publication-title: BioFactors
  doi: 10.1002/biof.1429
– ident: ref_176
  doi: 10.3390/nu10101457
– volume: 50
  start-page: 704
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_166
  article-title: World Gastroenterology Organisation global guidelines irritable bowel syndrome: A global perspective update September 2015
  publication-title: J. Clin. Gastroenterol.
  doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000653
– volume: 18
  start-page: 190
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_25
  article-title: Microbiota and SCFA in lean and overweight healthy subjects
  publication-title: Obesity
  doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.167
– volume: 48
  start-page: 507
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_141
  article-title: Temperature-treated gluten proteins in Gluten-Friendly™ bread increase mucus production and gut-barrier function in human intestinal goblet cells
  publication-title: J. Funct. Foods
  doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.047
– volume: 48
  start-page: 153
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_163
  article-title: Supplementation with the probiotic strain Weissella cibaria JW15 enhances natural killer cell activity in nondiabetic subjects
  publication-title: J. Funct. Foods.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.009
– volume: 13
  start-page: S28
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_171
  article-title: Efficacy of milk fortified with a probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis (DR-10) and prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides in prevention of morbidity and on nutritional status
  publication-title: Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr.
– volume: 103
  start-page: 1577
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_75
  article-title: Effect of prebiotic fibre supplementation on hepatic gene expression and serum lipids: A dose–response study in JCR: LA-cp rats
  publication-title: Br. J. Nutr.
  doi: 10.1017/S0007114509993539
– volume: 1
  start-page: 189
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_62
  article-title: Probiotics lower plasma glucose in the high-fat fed C57BL/6J mouse
  publication-title: Benef. Microbes
  doi: 10.3920/BM2009.0036
– volume: 1828
  start-page: 249
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_133
  article-title: A cationic peptide produced by Lactobacillus plantarum, permeabilizes eukaryotic cell membranes by a mechanism dependent on negative surface charge linked to glycosylated membrane proteins
  publication-title: Biochim. Biophys. Acta
  doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.11.001
– ident: ref_68
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041079
– volume: 23
  start-page: 75
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_121
  article-title: Pre-meal inulin consumption does not affect acute energy intake in overweight and obese middle-aged and older adults: A randomized controlled crossover pilot trial
  publication-title: Nutr. Health
  doi: 10.1177/0260106017699632
– volume: 23
  start-page: 2364
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_100
  article-title: Probiotic supplementation attenuates increases in body mass and fat mass during high-fat diet in healthy young adults
  publication-title: Obesity
  doi: 10.1002/oby.21230
– volume: 57
  start-page: 833
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_106
  article-title: Effects of supplementation with rice husk powder and rice bran on inflammatory factors in overweight and obese adults following an energy-restricted diet: A randomized controlled trial
  publication-title: Eur. J. Nutr.
  doi: 10.1007/s00394-017-1555-3
– volume: 2
  start-page: 747
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_36
  article-title: The microbiota–gut–brain axis in obesity
  publication-title: Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol.
  doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(17)30147-4
– volume: 286
  start-page: 35755
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_50
  article-title: Epigenetic control of host gene by commensal bacteria in large intestinal epithelial cells
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.271007
– volume: 4
  start-page: e121
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_26
  article-title: Adiposity, gut microbiota and faecal short chain fatty acids are linked in adult humans
  publication-title: Nutr. Diabetes
  doi: 10.1038/nutd.2014.23
– volume: 37
  start-page: 67
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_95
  article-title: Effects of Bifidobacterium breve B-3 on body fat reductions in pre-obese adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
  publication-title: Biosci. Microbiota Food Health
  doi: 10.12938/bmfh.18-001
– volume: 181
  start-page: 5829
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_160
  article-title: Macrophages as APC and the dendritic cell myth
  publication-title: J. Immunol.
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.9.5829
– volume: 56
  start-page: e1
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_54
  article-title: Implementing School-Based Policies to Prevent Obesity: Cluster Randomized Trial
  publication-title: Am. J. Prev. Med.
  doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.08.026
– ident: ref_55
  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-816328-3.00005-2
– volume: 52
  start-page: 228
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_59
  article-title: Probiotics supplementation for the obesity management; A systematic review of animal studies and clinical trials
  publication-title: J. Funct. Foods.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.039
– ident: ref_102
  doi: 10.3390/nu10060773
– volume: 18
  start-page: 586
  year: 2002
  ident: ref_146
  article-title: Probiotics up-regulate MUC-2 mucin gene expression in a Caco-2 cell-culture model
  publication-title: Pediatr. Surg. Int.
  doi: 10.1007/s00383-002-0855-7
– volume: 341
  start-page: 1241214
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_31
  article-title: Gut microbiota from twins discordant for obesity modulate metabolism in mice
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1241214
– volume: 70
  start-page: 582
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_93
  article-title: Antiobesity effect of Pediococcus pentosaceus LP28 on overweight subjects: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
  publication-title: Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
  doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.17
– volume: 16
  start-page: 457
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_140
  article-title: Interactions of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms with the intestinal mucosal barrier
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1038/s41579-018-0036-x
– volume: 87
  start-page: S145
  year: 2002
  ident: ref_164
  article-title: Gastrointestinal effects of prebiotics
  publication-title: Br. J. Nutr.
  doi: 10.1079/BJN/2002530
– volume: 147
  start-page: 44
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_29
  article-title: Metagenomics and personalized medicine
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.09.009
– volume: 535
  start-page: 56
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_57
  article-title: Diet–microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature18846
– volume: 14
  start-page: 21
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_4
  article-title: Ultra-processed products are becoming dominant in the global food system
  publication-title: Obes. Rev.
  doi: 10.1111/obr.12107
– volume: 21
  start-page: 454
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_94
  article-title: Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 Supplementation Reduces the Visceral Fat Accumulation and Waist Circumference in Obese Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
  publication-title: J. Med. Food
  doi: 10.1089/jmf.2017.3937
– volume: 46
  start-page: S1
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_8
  article-title: FAO/WHO guidelines on probiotics: 10 years later
  publication-title: J. Clin. Gastroenterol.
  doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318269fdd5
– volume: 28
  start-page: 182
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_107
  article-title: Yacon syrup: Beneficial effects on obesity and insulin resistance in humans
  publication-title: Clin. Nutr.
  doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.01.013
– volume: 11
  start-page: 2112
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_127
  article-title: The role of pH in determining the species composition of the human colonic microbiota
  publication-title: Environ. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01931.x
– volume: 27
  start-page: 201
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_37
  article-title: Effects of gut microbes on nutrient absorption and energy regulation
  publication-title: Nutr. Clin. Pract.
  doi: 10.1177/0884533611436116
– volume: 2
  start-page: 361
  year: 2001
  ident: ref_156
  article-title: Dendritic cells express tight junction proteins and penetrate gut epithelial monolayers to sample bacteria
  publication-title: Nat. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1038/86373
– volume: 98
  start-page: 736
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_82
  article-title: Effects of a synbiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4962 on plasma lipid profiles and morphology of erythrocytes in hypercholesterolaemic pigs on high-and low-fat diets
  publication-title: Br. J. Nutr.
  doi: 10.1017/S0007114507747803
– volume: 153
  start-page: 711
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_109
  article-title: Prebiotics reduce body fat and alter intestinal microbiota in children who are overweight or with obesity
  publication-title: Gastroenterology
  doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.05.055
– volume: 89
  start-page: 58
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_122
  article-title: No effect of added β-glucan or of fructooligosaccharide on appetite or energy intake
  publication-title: Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26701
– volume: 7
  start-page: 1080
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_22
  article-title: Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Undernutrition
  publication-title: Adv. Nutr.
  doi: 10.3945/an.116.012914
– volume: 20
  start-page: 60
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_19
  article-title: Gut microbiota and obesity
  publication-title: Clin. Nutr. Exp.
  doi: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.03.001
– volume: 25
  start-page: 30
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_92
  article-title: The additional effects of a probiotic mix on abdominal adiposity and antioxidant Status: A double-blind, randomized trial
  publication-title: Obesity
  doi: 10.1002/oby.21671
– volume: 8
  start-page: 170
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_47
  article-title: Antibiotic exposure in early life increases risk of childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: Front. Endocrinol.
  doi: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00170
– volume: 92
  start-page: 251
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_51
  article-title: Review of childhood obesity: From epidemiology, aetiology, and comorbidities to clinical assessment and treatment
  publication-title: Mayo Clin. Proc.
  doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.09.017
– volume: 13
  start-page: 167
  year: 2000
  ident: ref_3
  article-title: Clinical evaluation of the overweight patient
  publication-title: Endocrine
  doi: 10.1385/ENDO:13:2:167
– volume: 105
  start-page: 265
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_46
  article-title: Microbial programming of health and disease starts during fetal life
  publication-title: Birth Defects Res. Part C
  doi: 10.1002/bdrc.21117
– volume: 53
  start-page: 1602
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_158
  article-title: Modulation of human dendritic cell phenotype and function by probiotic bacteria
  publication-title: Gut
  doi: 10.1136/gut.2003.037325
– volume: 32
  start-page: 701
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_11
  article-title: The potential role of prebiotic fibre for treatment and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and associated obesity and insulin resistance
  publication-title: Liver Int.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02730.x
– volume: 137
  start-page: 1716
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_27
  article-title: High-fat diet determines the composition of the murine gut microbiome independently of obesity
  publication-title: Gastroenterology
  doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.08.042
– volume: 64
  start-page: 636
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_98
  article-title: Regulation of abdominal adiposity by probiotics (Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055) in adults with obese tendencies in a randomized controlled trial
  publication-title: Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
  doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.19
– volume: 26
  start-page: 827
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_117
  article-title: Double blind randomized clinical trial controlled by placebo with an alpha linoleic acid and prebiotic enriched cookie on risk cardiovascular factor in obese patients
  publication-title: Nutr. Hosp.
– volume: 52
  start-page: 1522
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_157
  article-title: The dendritic cell: Its role in intestinal inflammation and relationship with gut bacteria
  publication-title: Gut
  doi: 10.1136/gut.52.10.1522
– volume: 27
  start-page: 104
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_174
  article-title: The role of butyrate on colonic function
  publication-title: Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03562.x
– volume: 16
  start-page: 40
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_81
  article-title: Glucose tolerance, lipids, and GLP-1 secretion in JCR: LA-cp rats fed a high protein fiber diet
  publication-title: Obesity
  doi: 10.1038/oby.2007.16
– volume: 20
  start-page: e12830
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_144
  article-title: Cryptosporidium parvum disrupts intestinal epithelial barrier function via altering expression of key tight junction and adherens junction proteins
  publication-title: Cell. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1111/cmi.12830
– volume: 9
  start-page: 590
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_24
  article-title: The importance of the gut microbiota after bariatric surgery
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.
  doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2012.161
– ident: ref_96
  doi: 10.1038/s41366-018-0220-0
– volume: 3
  start-page: 207
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_7
  article-title: Obesity, inflammation, and the gut microbiota
  publication-title: Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol.
  doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70134-2
– volume: 39
  start-page: 1276
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_86
  article-title: Randomised clinical trial: The beneficial effects of VSL#3 in obese children with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
  publication-title: Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.
  doi: 10.1111/apt.12758
– volume: 190
  start-page: 229
  year: 1999
  ident: ref_155
  article-title: Freshly isolated Peyer’s patch, but not spleen, dendritic cells produce interleukin 10 and induce the differentiation of T helper type 2 cells
  publication-title: J. Exp. Med.
  doi: 10.1084/jem.190.2.229
– volume: 271
  start-page: 203
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_5
  article-title: The gut microbiome and elevated cardiovascular risk in obesity and autoimmunity
  publication-title: Atherosclerosis
  doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.02.036
– volume: 88
  start-page: 1438
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_177
  article-title: Modulation of the fecal microflora profile and immune function by a novel trans-galactooligosaccharide mixture (B-GOS) in healthy elderly volunteers
  publication-title: Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26242
– volume: 89
  start-page: 1751
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_110
  article-title: Weight loss during oligofructose supplementation is associated with decreased ghrelin and increased peptide YY in overweight and obese adults
  publication-title: Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27465
– volume: 39
  start-page: 540
  year: 2005
  ident: ref_116
  article-title: Beneficial effects of a probiotic VSL# 3 on parameters of liver dysfunction in chronic liver diseases
  publication-title: J. Clin. Gastroenterol.
  doi: 10.1097/01.mcg.0000165671.25272.0f
– volume: 49
  start-page: 23
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_131
  article-title: Functions and emerging applications of bacteriocins
  publication-title: Curr. Opin. Biotechnol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.07.011
– volume: 12
  start-page: 303
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_167
  article-title: Towards a more comprehensive concept for prebiotics
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.
  doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2015.47
– volume: 7
  start-page: 124
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_18
  article-title: Stress & the gut-brain axis: Regulation by the microbiome
  publication-title: Neurobiol. Stress
  doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.03.001
– volume: 12
  start-page: 247
  year: 2000
  ident: ref_66
  article-title: Validation of the probiotic concept: Lactobacillus reuteri confers broad-spectrum protection against disease in humans and animals
  publication-title: Microb. Ecol. Health Dis.
– volume: 15
  start-page: 33
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_74
  article-title: In vitro fermentation characteristics of whole grain wheat flakes and the effect of toasting on prebiotic potential
  publication-title: J. Med. Food
  doi: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0006
– volume: 155
  start-page: 1004
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_9
  article-title: Effects of prebiotics vs. a diet low in FODMAPs in patients with functional gut disorders
  publication-title: Gastroenterology
  doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.045
– ident: ref_42
  doi: 10.3390/nu9080859
– volume: 15
  start-page: 300
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_126
  article-title: Mechanisms of action of probiotics: Recent advances
  publication-title: Inflamm. Bowel Dis.
  doi: 10.1002/ibd.20602
– volume: 15
  start-page: 583
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_60
  article-title: Effects of soybean isoflavones, probiotics, and their interactions on lipid metabolism and endocrine system in an animal model of obesity and diabetes
  publication-title: J. Nutr. Biochem.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.04.005
– volume: 8
  start-page: CD003641
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_52
  article-title: Surgery for weight loss in adults
  publication-title: Cochrane Libr.
– ident: ref_71
  doi: 10.3390/nu10111613
– ident: ref_88
  doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1828-5
– volume: 14
  start-page: 491
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_165
  article-title: Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.
  doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.75
– volume: 63
  start-page: 56
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_136
  article-title: Glycerol induces reuterin production and decreases Escherichia coli population in an in vitro model of colonic fermentation with immobilized human feces
  publication-title: FEMS Microbiol. Ecol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00412.x
– volume: 9
  start-page: 1537
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_148
  article-title: Antidiarrheal Action of Bacillus subtilis CU1 CNCM I-2745 and Lactobacillus plantarum CNCM I-4547 in Mice Through Different Cellular Pathways
  publication-title: Front. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01537
– volume: 89
  start-page: 77
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_10
  article-title: Effect of selected prebiotics on the growth of lactic acid bacteria and physicochemical properties of yoghurts
  publication-title: Int. Dairy J.
  doi: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.09.003
– volume: 2016
  start-page: 7353642
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_32
  article-title: Role of gut microbiota in the aetiology of obesity: Proposed mechanisms and review of the literature
  publication-title: J. Obes.
  doi: 10.1155/2016/7353642
– volume: 8
  start-page: 36
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_34
  article-title: Mood by microbe: Towards clinical translation
  publication-title: Genome Med.
  doi: 10.1186/s13073-016-0292-1
– volume: Volume 3
  start-page: 204
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_12
  article-title: The Role of Gut Microflora in Obesity-Does the Data Provide an Option for Intervention?
  publication-title: Anti-Obesity Drug Discovery and Development
  doi: 10.2174/9781681081878117030007
– volume: 4
  start-page: e109
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_135
  article-title: Comparative genomics analysis of Lactobacillus species associated with weight gain or weight protection
  publication-title: Nutr. Diabetes
  doi: 10.1038/nutd.2014.6
– ident: ref_67
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030696
– volume: 200
  start-page: 162
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_159
  article-title: Reduction of autoantibody in SLE by probiotic exopolysaccharide-induced inhibitory dendritic cells
  publication-title: Am. Assoc. Immnol.
– volume: 70
  start-page: R88
  year: 2005
  ident: ref_172
  article-title: Prebiotics and iron bioavailability—Is there a connection?
  publication-title: J. Food Sci.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb09984.x
– ident: ref_13
  doi: 10.1002/9781118982907.ch30
– volume: 32
  start-page: 940
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_112
  article-title: Inulin-enriched pasta improves intestinal permeability and modifies the circulating levels of zonulin and glucagon-like peptide 2 in healthy young volunteers
  publication-title: Nutr. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.09.010
– ident: ref_101
  doi: 10.3390/nu9030284
– volume: 65
  start-page: 117
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_105
  article-title: Inulin controls inflammation and metabolic endotoxemia in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized-controlled clinical trial
  publication-title: Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr.
  doi: 10.3109/09637486.2013.836738
– volume: 60
  start-page: 2775
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_76
  article-title: Responses of gut microbiota and glucose and lipid metabolism to prebiotics in genetic obese and diet-induced leptin-resistant mice
  publication-title: Diabetes
  doi: 10.2337/db11-0227
– volume: 60
  start-page: 567
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_103
  article-title: Oligofructose promotes satiety in healthy human: A pilot study
  publication-title: Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
  doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602350
– ident: ref_58
– volume: 98
  start-page: 561S
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_168
  article-title: Intestinal microbiology in early life: Specific prebiotics can have similar functionalities as human-milk oligosaccharides
  publication-title: Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.038893
– volume: 67
  start-page: 1905
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_142
  article-title: Intestinal organoid culture model is a valuable system to study epithelial barrier function in IBD
  publication-title: Gut
  doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315685
– volume: 15
  start-page: 278
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_48
  article-title: Early gut colonization and subsequent obesity risk
  publication-title: Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care
  doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32835133cb
– volume: 22
  start-page: 763
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_63
  article-title: Combined effects of oligofructose and Bifidobacterium animalis on gut microbiota and glycemia in obese rats
  publication-title: Obesity
  doi: 10.1002/oby.20632
– ident: ref_56
  doi: 10.3390/nu9091021
– volume: 106
  start-page: 1757
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_114
  article-title: Effects of oligofructose on appetite profile, glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY3-36 concentrations and energy intake
  publication-title: Br. J. Nutr.
  doi: 10.1017/S0007114511002194
– volume: 61
  start-page: 1700484
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_111
  article-title: Inulin-type fructans and whey protein both modulate appetite but only fructans alter gut microbiota in adults with overweight/obesity: A randomized controlled trial
  publication-title: Mol. Nutr. Food Res.
  doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201700484
– volume: 45
  start-page: 321
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_65
  article-title: Beneficial effects of a selected probiotic mixture administered to high fat-fed mice before and after the development of obesity
  publication-title: J. Funct. Foods.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.03.039
– volume: 30
  start-page: 418
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_178
  article-title: Oligofructose-enriched inulin improves some inflammatory markers and metabolic endotoxemia in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled clinical trial
  publication-title: Nutrition
  doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.09.005
– volume: 151
  start-page: 528
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_139
  article-title: Probiotic lactobacilli and VSL# 3 induce enterocyte β-defensin 2
  publication-title: Clin. Exp. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03587.x
– volume: 52
  start-page: 988
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_149
  article-title: Live probiotics protect intestinal epithelial cells from the effects of infection with entero-invasive Escherichia coli (EIEC)
  publication-title: Gut
  doi: 10.1136/gut.52.7.988
– volume: 90
  start-page: 1236
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_104
  article-title: Gut microbiota fermentation of prebiotics increases satietogenic and incretin gut peptide production with consequences for appetite sensation and glucose response after a meal
  publication-title: Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28095
– volume: 12
  start-page: 18
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_16
  article-title: Obesity and microbiota: An example of an intricate relationship
  publication-title: Genes Nutr.
  doi: 10.1186/s12263-017-0566-2
– volume: 105
  start-page: 790
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_108
  article-title: Prebiotic supplementation improves appetite control in children with overweight and obesity: A randomized controlled trial
  publication-title: Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.140947
– volume: Volume 18
  start-page: 95
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_15
  article-title: Microbiota and Obesity
  publication-title: Intestinal Microbiome: Functional Aspects in Health and Disease
– volume: 22
  start-page: 589
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_20
  article-title: The human microbiome and obesity: Moving beyond associations
  publication-title: Cell Host Microbe
  doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.10.005
– volume: 83
  start-page: 11
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_80
  article-title: Regulation of appetite, satiation, and body weight by enteroendocrine cells. Part 2: Therapeutic potential of enteroendocrine cells in the treatment of obesity
  publication-title: Horm. Res. Paediatr.
  doi: 10.1159/000369555
– volume: 64
  start-page: 413
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_87
  article-title: Effects of probiotics on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children and adolescents
  publication-title: J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.
  doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001422
– volume: 17
  start-page: 2235
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_152
  article-title: Heat-killed body of Lactobacillus brevis SBC8803 ameliorates intestinal injury in a murine model of colitis by enhancing the intestinal barrier function
  publication-title: Inflamm. Bowel Dis.
  doi: 10.1002/ibd.21597
– ident: ref_6
  doi: 10.5772/67422
– volume: 4
  start-page: 492
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_35
  article-title: Effects of intestinal microbiota on anxiety-like behavior
  publication-title: Commun. Integr. Biol.
  doi: 10.4161/cib.15702
– volume: 444
  start-page: 1027
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_30
  article-title: An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature05414
– volume: 192
  start-page: 171
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_162
  article-title: Crying Time and RORγ/FOXP3 Expression in Lactobacillus reuteri DSM17938-Treated Infants with Colic: A Randomized Trial
  publication-title: J. Pediatr.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.062
– volume: 286
  start-page: G613
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_150
  article-title: Functional modulation of enterocytes by gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms
  publication-title: Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.
  doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00341.2003
– volume: 73
  start-page: 1073
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_130
  article-title: Reduced dietary intake of carbohydrates by obese subjects results in decreased concentrations of butyrate and butyrate-producing bacteria in feces
  publication-title: Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1128/AEM.02340-06
– volume: 15
  start-page: 1090
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_97
  article-title: Effect of a probiotic on liver aminotransferases in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients: A double blind randomized clinical trial
  publication-title: Eur. Rev. Med. Pharm. Sci.
– volume: 20
  start-page: 2374
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_17
  article-title: A combined high-sugar and high-saturated-fat dietary pattern is associated with more depressive symptoms in a multi-ethnic population: The helius (healthy life in an urban setting) study
  publication-title: Public Health Nutr.
  doi: 10.1017/S1368980017001550
– volume: 30
  start-page: 332
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_39
  article-title: Bile acids and the gut microbiome
  publication-title: Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol.
  doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000057
– volume: 17
  start-page: 518
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_43
  article-title: Early life factors that affect allergy development
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1038/nri.2017.39
– volume: 41
  start-page: 2178
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_143
  article-title: Intestinal metaproteomics reveals host-microbiota interactions in subjects at risk for type 1 diabetes
  publication-title: Diabetes Care
  doi: 10.2337/dc18-0777
– ident: ref_125
– ident: ref_154
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027961
– volume: 8
  start-page: 1157
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_41
  article-title: Gut dysbiosis and adaptive immune response in diet-induced obesity vs. systemic inflammation
  publication-title: Front. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01157
– volume: 6
  start-page: 1
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_73
  article-title: Health benefits and application of prebiotics in foods
  publication-title: J. Food Process. Technol.
– volume: 72
  start-page: 5750
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_138
  article-title: NF-κB-and AP-1-mediated induction of human beta defensin-2 in intestinal epithelial cells by Escherichia coli Nissle 1917: A novel effect of a probiotic bacterium
  publication-title: Infect. Immun.
  doi: 10.1128/IAI.72.10.5750-5758.2004
– volume: 52
  start-page: 740
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_85
  article-title: Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG in pediatric obesity-related liver disease
  publication-title: J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.
  doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31821f9b85
– volume: 19
  start-page: 744
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_91
  article-title: Supplementation with two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032, reduced body adiposity and Lp-PLA2 activity in overweight subjects
  publication-title: J. Funct. Foods
  doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.006
– volume: 97
  start-page: 349
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_118
  article-title: Influence of prebiotics and antioxidants in bread on the immune system, antioxidative status and antioxidative capacity in male smokers and non-smokers
  publication-title: Br. J. Nutr.
  doi: 10.1017/S0007114507328626
– volume: 10
  start-page: 889
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_124
  article-title: Systematic review on intervention with prebiotics/probiotics in patients with obesity-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
  publication-title: Future Microbiol.
  doi: 10.2217/fmb.15.13
– volume: 52
  start-page: 827
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_147
  article-title: Extracellular MUC3 mucin secretion follows adherence of Lactobacillus strains to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro
  publication-title: Gut
  doi: 10.1136/gut.52.6.827
– volume: 14
  start-page: 166
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_134
  article-title: Human-derived probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri demonstrate antimicrobial activities targeting diverse enteric bacterial pathogens
  publication-title: Anaerobe
  doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2008.02.001
– volume: 16
  start-page: 3394
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_64
  article-title: Effects of four Bifidobacteria on obesity in high-fat diet induced rats
  publication-title: World J. Gastroenterol.
  doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i27.3394
– volume: 196
  start-page: 193
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_132
  article-title: Purification and characterization of plantaricin, Y.; a novel bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum 510
  publication-title: Arch. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1007/s00203-014-0958-2
– volume: 5
  start-page: e01011
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_70
  article-title: Saccharomyces boulardii administration changes gut microbiota and reduces hepatic steatosis, low-grade inflammation, and fat mass in obese and type 2 diabetic DB/DB mice
  publication-title: MBio
  doi: 10.1128/mBio.01011-14
– volume: 42
  start-page: S156
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_72
  article-title: FAO Technical meeting on prebiotics
  publication-title: J. Clin. Gastroenterol.
  doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e31817f184e
– volume: 101
  start-page: 2838
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_161
  article-title: Probiotic induction of interleukin-10 and interleukin-12 production by macrophages is modulated by co-stimulation with microbial components
  publication-title: J. Dairy Sci.
  doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13868
– volume: 156
  start-page: 3288
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_151
  article-title: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG attenuates interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α-induced barrier dysfunction and pro-inflammatory signalling
  publication-title: Microbiology
  doi: 10.1099/mic.0.040139-0
– volume: 16
  start-page: 68
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_23
  article-title: Gut microbiota, nutrient sensing and energy balance
  publication-title: Diabetes Obes. Metab.
  doi: 10.1111/dom.12340
– volume: 18
  start-page: 18
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_45
  article-title: Gut microbial metabolism defines host metabolism: An emerging perspective in obesity and allergic inflammation
  publication-title: Obes. Rev.
  doi: 10.1111/obr.12484
– volume: 100
  start-page: 3348
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_169
  article-title: Invited review: Anti-adhesive properties of bovine oligosaccharides and bovine milk fat globule membrane-associated glycoconjugates against bacterial food enteropathogens
  publication-title: J. Dairy Sci.
  doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11611
– volume: 76
  start-page: 192
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_40
  article-title: Intestinal bile acid receptors are key regulators of glucose homeostasis
  publication-title: Proc. Nutr. Soc.
  doi: 10.1017/S0029665116002834
SSID ssj0000070763
Score 2.611371
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Obesity is a global pandemic complex to treat due to its multifactorial pathogenesis—an unhealthy lifestyle, neuronal and hormonal mechanisms, and genetic and...
Obesity is a global pandemic complex to treat due to its multifactorial pathogenesis-an unhealthy lifestyle, neuronal and hormonal mechanisms, and genetic and...
SourceID unpaywall
pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
crossref
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
StartPage 635
SubjectTerms Animals
body mass index
clinical trials
energy metabolism
epigenetics
health services
Humans
intestinal microorganisms
lifestyle
mechanism of action
metabolic diseases
Mice
neurons
Obesity
Obesity - prevention & control
Obesity - therapy
pandemic
Prebiotics
Probiotics
Review
therapeutics
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: ProQuest Health & Medical Collection
  dbid: 7X7
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1NS8QwEA1-HPQifru6SkQRPBSbNk2bkyyiiKCIKOytpE2Cwpqu7i7iv3cm21ZF2WPIFJrMJHmTDO8RcoxnvpBCByILbYDC24EEXB9kjGkhrFHc4Ivu7Z24fuI3_aRfX7iN6rLKZk_0G7WuSrwjPwOo7MmqGD8fvgWoGoWvq7WExjxZZABVMKrTftresXguGxFPWUljyO7P3IShrpbw6m4_zqE_4PJvjeTSxA3V54caDH4cQFerZKVGjrQ3dfUamTNunWz0HGTNr5_0hPpaTn9JvkHuwfv0oRoYWll676mWkI6ZKqehaZrmi6OA_2hD41Q5b_DY1J7jx7VwwCZ5urp8vLgOau2EoARMMw5KE4Ya0BRkF2URi0TaKJVZKIzlpYaUQsXG2EJlUlsZFYlmyFKDZ3uclCZiNt4iC65yZodQLQDDFFrLRBecxzpj3IaRZVIqzYzKOuS0mcm8rInFUd9ikEOCgbOef896hxy1tsMpnca_Vt3GIXm9pEb5dwB0yGHbDYsBXziUM9UEbACOMhHBQGfYRCjCJSVPO2R76uP2V5AeMZEZ9KS_vN8aIBn37x738uxJuQVHHiKYjOM2TmaMcHf2CPfIMgAzibVuLOmShfH7xOwD-BkXBz7CvwDg1wOx
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
– databaseName: Unpaywall
  dbid: UNPAY
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3fa9UwFD7o3YO-bOr8ceeUiEPwoWvTprnNk1zEMQTHRXZhPpW2SdjFa3rZbpXtr985bVo3J0N8DDmBpDnp-U5y-D6APYr5UkkdyCyyAQlvBwpxfZBxrqW0phCGXnS_HMnDufh8kp74C7dzX1aJqfii_UnH0SQOJMbMkPMwCTE2hittP_z0N0nEHiYx_KTqPmxIemAawcb8aDb9Ropy_diOkzTB3D50DSdVLdlqu12LQreg5e0KyQeNWxUXv4rl8lr4OdiCvJ94V3Xyfb9Zl_vV5R-cjv-_skew6ZEpm3au9BjuGfcEtqcOs_IfF-wda2tF20v4bZihd7Gv9dKw2rJZS-VEdM-scBqbpm8uHEN8yXqaqNq1Bsd9bTsN9sIET2F-8On442HgtRmCCjHTOqhMFGlEa5i9VGUiU2XjicoiaayoNKYsRWKMLYtMaaviMtWcWHAIOyRpZWJuk2cwcrUzL4BpiRip1FqluhQi0RkXNootV6rQ3BTZGN73e5VXnric9DOWOSYwtK_5730dw9vBdtXRdfzVarff8twf2fMcc7GWDY2LMbwZuvGw0QtK4UzdoA3CXS5jXOgdNjGJfCklJmN43nnRMBWiX0xVhj2TG_41GBDZ980etzhtSb-lIJ4j_Bh7gyfescKdfzN7CQ8RACqqqePpLozWZ415hSBrXb72J-kKTssg8A
  priority: 102
  providerName: Unpaywall
Title The Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30875987
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2302283014
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2193162980
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2286909947
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6470608
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/3/635/pdf?version=1552652159
UnpaywallVersion publishedVersion
Volume 11
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAFT
  databaseName: Open Access Digital Library
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2072-6643
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000070763
  issn: 2072-6643
  databaseCode: KQ8
  dateStart: 20090101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html
  providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries
– providerCode: PRVBFR
  databaseName: Free Medical Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2072-6643
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000070763
  issn: 2072-6643
  databaseCode: DIK
  dateStart: 20090101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://www.freemedicaljournals.com
  providerName: Flying Publisher
– providerCode: PRVFQY
  databaseName: GFMER Free Medical Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2072-6643
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000070763
  issn: 2072-6643
  databaseCode: GX1
  dateStart: 20090101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://www.gfmer.ch/Medical_journals/Free_medical.php
  providerName: Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research
– providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2072-6643
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000070763
  issn: 2072-6643
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 20090101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
– providerCode: PRVAQN
  databaseName: PubMed Central
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2072-6643
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000070763
  issn: 2072-6643
  databaseCode: RPM
  dateStart: 20090101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
  providerName: National Library of Medicine
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  customDbUrl: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518
  eissn: 2072-6643
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000070763
  issn: 2072-6643
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20090101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Health & Medical Collection
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2072-6643
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000070763
  issn: 2072-6643
  databaseCode: 7X7
  dateStart: 20090101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVFZP
  databaseName: Scholars Portal Journals: Open Access
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2072-6643
  dateEnd: 20250930
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000070763
  issn: 2072-6643
  databaseCode: M48
  dateStart: 20090901
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://journals.scholarsportal.info
  providerName: Scholars Portal
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1Lb9QwEB71cYALAspjoayMqJA4BOLEceIDQgtqqZC6WlVdaTlFTmyrlYJTyq5g_z0zecHSquLoeCwlM7bm--LRNwAHlPOlkiaQWegCarwdKMT1Qca5kdJZLSzd6J5M5fFcfFkkiy3o-3d2DvxxI7WjflLzq-rtr-_rD3jg3xPjRMr-zq84NcvC1LkNu5iRItrdJx3Mb2FwinSdLpujMI0CiVm4VSr9Z_lmbroGOK_XTd5Z-Uu9_qmr6q-kdHQf7nVokk3a8D-ALesfwt7EI5P-tmavWVPf2fw434MZ7gh2WleW1Y7NGvklkmhm2hsc2n544RliQtZLO9W-MTjr69FpcddM4BHMjw7PPh0HXT-FoEScswxKG4YGERYyjrKIZaJclKoslNaJ0iDN0LG1rtCZMk5FRWI4KddQvo-T0kbcxY9hx9fePgVmJOKawhiVmEKI2GRcuDByXCltuNXZCN70nszLTmycel5UOZIO8nr-x-sjeDXYXrYSGzda7fcByftdkiN_ahTMuBjBy2EaDwjdemhv6xXaIETlMsIPvcUmosZcSol0BE_aGA-vQpKJicpwJt2I_mBAAt2bM_7ivBHqloK0idAZB8M-ueULn_2XH57DXcRsisrgeLIPO8urlX2BuGhZjGE7XaRj2P14OJ2d4ujzgo-bg4DP5tPZ5OtvplQOfA
linkProvider Scholars Portal
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwEB6VcigXBJTH0gJGFCQOUePEceJDhSqg2tKHKrSV9haS2BaVFmdpd1Xtn-I3dsZ5tFXR3nqMPIni8Tjz2Z58H8AW5XyppA5kFtqAhLcDhbg-yDjXUlpTCEMnukfHcngqfoyT8Qr86_6FobLK7pvoP9S6rmiPfBuhsier4uLL9G9AqlF0utpJaDRhcWAWl7hku9jZ_4bj-zGK9r6Pvg6DVlUgqDDbz4LKhKFGnIG4uypjmSgbpSoLpbGi0gi2i9gYWxaZ0lZFZaI58bdQ1ouTykTcxvjcB_BQxKEgrv50nPZ7Op47R8YNC2ocq3DbzTnpeEmvJncj790Bs3drMtfmblosLovJ5EbC23sCj1ukynab0HoKK8Y9g_Vdh6v0Pwv2ifnaUb8pvw4nGG3sZz0xrLbsxFM7Ef0zK5zGS9NdnjmGeJN1tFG18wajrtadbm6FCp7D6b149QWsutqZV8C0RMxUaq0SXQoR64wLG0aWK1VobopsAJ87T-ZVS2ROehqTHBc05PX82usD-NDbThv6jv9abXYDkrdT-CK_DrgBvO-bcfLRiUrhTD1HG4S_XEbY0SU2EYl-KSXSAbxsxrh_FaJjTFSGLemt0e8NiPz7dos7--1JwKUg3iN0xlYfJ0t6-Hp5D9_B2nB0dJgf7h8fbMAjBIWK6ux4sgmrs_O5eYPAa1a-9dHO4Nd9T68rT_ZAEQ
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Nb9QwELVKkYALAsrHQgEjChKHaOPYceIDQhVl1VKoVqiV9pY6sS0qbZ0t3VW1f41fx4zz0VZFe-sx8iSKx-PMsz15j5AtzPlSSRPJPHYRCm9HCnB9lDNmpHRWC4snuj8P5O6R-D5JJ2vkb_cvDJZVdt_E8KE2dYV75EOAyoGsiomha8sixjujL7OzCBWk8KS1k9NoQmTfLi9g-Xb-eW8HxvpDkoy-HX7djVqFgaiCzD-PKhvHBjAHYPCq5DJVLslUHkvrRGUAeGturSt1roxTSZkahlwumAF5WtmEOQ7PvUPuZlxwLCfLJlm_vxN4dCRvGFE5V_HQLxhqesmgLHclB94AtjfrM-8v_EwvL_R0eiX5jR6Rhy1qpdtNmD0ma9Y_IRvbHlbsp0v6kYY60rBBv0HGEHn0Vz21tHZ0HGiekAqaam_g0naXJ54C9qQdhVTtg8FhV_eON7eiBU_J0a149RlZ97W3Lwg1EvBTaYxKTSkENzkTLk4cU0obZnU-IJ86TxZVS2qO2hrTAhY36PXi0usD8r63nTVUHv-12uwGpGin83lxGXwD8q5vhomIpyva23oBNgCFmUygoytsEhQAU0pkA_K8GeP-VZCaMVU5tGTXRr83QCLw6y3-5HcgBJcCOZDAGVt9nKzo4cvVPXxL7sHEKn7sHey_Ig8AHyosuWPpJlmf_1nY14DB5uWbEOyUHN_27PoHLV5ETA
linkToUnpaywall http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3fa9UwFD7o3YO-bOr8ceeUiEPwoWvTprnNk1zEMQTHRXZhPpW2SdjFa3rZbpXtr985bVo3J0N8DDmBpDnp-U5y-D6APYr5UkkdyCyyAQlvBwpxfZBxrqW0phCGXnS_HMnDufh8kp74C7dzX1aJqfii_UnH0SQOJMbMkPMwCTE2hittP_z0N0nEHiYx_KTqPmxIemAawcb8aDb9Ropy_diOkzTB3D50DSdVLdlqu12LQreg5e0KyQeNWxUXv4rl8lr4OdiCvJ94V3Xyfb9Zl_vV5R-cjv-_skew6ZEpm3au9BjuGfcEtqcOs_IfF-wda2tF20v4bZihd7Gv9dKw2rJZS-VEdM-scBqbpm8uHEN8yXqaqNq1Bsd9bTsN9sIET2F-8On442HgtRmCCjHTOqhMFGlEa5i9VGUiU2XjicoiaayoNKYsRWKMLYtMaaviMtWcWHAIOyRpZWJuk2cwcrUzL4BpiRip1FqluhQi0RkXNootV6rQ3BTZGN73e5VXnric9DOWOSYwtK_5730dw9vBdtXRdfzVarff8twf2fMcc7GWDY2LMbwZuvGw0QtK4UzdoA3CXS5jXOgdNjGJfCklJmN43nnRMBWiX0xVhj2TG_41GBDZ980etzhtSb-lIJ4j_Bh7gyfescKdfzN7CQ8RACqqqePpLozWZ415hSBrXb72J-kKTssg8A
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Probiotics+and+Prebiotics+in+the+Prevention+and+Treatment+of+Obesity&rft.jtitle=Nutrients&rft.au=Cerd%C3%B3%2C+Tom%C3%A1s&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa-Santos%2C+Jos%C3%A9&rft.au=G.+Berm%C3%BAdez%2C+Mercedes&rft.au=Campoy%2C+Cristina&rft.date=2019-03-15&rft.issn=2072-6643&rft.eissn=2072-6643&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=635&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fnu11030635&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_3390_nu11030635
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2072-6643&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2072-6643&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2072-6643&client=summon