Evidence for Bulk Ripplocations in Layered Solids
Plastically anisotropic/layered solids are ubiquitous in nature and understanding how they deform is crucial in geology, nuclear engineering, microelectronics, among other fields. Recently, a new defect termed a ripplocation–best described as an atomic scale ripple–was proposed to explain deformatio...
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          | Published in | Scientific reports Vol. 6; no. 1; p. 33451 | 
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , | 
| Format | Journal Article | 
| Language | English | 
| Published | 
        London
          Nature Publishing Group UK
    
        19.09.2016
     Nature Publishing Group  | 
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text | 
| ISSN | 2045-2322 2045-2322  | 
| DOI | 10.1038/srep33451 | 
Cover
| Abstract | Plastically anisotropic/layered solids are ubiquitous in nature and understanding how they deform is crucial in geology, nuclear engineering, microelectronics, among other fields. Recently, a new defect termed a ripplocation–best described as an atomic scale ripple–was proposed to explain deformation in two-dimensional solids. Herein, we leverage atomistic simulations of graphite to extend the ripplocation idea to bulk layered solids, and confirm that it is essentially a buckling phenomenon. In contrast to dislocations, bulk ripplocations have no Burgers vector and no polarity. In graphite, ripplocations are attracted to other ripplocations, both within the same, and on adjacent layers, the latter resulting in kink boundaries. Furthermore, we present transmission electron microscopy evidence consistent with the existence of bulk ripplocations in Ti
3
SiC
2
. Ripplocations are a topological imperative, as they allow atomic layers to glide relative to each other without breaking the in-plane bonds. A more complete understanding of their mechanics and behavior is critically important, and could profoundly influence our current understanding of how graphite, layered silicates, the MAX phases, and many other plastically anisotropic/layered solids, deform and accommodate strain. | 
    
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Plastically anisotropic/layered solids are ubiquitous in nature and understanding how they deform is crucial in geology, nuclear engineering, microelectronics, among other fields. Recently, a new defect termed a ripplocation–best described as an atomic scale ripple–was proposed to explain deformation in two-dimensional solids. Herein, we leverage atomistic simulations of graphite to extend the ripplocation idea to bulk layered solids, and confirm that it is essentially a buckling phenomenon. In contrast to dislocations, bulk ripplocations have no Burgers vector and no polarity. In graphite, ripplocations are attracted to other ripplocations, both within the same, and on adjacent layers, the latter resulting in kink boundaries. Furthermore, we present transmission electron microscopy evidence consistent with the existence of bulk ripplocations in Ti
3
SiC
2
. Ripplocations are a topological imperative, as they allow atomic layers to glide relative to each other without breaking the in-plane bonds. A more complete understanding of their mechanics and behavior is critically important, and could profoundly influence our current understanding of how graphite, layered silicates, the MAX phases, and many other plastically anisotropic/layered solids, deform and accommodate strain. Plastically anisotropic/layered solids are ubiquitous in nature and understanding how they deform is crucial in geology, nuclear engineering, microelectronics, among other fields. Recently, a new defect termed a ripplocation-best described as an atomic scale ripple-was proposed to explain deformation in two-dimensional solids. Herein, we leverage atomistic simulations of graphite to extend the ripplocation idea to bulk layered solids, and confirm that it is essentially a buckling phenomenon. In contrast to dislocations, bulk ripplocations have no Burgers vector and no polarity. In graphite, ripplocations are attracted to other ripplocations, both within the same, and on adjacent layers, the latter resulting in kink boundaries. Furthermore, we present transmission electron microscopy evidence consistent with the existence of bulk ripplocations in Ti3SiC2. Ripplocations are a topological imperative, as they allow atomic layers to glide relative to each other without breaking the in-plane bonds. A more complete understanding of their mechanics and behavior is critically important, and could profoundly influence our current understanding of how graphite, layered silicates, the MAX phases, and many other plastically anisotropic/layered solids, deform and accommodate strain. Plastically anisotropic/layered solids are ubiquitous in nature and understanding how they deform is crucial in geology, nuclear engineering, microelectronics, among other fields. Recently, a new defect termed a ripplocation-best described as an atomic scale ripple-was proposed to explain deformation in two-dimensional solids. Herein, we leverage atomistic simulations of graphite to extend the ripplocation idea to bulk layered solids, and confirm that it is essentially a buckling phenomenon. In contrast to dislocations, bulk ripplocations have no Burgers vector and no polarity. In graphite, ripplocations are attracted to other ripplocations, both within the same, and on adjacent layers, the latter resulting in kink boundaries. Furthermore, we present transmission electron microscopy evidence consistent with the existence of bulk ripplocations in Ti3 SiC2 . Ripplocations are a topological imperative, as they allow atomic layers to glide relative to each other without breaking the in-plane bonds. A more complete understanding of their mechanics and behavior is critically important, and could profoundly influence our current understanding of how graphite, layered silicates, the MAX phases, and many other plastically anisotropic/layered solids, deform and accommodate strain.  | 
    
| ArticleNumber | 33451 | 
    
| Author | Barsoum, Michel W. Lang, Andrew C. Tucker, Garritt J. Griggs, Justin Gruber, Jacob Taheri, Mitra L.  | 
    
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jacob surname: Gruber fullname: Gruber, Jacob organization: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University – sequence: 2 givenname: Andrew C. surname: Lang fullname: Lang, Andrew C. organization: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University – sequence: 3 givenname: Justin surname: Griggs fullname: Griggs, Justin organization: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University – sequence: 4 givenname: Mitra L. surname: Taheri fullname: Taheri, Mitra L. organization: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University – sequence: 5 givenname: Garritt J. surname: Tucker fullname: Tucker, Garritt J. organization: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University – sequence: 6 givenname: Michel W. surname: Barsoum fullname: Barsoum, Michel W. organization: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University  | 
    
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27640724$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed | 
    
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| Snippet | Plastically anisotropic/layered solids are ubiquitous in nature and understanding how they deform is crucial in geology, nuclear engineering, microelectronics,... | 
    
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| StartPage | 33451 | 
    
| SubjectTerms | 639/301/1023/1024 639/301/1023/303 Disease transmission Electron microscopy Geology Graphite Humanities and Social Sciences multidisciplinary Nuclear engineering Polarity Science Silicates Solids Transmission electron microscopy  | 
    
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| Title | Evidence for Bulk Ripplocations in Layered Solids | 
    
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/srep33451 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27640724 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1899088175 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1821792249 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5027581 https://www.nature.com/articles/srep33451.pdf  | 
    
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