The Association between Urinary Sodium Excretion and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults from the 2010–2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
The sodium intake of Koreans was higher than that recommended by the World Health Organization. Urinary sodium, which is correlated with sodium intake, can be easily calculated by the Tanaka's equation. This study aimed to evaluate the association between urinary sodium and metabolic syndrome i...
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| Published in | Korean journal of family medicine Vol. 38; no. 4; pp. 199 - 205 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Korea (South)
The Korean Academy of Family Medicine
01.07.2017
대한가정의학회 |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2092-6715 2005-6443 2092-6715 |
| DOI | 10.4082/kjfm.2017.38.4.199 |
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| Abstract | The sodium intake of Koreans was higher than that recommended by the World Health Organization. Urinary sodium, which is correlated with sodium intake, can be easily calculated by the Tanaka's equation. This study aimed to evaluate the association between urinary sodium and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults using the 2010-2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).
A total of 5,870 participants from the 2010-2011 KNHANES were included in this study. Twenty-four hour urinary sodium was calculated by the Tanaka's equation using spot urine. Participants were divided into tertiles based on urinary sodium levels. The association between urinary sodium and metabolic syndrome was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of metabolic syndrome for the 2nd and 3rd tertile of urinary sodium levels was 1.51 (1.16-1.97) and 1.56 (1.23-1.97) compared to the lowest tertile of urinary sodium in men. The ORs and 95% CIs of metabolic syndrome in women were 1.20 (0.95-1.51) for the 2nd tertile and 2.16 (1.68-2.78) for the 3rd tertile. These associations remained statistically significant, even after adjusting for multiple covariates such as age, education, regular exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
These findings indicate that urinary sodium is significantly associated with metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. |
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| AbstractList | The sodium intake of Koreans was higher than that recommended by the World Health Organization. Urinary sodium, which is correlated with sodium intake, can be easily calculated by the Tanaka's equation. This study aimed to evaluate the association between urinary sodium and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults using the 2010-2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).
A total of 5,870 participants from the 2010-2011 KNHANES were included in this study. Twenty-four hour urinary sodium was calculated by the Tanaka's equation using spot urine. Participants were divided into tertiles based on urinary sodium levels. The association between urinary sodium and metabolic syndrome was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of metabolic syndrome for the 2nd and 3rd tertile of urinary sodium levels was 1.51 (1.16-1.97) and 1.56 (1.23-1.97) compared to the lowest tertile of urinary sodium in men. The ORs and 95% CIs of metabolic syndrome in women were 1.20 (0.95-1.51) for the 2nd tertile and 2.16 (1.68-2.78) for the 3rd tertile. These associations remained statistically significant, even after adjusting for multiple covariates such as age, education, regular exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
These findings indicate that urinary sodium is significantly associated with metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. Background: The sodium intake of Koreans was higher than that recommended by the World Health Organization. Urinary sodium, which is correlated with sodium intake, can be easily calculated by the Tanaka’s equation. This study aimed to evaluate the association between urinary sodium and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults using the 2010–2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).Methods: A total of 5,870 participants from the 2010–2011 KNHANES were included in this study. Twenty-four hour urinary sodium was calculated by the Tanaka’s equation using spot urine. Participants were divided into ter-tiles based on urinary sodium levels. The association between urinary sodium and metabolic syndrome was ana-lyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of metabolic syndrome for the 2nd and 3rd ter-tile of urinary sodium levels was 1.51 (1.16–1.97) and 1.56 (1.23–1.97) compared to the lowest tertile of urinary sodi-um in men. The ORs and 95% CIs of metabolic syndrome in women were 1.20 (0.95–1.51) for the 2nd tertile and 2.16 (1.68–2.78) for the 3rd tertile. These associations remained statistically significant, even after adjusting for mul-tiple covariates such as age, education, regular exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption.Conclusion: These findings indicate that urinary sodium is significantly associated with metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. KCI Citation Count: 1 The sodium intake of Koreans was higher than that recommended by the World Health Organization. Urinary sodium, which is correlated with sodium intake, can be easily calculated by the Tanaka's equation. This study aimed to evaluate the association between urinary sodium and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults using the 2010-2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).BACKGROUNDThe sodium intake of Koreans was higher than that recommended by the World Health Organization. Urinary sodium, which is correlated with sodium intake, can be easily calculated by the Tanaka's equation. This study aimed to evaluate the association between urinary sodium and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults using the 2010-2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).A total of 5,870 participants from the 2010-2011 KNHANES were included in this study. Twenty-four hour urinary sodium was calculated by the Tanaka's equation using spot urine. Participants were divided into tertiles based on urinary sodium levels. The association between urinary sodium and metabolic syndrome was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.METHODSA total of 5,870 participants from the 2010-2011 KNHANES were included in this study. Twenty-four hour urinary sodium was calculated by the Tanaka's equation using spot urine. Participants were divided into tertiles based on urinary sodium levels. The association between urinary sodium and metabolic syndrome was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of metabolic syndrome for the 2nd and 3rd tertile of urinary sodium levels was 1.51 (1.16-1.97) and 1.56 (1.23-1.97) compared to the lowest tertile of urinary sodium in men. The ORs and 95% CIs of metabolic syndrome in women were 1.20 (0.95-1.51) for the 2nd tertile and 2.16 (1.68-2.78) for the 3rd tertile. These associations remained statistically significant, even after adjusting for multiple covariates such as age, education, regular exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption.RESULTSThe odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of metabolic syndrome for the 2nd and 3rd tertile of urinary sodium levels was 1.51 (1.16-1.97) and 1.56 (1.23-1.97) compared to the lowest tertile of urinary sodium in men. The ORs and 95% CIs of metabolic syndrome in women were 1.20 (0.95-1.51) for the 2nd tertile and 2.16 (1.68-2.78) for the 3rd tertile. These associations remained statistically significant, even after adjusting for multiple covariates such as age, education, regular exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption.These findings indicate that urinary sodium is significantly associated with metabolic syndrome in Korean adults.CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate that urinary sodium is significantly associated with metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. |
| Author | Chun, Hyejin Kim, Jung Hwa Lee, Sang Wha Shim, Kyung Won Seo, Jeong Eun An, Hee Jeong Byun, A Ri Lee, Hong Soo |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Family Medicine, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea 1 Department of Family Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Department of Family Medicine, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea – name: 1 Department of Family Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea |
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| Keywords | Urine Sodium Metabolic Syndrome Korea |
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| Title | The Association between Urinary Sodium Excretion and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults from the 2010–2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
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