Regulation of the Dopamine and Vesicular Monoamine Transporters: Pharmacological Targets and Implications for Disease

Dopamine (DA) plays a well recognized role in a variety of physiologic functions such as movement, cognition, mood, and reward. Consequently, many human disorders are due, in part, to dysfunctional dopaminergic systems, including Parkinson’s disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and sub...

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Published inPharmacological reviews Vol. 67; no. 4; pp. 1005 - 1024
Main Authors German, Christopher L., Baladi, Michelle G., McFadden, Lisa M., Hanson, Glen R., Fleckenstein, Annette E.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 01.10.2015
The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0031-6997
1521-0081
1521-0081
DOI10.1124/pr.114.010397

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Abstract Dopamine (DA) plays a well recognized role in a variety of physiologic functions such as movement, cognition, mood, and reward. Consequently, many human disorders are due, in part, to dysfunctional dopaminergic systems, including Parkinson’s disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and substance abuse. Drugs that modify the DA system are clinically effective in treating symptoms of these diseases or are involved in their manifestation, implicating DA in their etiology. DA signaling and distribution are primarily modulated by the DA transporter (DAT) and by vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT)-2, which transport DA into presynaptic terminals and synaptic vesicles, respectively. These transporters are regulated by complex processes such as phosphorylation, protein–protein interactions, and changes in intracellular localization. This review provides an overview of 1) the current understanding of DAT and VMAT2 neurobiology, including discussion of studies ranging from those conducted in vitro to those involving human subjects; 2) the role of these transporters in disease and how these transporters are affected by disease; and 3) and how selected drugs alter the function and expression of these transporters. Understanding the regulatory processes and the pathologic consequences of DAT and VMAT2 dysfunction underlies the evolution of therapeutic development for the treatment of DA-related disorders.
AbstractList Dopamine (DA) plays a well recognized role in a variety of physiologic functions such as movement, cognition, mood, and reward. Consequently, many human disorders are due, in part, to dysfunctional dopaminergic systems, including Parkinson’s disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and substance abuse. Drugs that modify the DA system are clinically effective in treating symptoms of these diseases or are involved in their manifestation, implicating DA in their etiology. DA signaling and distribution are primarily modulated by the DA transporter (DAT) and by vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT)-2, which transport DA into presynaptic terminals and synaptic vesicles, respectively. These transporters are regulated by complex processes such as phosphorylation, protein–protein interactions, and changes in intracellular localization. This review provides an overview of 1) the current understanding of DAT and VMAT2 neurobiology, including discussion of studies ranging from those conducted in vitro to those involving human subjects; 2) the role of these transporters in disease and how these transporters are affected by disease; and 3) and how selected drugs alter the function and expression of these transporters. Understanding the regulatory processes and the pathologic consequences of DAT and VMAT2 dysfunction underlies the evolution of therapeutic development for the treatment of DA-related disorders.
Dopamine (DA) plays a well recognized role in a variety of physiologic functions such as movement, cognition, mood, and reward. Consequently, many human disorders are due, in part, to dysfunctional dopaminergic systems, including Parkinson's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and substance abuse. Drugs that modify the DA system are clinically effective in treating symptoms of these diseases or are involved in their manifestation, implicating DA in their etiology. DA signaling and distribution are primarily modulated by the DA transporter (DAT) and by vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT)-2, which transport DA into presynaptic terminals and synaptic vesicles, respectively. These transporters are regulated by complex processes such as phosphorylation, protein-protein interactions, and changes in intracellular localization. This review provides an overview of 1) the current understanding of DAT and VMAT2 neurobiology, including discussion of studies ranging from those conducted in vitro to those involving human subjects; 2) the role of these transporters in disease and how these transporters are affected by disease; and 3) and how selected drugs alter the function and expression of these transporters. Understanding the regulatory processes and the pathologic consequences of DAT and VMAT2 dysfunction underlies the evolution of therapeutic development for the treatment of DA-related disorders.Dopamine (DA) plays a well recognized role in a variety of physiologic functions such as movement, cognition, mood, and reward. Consequently, many human disorders are due, in part, to dysfunctional dopaminergic systems, including Parkinson's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and substance abuse. Drugs that modify the DA system are clinically effective in treating symptoms of these diseases or are involved in their manifestation, implicating DA in their etiology. DA signaling and distribution are primarily modulated by the DA transporter (DAT) and by vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT)-2, which transport DA into presynaptic terminals and synaptic vesicles, respectively. These transporters are regulated by complex processes such as phosphorylation, protein-protein interactions, and changes in intracellular localization. This review provides an overview of 1) the current understanding of DAT and VMAT2 neurobiology, including discussion of studies ranging from those conducted in vitro to those involving human subjects; 2) the role of these transporters in disease and how these transporters are affected by disease; and 3) and how selected drugs alter the function and expression of these transporters. Understanding the regulatory processes and the pathologic consequences of DAT and VMAT2 dysfunction underlies the evolution of therapeutic development for the treatment of DA-related disorders.
Author German, Christopher L.
Baladi, Michelle G.
Hanson, Glen R.
McFadden, Lisa M.
Fleckenstein, Annette E.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Christopher L.
  surname: German
  fullname: German, Christopher L.
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Michelle G.
  surname: Baladi
  fullname: Baladi, Michelle G.
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Lisa M.
  surname: McFadden
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  surname: Hanson
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  givenname: Annette E.
  surname: Fleckenstein
  fullname: Fleckenstein, Annette E.
  email: fleckenstein@hsc.utah.edu
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26408528$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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C.L.G. and M.G.B. contributed equally as first authors.
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Snippet Dopamine (DA) plays a well recognized role in a variety of physiologic functions such as movement, cognition, mood, and reward. Consequently, many human...
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SubjectTerms Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors - pharmacology
Animals
Central Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology
Dopamine - metabolism
Dopamine Agents - pharmacology
Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins - pharmacology
Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins - physiology
Glycosylation
Humans
Phosphorylation - physiology
Review
Signal Transduction
Synaptic Transmission
Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins - classification
Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins - pharmacology
Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins - physiology
Title Regulation of the Dopamine and Vesicular Monoamine Transporters: Pharmacological Targets and Implications for Disease
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1124/pr.114.010397
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26408528
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1718075688
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4630566
http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/pharmrev/67/4/1005.full.pdf
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