Evidence of the Mechanism by Which Polyomaviruses Exploit the Extracellular Vesicle Delivery System during Infection

Increasing evidence suggests that human viruses can hijack extracellular vesicles (EVs) to deliver proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and whole viral particles during viral persistence in the host. Human polyomavirus (PyV) miRNAs, which downregulate large T-antigen expression and target host factor...

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Published inViruses Vol. 12; no. 6; p. 585
Main Author Giannecchini, Simone
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 27.05.2020
MDPI
Subjects
animal viruses
Animals
Antigen T (large)
Antigens
Binding sites
Biosynthesis
blood
Cell culture
Cerebrospinal fluid
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA viral load
Extracellular vesicles
Extracellular Vesicles - virology
Gene expression
Genomes
Humans
Infections
messenger RNA
microRNA
MicroRNAs
MicroRNAs - metabolism
miRNA
neutralization
Pathology
patients
Polyomaviridae
Polyomavirus - physiology
Polyomavirus Infections - virology
polyomavirus-associated diseases
polyomaviruses
Population
Proteins
Review
risk
RNA, Viral - metabolism
Saliva
Tumor Virus Infections - virology
urine
Viral infections
viral persistence
virion
Virus Internalization
Viruses
microRNA
viral persistence
DNA viral load
extracellular vesicles
polyomaviruses
polyomavirus-associated diseases
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI10.3390/v12060585

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Abstract Increasing evidence suggests that human viruses can hijack extracellular vesicles (EVs) to deliver proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and whole viral particles during viral persistence in the host. Human polyomavirus (PyV) miRNAs, which downregulate large T-antigen expression and target host factors, help the virus escape immune elimination and may have roles in the success of viral persistence/replication and the development of diseases. In this context, several investigations have detected PyV miRNAs in EVs obtained from cell culture supernatants after viral infection, demonstrating the ability of these vesicles to deliver miRNAs to uninfected cells, potentially counteracting new viral infection. Additionally, PyV miRNAs have been identified in EVs derived from the biological fluids of clinical samples obtained from patients with or at risk of severe PyV-associated diseases and from asymptomatic control healthy subjects. Interestingly, PyV miRNAs were found to be circulating in blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva samples from patients despite their PyV DNA status. Recently, the association between EVs and PyV viral particles was reported, demonstrating the ability of PyV viral particles to enter the cell without natural receptor-mediated entry and evade antibody-mediated neutralization or to be neutralized at a step different from that of the neutralization of naked whole viral particles. All these data point toward a potential role of the association between PyVs with EVs in viral persistence, suggesting that further work to define the implication of this interaction in viral reactivation is warranted.
AbstractList Increasing evidence suggests that human viruses can hijack extracellular vesicles (EVs) to deliver proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and whole viral particles during viral persistence in the host. Human polyomavirus (PyV) miRNAs, which downregulate large T-antigen expression and target host factors, help the virus escape immune elimination and may have roles in the success of viral persistence/replication and the development of diseases. In this context, several investigations have detected PyV miRNAs in EVs obtained from cell culture supernatants after viral infection, demonstrating the ability of these vesicles to deliver miRNAs to uninfected cells, potentially counteracting new viral infection. Additionally, PyV miRNAs have been identified in EVs derived from the biological fluids of clinical samples obtained from patients with or at risk of severe PyV-associated diseases and from asymptomatic control healthy subjects. Interestingly, PyV miRNAs were found to be circulating in blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva samples from patients despite their PyV DNA status. Recently, the association between EVs and PyV viral particles was reported, demonstrating the ability of PyV viral particles to enter the cell without natural receptor-mediated entry and evade antibody-mediated neutralization or to be neutralized at a step different from that of the neutralization of naked whole viral particles. All these data point toward a potential role of the association between PyVs with EVs in viral persistence, suggesting that further work to define the implication of this interaction in viral reactivation is warranted.
Increasing evidence suggests that human viruses can hijack extracellular vesicles (EVs) to deliver proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and whole viral particles during viral persistence in the host. Human polyomavirus (PyV) miRNAs, which downregulate large T-antigen expression and target host factors, help the virus escape immune elimination and may have roles in the success of viral persistence/replication and the development of diseases. In this context, several investigations have detected PyV miRNAs in EVs obtained from cell culture supernatants after viral infection, demonstrating the ability of these vesicles to deliver miRNAs to uninfected cells, potentially counteracting new viral infection. Additionally, PyV miRNAs have been identified in EVs derived from the biological fluids of clinical samples obtained from patients with or at risk of severe PyV-associated diseases and from asymptomatic control healthy subjects. Interestingly, PyV miRNAs were found to be circulating in blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva samples from patients despite their PyV DNA status. Recently, the association between EVs and PyV viral particles was reported, demonstrating the ability of PyV viral particles to enter the cell without natural receptor-mediated entry and evade antibody-mediated neutralization or to be neutralized at a step different from that of the neutralization of naked whole viral particles. All these data point toward a potential role of the association between PyVs with EVs in viral persistence, suggesting that further work to define the implication of this interaction in viral reactivation is warranted.Increasing evidence suggests that human viruses can hijack extracellular vesicles (EVs) to deliver proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and whole viral particles during viral persistence in the host. Human polyomavirus (PyV) miRNAs, which downregulate large T-antigen expression and target host factors, help the virus escape immune elimination and may have roles in the success of viral persistence/replication and the development of diseases. In this context, several investigations have detected PyV miRNAs in EVs obtained from cell culture supernatants after viral infection, demonstrating the ability of these vesicles to deliver miRNAs to uninfected cells, potentially counteracting new viral infection. Additionally, PyV miRNAs have been identified in EVs derived from the biological fluids of clinical samples obtained from patients with or at risk of severe PyV-associated diseases and from asymptomatic control healthy subjects. Interestingly, PyV miRNAs were found to be circulating in blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva samples from patients despite their PyV DNA status. Recently, the association between EVs and PyV viral particles was reported, demonstrating the ability of PyV viral particles to enter the cell without natural receptor-mediated entry and evade antibody-mediated neutralization or to be neutralized at a step different from that of the neutralization of naked whole viral particles. All these data point toward a potential role of the association between PyVs with EVs in viral persistence, suggesting that further work to define the implication of this interaction in viral reactivation is warranted.
Author Giannecchini, Simone
AuthorAffiliation Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, I-50134 Florence, Italy; simone.giannecchini@unifi.it
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32471033$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 6
Keywords microRNA
viral persistence
DNA viral load
extracellular vesicles
polyomaviruses
polyomavirus-associated diseases
Language English
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Snippet Increasing evidence suggests that human viruses can hijack extracellular vesicles (EVs) to deliver proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and whole viral...
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StartPage 585
SubjectTerms animal viruses
Animals
Antigen T (large)
Antigens
Binding sites
Biosynthesis
blood
Cell culture
Cerebrospinal fluid
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA viral load
Extracellular vesicles
Extracellular Vesicles - virology
Gene expression
Genomes
Humans
Infections
messenger RNA
microRNA
MicroRNAs
MicroRNAs - metabolism
miRNA
neutralization
Pathology
patients
Polyomaviridae
Polyomavirus - physiology
Polyomavirus Infections - virology
polyomavirus-associated diseases
polyomaviruses
Population
Proteins
Review
risk
RNA, Viral - metabolism
Saliva
Tumor Virus Infections - virology
urine
Viral infections
viral persistence
virion
Virus Internalization
Viruses
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Title Evidence of the Mechanism by Which Polyomaviruses Exploit the Extracellular Vesicle Delivery System during Infection
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32471033
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Volume 12
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