Age Structure, Body Size, and Sexual Dimorphism in a High-Altitude Population of Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771)
This study aimed to describe the morphological characteristics and age structure of a P. ridibundus population sampled from a high altitude. For this purpose, a total of 54 adult frogs (33 males and 21 females) were collected from Şavşat district, Artvin province, Türkiye. The samples were aged base...
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| Published in | Animals (Basel) Vol. 14; no. 22; p. 3230 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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01.11.2024
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2076-2615 2076-2615 |
| DOI | 10.3390/ani14223230 |
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| Abstract | This study aimed to describe the morphological characteristics and age structure of a P. ridibundus population sampled from a high altitude. For this purpose, a total of 54 adult frogs (33 males and 21 females) were collected from Şavşat district, Artvin province, Türkiye. The samples were aged based on skeletochronology method. Furthermore, von Bertalanffy growth curve models were constructed using SVL and weight data. To assess sexual size and shape dimorphism, the measurements of 23 different morphological characters were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. The mean SVL and weight were found to be 78.05 mm and 60.87 g for males and 93.95 mm and 109.61 g for females. The mean age was 3.67 years and 4.05 years for males and females, respectively. The maximum age was found to be 6 years for both sexes. Growth curve models revealed a significant relationship between age, SVL, and weight. A clear female-biased sexual size dimorphism was found in all morphological characters. However, SVL-adjusted values indicated that males had larger head and limb structures resulting from evolutional and sexual pressures associated with reproduction and male–male competition. The shape dimorphism was found only in forelimbs, and it was male-biased and was related to clasping in amplexus. |
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| AbstractList | This study aimed to describe the morphological characteristics and age structure of a P. ridibundus population sampled from a high altitude. For this purpose, a total of 54 adult frogs (33 males and 21 females) were collected from Şavşat district, Artvin province, Türkiye. The samples were aged based on skeletochronology method. Furthermore, von Bertalanffy growth curve models were constructed using SVL and weight data. To assess sexual size and shape dimorphism, the measurements of 23 different morphological characters were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. The mean SVL and weight were found to be 78.05 mm and 60.87 g for males and 93.95 mm and 109.61 g for females. The mean age was 3.67 years and 4.05 years for males and females, respectively. The maximum age was found to be 6 years for both sexes. Growth curve models revealed a significant relationship between age, SVL, and weight. A clear female-biased sexual size dimorphism was found in all morphological characters. However, SVL-adjusted values indicated that males had larger head and limb structures resulting from evolutional and sexual pressures associated with reproduction and male–male competition. The shape dimorphism was found only in forelimbs, and it was male-biased and was related to clasping in amplexus. This study aimed to describe the morphological characteristics and age structure of a P. ridibundus population sampled from a high altitude. For this purpose, a total of 54 adult frogs (33 males and 21 females) were collected from Şavşat district, Artvin province, Türkiye. The samples were aged based on skeletochronology method. Furthermore, von Bertalanffy growth curve models were constructed using SVL and weight data. To assess sexual size and shape dimorphism, the measurements of 23 different morphological characters were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. The mean SVL and weight were found to be 78.05 mm and 60.87 g for males and 93.95 mm and 109.61 g for females. The mean age was 3.67 years and 4.05 years for males and females, respectively. The maximum age was found to be 6 years for both sexes. Growth curve models revealed a significant relationship between age, SVL, and weight. A clear female-biased sexual size dimorphism was found in all morphological characters. However, SVL-adjusted values indicated that males had larger head and limb structures resulting from evolutional and sexual pressures associated with reproduction and male-male competition. The shape dimorphism was found only in forelimbs, and it was male-biased and was related to clasping in amplexus.This study aimed to describe the morphological characteristics and age structure of a P. ridibundus population sampled from a high altitude. For this purpose, a total of 54 adult frogs (33 males and 21 females) were collected from Şavşat district, Artvin province, Türkiye. The samples were aged based on skeletochronology method. Furthermore, von Bertalanffy growth curve models were constructed using SVL and weight data. To assess sexual size and shape dimorphism, the measurements of 23 different morphological characters were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. The mean SVL and weight were found to be 78.05 mm and 60.87 g for males and 93.95 mm and 109.61 g for females. The mean age was 3.67 years and 4.05 years for males and females, respectively. The maximum age was found to be 6 years for both sexes. Growth curve models revealed a significant relationship between age, SVL, and weight. A clear female-biased sexual size dimorphism was found in all morphological characters. However, SVL-adjusted values indicated that males had larger head and limb structures resulting from evolutional and sexual pressures associated with reproduction and male-male competition. The shape dimorphism was found only in forelimbs, and it was male-biased and was related to clasping in amplexus. Simple SummaryThe age structure of amphibian populations plays an essential role in understanding population dynamics, potential impacts of environmental change, and conservation status. The Marsh frog Pelopyhlax ridibundus has become a subject of various studies to investigate age structure and body size variation. However, the populations living at high altitudes were paid less attention to while describing life history traits. Here, sexual dimorphic traits, life history characteristics, and relationship between age and body size/weight are presented for a population located at an altitude of over 2000 m. Accordingly, female samples were larger in terms of body size and body weight. However, male-biased dimorphism was observed in the head and forelimbs and was caused by adaptation to reproduction success. Females had greater mean age than males, but the maximum age (i.e., 6 years) was found identical in both sexes. This study aimed to describe the morphological characteristics and age structure of a population sampled from a high altitude. For this purpose, a total of 54 adult frogs (33 males and 21 females) were collected from Şavşat district, Artvin province, Türkiye. The samples were aged based on skeletochronology method. Furthermore, von Bertalanffy growth curve models were constructed using SVL and weight data. To assess sexual size and shape dimorphism, the measurements of 23 different morphological characters were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. The mean SVL and weight were found to be 78.05 mm and 60.87 g for males and 93.95 mm and 109.61 g for females. The mean age was 3.67 years and 4.05 years for males and females, respectively. The maximum age was found to be 6 years for both sexes. Growth curve models revealed a significant relationship between age, SVL, and weight. A clear female-biased sexual size dimorphism was found in all morphological characters. However, SVL-adjusted values indicated that males had larger head and limb structures resulting from evolutional and sexual pressures associated with reproduction and male-male competition. The shape dimorphism was found only in forelimbs, and it was male-biased and was related to clasping in amplexus. The age structure of amphibian populations plays an essential role in understanding population dynamics, potential impacts of environmental change, and conservation status. The Marsh frog Pelopyhlax ridibundus has become a subject of various studies to investigate age structure and body size variation. However, the populations living at high altitudes were paid less attention to while describing life history traits. Here, sexual dimorphic traits, life history characteristics, and relationship between age and body size/weight are presented for a population located at an altitude of over 2000 m. Accordingly, female samples were larger in terms of body size and body weight. However, male-biased dimorphism was observed in the head and forelimbs and was caused by adaptation to reproduction success. Females had greater mean age than males, but the maximum age (i.e., 6 years) was found identical in both sexes. This study aimed to describe the morphological characteristics and age structure of a P. ridibundus population sampled from a high altitude. For this purpose, a total of 54 adult frogs (33 males and 21 females) were collected from Şavşat district, Artvin province, Türkiye. The samples were aged based on skeletochronology method. Furthermore, von Bertalanffy growth curve models were constructed using SVL and weight data. To assess sexual size and shape dimorphism, the measurements of 23 different morphological characters were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. The mean SVL and weight were found to be 78.05 mm and 60.87 g for males and 93.95 mm and 109.61 g for females. The mean age was 3.67 years and 4.05 years for males and females, respectively. The maximum age was found to be 6 years for both sexes. Growth curve models revealed a significant relationship between age, SVL, and weight. A clear female-biased sexual size dimorphism was found in all morphological characters. However, SVL-adjusted values indicated that males had larger head and limb structures resulting from evolutional and sexual pressures associated with reproduction and male–male competition. The shape dimorphism was found only in forelimbs, and it was male-biased and was related to clasping in amplexus. The age structure of amphibian populations plays an essential role in understanding population dynamics, potential impacts of environmental change, and conservation status. The Marsh frog Pelopyhlax ridibundus has become a subject of various studies to investigate age structure and body size variation. However, the populations living at high altitudes were paid less attention to while describing life history traits. Here, sexual dimorphic traits, life history characteristics, and relationship between age and body size/weight are presented for a population located at an altitude of over 2000 m. Accordingly, female samples were larger in terms of body size and body weight. However, male-biased dimorphism was observed in the head and forelimbs and was caused by adaptation to reproduction success. Females had greater mean age than males, but the maximum age (i.e., 6 years) was found identical in both sexes. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Gül, Serkan Büyüksofuoğlu, Sümeyye Özdemir, Nurhayat Dursun, Cantekin Tabak, Ceren |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Türkiye; nurhayat@ktu.edu.tr 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, 53100 Rize, Türkiye; serkan.gul@erdogan.edu.tr (S.G.); ceren_tabak21@erdogan.edu.tr (C.T.); sumeyye_buyuksofuoglu20@erdogan.edu.tr (S.B.) |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Türkiye; nurhayat@ktu.edu.tr – name: 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, 53100 Rize, Türkiye; serkan.gul@erdogan.edu.tr (S.G.); ceren_tabak21@erdogan.edu.tr (C.T.); sumeyye_buyuksofuoglu20@erdogan.edu.tr (S.B.) |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Serkan orcidid: 0000-0002-0372-7462 surname: Gül fullname: Gül, Serkan – sequence: 2 givenname: Cantekin orcidid: 0000-0001-7766-1470 surname: Dursun fullname: Dursun, Cantekin – sequence: 3 givenname: Ceren surname: Tabak fullname: Tabak, Ceren – sequence: 4 givenname: Sümeyye surname: Büyüksofuoğlu fullname: Büyüksofuoğlu, Sümeyye – sequence: 5 givenname: Nurhayat orcidid: 0000-0002-3880-5846 surname: Özdemir fullname: Özdemir, Nurhayat |
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| Snippet | This study aimed to describe the morphological characteristics and age structure of a P. ridibundus population sampled from a high altitude. For this purpose,... This study aimed to describe the morphological characteristics and age structure of a population sampled from a high altitude. For this purpose, a total of 54... The age structure of amphibian populations plays an essential role in understanding population dynamics, potential impacts of environmental change, and... Simple SummaryThe age structure of amphibian populations plays an essential role in understanding population dynamics, potential impacts of environmental... |
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| SubjectTerms | Age Altitude Amphibians Anatolia Body weight Females Frogs Habitats life history Males marsh frog Morphology Population biology Population decline Reptiles & amphibians shape Variables von Bertalanffy weight |
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| Title | Age Structure, Body Size, and Sexual Dimorphism in a High-Altitude Population of Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771) |
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