The shared genetic architecture of modifiable risk for Alzheimer's disease: a genomic structural equation modelling study

•There is high genetic overlap between Alzheimer's disease modifiable risk factors•Genetic overlap forms distinct clusters of risk factors sharing common aetiology•Shared genetics among risk factors may underpin multimorbidity or cognitive reserve•Alzheimer's disease is genetically distinc...

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Published inNeurobiology of aging Vol. 117; pp. 222 - 235
Main Authors Foote, Isabelle F, Jacobs, Benjamin M, Mathlin, Georgina, Watson, Cameron J, Bothongo, Phazha LK, Waters, Sheena, Dobson, Ruth, Noyce, Alastair J, Bhui, Kamaldeep S, Korszun, Ania, Marshall, Charles R
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 01.09.2022
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ISSN0197-4580
1558-1497
1558-1497
DOI10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.02.016

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Abstract •There is high genetic overlap between Alzheimer's disease modifiable risk factors•Genetic overlap forms distinct clusters of risk factors sharing common aetiology•Shared genetics among risk factors may underpin multimorbidity or cognitive reserve•Alzheimer's disease is genetically distinct from its modifiable risk factors•Education-related genetics may moderate pathways between dementia and risk factors Targeting modifiable risk factors may help to prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the pathways by which these risk factors influence AD risk remain incompletely understood. We identified genome-wide association studies for AD and its major modifiable risk factors. We calculated the genetic correlation among these traits and modelled this using genomic structural equation modelling. We identified complex networks of genetic overlap among AD risk factors, but AD itself was largely genetically distinct. The data were best explained by a bi-factor model, incorporating a Common Factor for AD risk, and 3 orthogonal sub-clusters of risk factors. Taken together, our findings suggest that there is extensive shared genetic architecture between AD modifiable risk factors, but this is largely independent of AD genetic pathways. Extensive genetic pleiotropy between risk factors may influence AD indirectly by decreasing cognitive reserve or increasing risk of multimorbidity, leading to poorer brain health. Further work to understand the biology reflected by this communality may provide novel mechanistic insights that could help to prioritise targets for dementia prevention.
AbstractList •There is high genetic overlap between Alzheimer's disease modifiable risk factors•Genetic overlap forms distinct clusters of risk factors sharing common aetiology•Shared genetics among risk factors may underpin multimorbidity or cognitive reserve•Alzheimer's disease is genetically distinct from its modifiable risk factors•Education-related genetics may moderate pathways between dementia and risk factors Targeting modifiable risk factors may help to prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the pathways by which these risk factors influence AD risk remain incompletely understood. We identified genome-wide association studies for AD and its major modifiable risk factors. We calculated the genetic correlation among these traits and modelled this using genomic structural equation modelling. We identified complex networks of genetic overlap among AD risk factors, but AD itself was largely genetically distinct. The data were best explained by a bi-factor model, incorporating a Common Factor for AD risk, and 3 orthogonal sub-clusters of risk factors. Taken together, our findings suggest that there is extensive shared genetic architecture between AD modifiable risk factors, but this is largely independent of AD genetic pathways. Extensive genetic pleiotropy between risk factors may influence AD indirectly by decreasing cognitive reserve or increasing risk of multimorbidity, leading to poorer brain health. Further work to understand the biology reflected by this communality may provide novel mechanistic insights that could help to prioritise targets for dementia prevention.
Targeting modifiable risk factors may help to prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the pathways by which these risk factors influence AD risk remain incompletely understood. We identified genome-wide association studies for AD and its major modifiable risk factors. We calculated the genetic correlation among these traits and modelled this using genomic structural equation modelling. We identified complex networks of genetic overlap among AD risk factors, but AD itself was largely genetically distinct. The data were best explained by a bi-factor model, incorporating a Common Factor for AD risk, and 3 orthogonal sub-clusters of risk factors. Taken together, our findings suggest that there is extensive shared genetic architecture between AD modifiable risk factors, but this is largely independent of AD genetic pathways. Extensive genetic pleiotropy between risk factors may influence AD indirectly by decreasing cognitive reserve or increasing risk of multimorbidity, leading to poorer brain health. Further work to understand the biology reflected by this communality may provide novel mechanistic insights that could help to prioritise targets for dementia prevention.Targeting modifiable risk factors may help to prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the pathways by which these risk factors influence AD risk remain incompletely understood. We identified genome-wide association studies for AD and its major modifiable risk factors. We calculated the genetic correlation among these traits and modelled this using genomic structural equation modelling. We identified complex networks of genetic overlap among AD risk factors, but AD itself was largely genetically distinct. The data were best explained by a bi-factor model, incorporating a Common Factor for AD risk, and 3 orthogonal sub-clusters of risk factors. Taken together, our findings suggest that there is extensive shared genetic architecture between AD modifiable risk factors, but this is largely independent of AD genetic pathways. Extensive genetic pleiotropy between risk factors may influence AD indirectly by decreasing cognitive reserve or increasing risk of multimorbidity, leading to poorer brain health. Further work to understand the biology reflected by this communality may provide novel mechanistic insights that could help to prioritise targets for dementia prevention.
Targeting modifiable risk factors may help to prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the pathways by which these risk factors influence AD risk remain incompletely understood. We identified genome-wide association studies for AD and its major modifiable risk factors. We calculated the genetic correlation among these traits and modelled this using genomic structural equation modelling. We identified complex networks of genetic overlap among AD risk factors, but AD itself was largely genetically distinct. The data were best explained by a bi-factor model, incorporating a Common Factor for AD risk, and 3 orthogonal sub-clusters of risk factors. Taken together, our findings suggest that there is extensive shared genetic architecture between AD modifiable risk factors, but this is largely independent of AD genetic pathways. Extensive genetic pleiotropy between risk factors may influence AD indirectly by decreasing cognitive reserve or increasing risk of multimorbidity, leading to poorer brain health. Further work to understand the biology reflected by this communality may provide novel mechanistic insights that could help to prioritise targets for dementia prevention.
Author Mathlin, Georgina
Noyce, Alastair J
Dobson, Ruth
Jacobs, Benjamin M
Bhui, Kamaldeep S
Marshall, Charles R
Foote, Isabelle F
Bothongo, Phazha LK
Watson, Cameron J
Korszun, Ania
Waters, Sheena
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  givenname: Kamaldeep S
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  givenname: Charles R
  surname: Marshall
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Keywords EFA
AD
GWAS
Risk factors
Dementia prevention
SNP
Shared genetics
LD
SEM
APOE
Alzheimer's disease
genomic SEM
Dementia
CFA
Language English
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Snippet •There is high genetic overlap between Alzheimer's disease modifiable risk factors•Genetic overlap forms distinct clusters of risk factors sharing common...
Targeting modifiable risk factors may help to prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the pathways by which these risk factors influence AD risk remain...
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SubjectTerms Alzheimer Disease - genetics
Alzheimer Disease - metabolism
Alzheimer's disease
Dementia
Dementia prevention
Genetic Predisposition to Disease - genetics
Genome-Wide Association Study
genomic SEM
Genomics
Humans
Latent Class Analysis
Risk factors
Shared genetics
Title The shared genetic architecture of modifiable risk for Alzheimer's disease: a genomic structural equation modelling study
URI https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S0197458022001312
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35797766
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2687723174
Volume 117
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