Eucalyptus increases ceramide levels in keratinocytes and improves stratum corneum function
Synopsis The objectives of this study were to identify a plant extract that would improve stratum corneum functions and to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved. Based on the information that stratum corneum functions depend on the level of ceramide in the stratum corneum, we identified a Eucalyptus e...
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Published in | International journal of cosmetic science Vol. 34; no. 1; pp. 17 - 22 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.02.2012
Wiley |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 0142-5463 1468-2494 1468-2494 |
DOI | 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2011.00675.x |
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Abstract | Synopsis
The objectives of this study were to identify a plant extract that would improve stratum corneum functions and to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved. Based on the information that stratum corneum functions depend on the level of ceramide in the stratum corneum, we identified a Eucalyptus extract that was able to increase the level of ceramide in human keratinocytes in culture and in human stratum corneum and that improves the stratum corneum water holding and barrier functions. Addition of the Eucalyptus extract to human keratinocytes in culture increased the level of ceramide in a dose‐dependent manner and also increased the biosynthesis of ceramide, glucosylceramide and sphingomyelin. Topical application of the Eucalyptus extract on the dry skin of human subjects induced by acetone and diethylether treatment resulted in a significant increase in ceramide level in the stratum corneum, a significant improvement in its water‐holding function and an improvement in its barrier function. The addition of macrocarpal A, one of the main components of the Eucalyptus extract, to human keratinocytes in culture increased the level of ceramide and the mRNA expression of serine palmitoyltransferase, acid sphingomyelinase, neutral sphingomyelinase, glucosylceramide synthase and glucocerebrosidase in a dose‐dependent manner. Our results indicate that the increased content of ceramides in the stratum corneum may underlie the therapeutic effect of the Eucalyptus extract. Our results also indicate the possibility that macrocarpal A is the key component that stimulates the synthesis of ceramide in the stratum corneum.
Résumé
L’objet de cette étude a été d’identifier l’extrait d’une plante qui pourrait améliorer les fonctions de la couche cornée et de permettre d’élucider le(s) mécanisme(s) impliqué(s). En se basant sur les informations recueillies, les fonctions de la couche cornée qui dépendent du niveau de céramide dans la couche cornée, nous avons identifié un extrait de l’Eucalyptus qui a été capable d’augmenter le niveau de la céramide dans les kératinocytes humains dans la couche cornée en culture et chez l’humain et qui permet d’améliorer les fonctions de maintien de l’eau et barrière de la couche cornée. En outre l’extrait de l’Eucalyptus aux kératinocytes humains en culture augmente le niveau de la céramide selon la manière dont dépend le dosage et augmente aussi la biosynthèse de la céramide, de la glucosylcéramide et de la sphingomyéline. Une application topique de l’extrait d’Eucalyptus sur la peau sèche des sujets humains, amené par un traitement à l’acétone et à l’éther diéthylique, a provoqué une augmentation importante de niveau de la céramide dans la couche cornée, et une amélioration significative dans sa fonction de maintien de l’eau et une amélioration dans sa fonction de barrière. L’addition du macrocarpien A, un des principaux composants de l’extrait d’Eucalyptus, aux kératinocytes humains en culture a augmenté le niveau de la céramide et l’expression mRNA [ARN (acide ribonucléique) messager] de la transférase de sérine palmitoyl, d’acide sphingomyélinase, de sphingomyélinase neutre, de glucosylcéramide synthase et de glucocérébrosidase de la manière dont dépend le dosage. Nos résultats indiquent que la teneur augmentée de céramides dans la couche cornée peut être à la base d’un effet thérapeutique de l’extrait d’Eucalyptus. Nos résultats indiquent aussi la possibilité que le macrocarpien A est le composant clé qui stimule la synthèse de la céramide dans la couche cornée. |
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AbstractList | The objectives of this study were to identify a plant extract that would improve stratum corneum functions and to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved. Based on the information that stratum corneum functions depend on the level of ceramide in the stratum corneum, we identified a Eucalyptus extract that was able to increase the level of ceramide in human keratinocytes in culture and in human stratum corneum and that improves the stratum corneum water holding and barrier functions. Addition of the Eucalyptus extract to human keratinocytes in culture increased the level of ceramide in a dose-dependent manner and also increased the biosynthesis of ceramide, glucosylceramide and sphingomyelin. Topical application of the Eucalyptus extract on the dry skin of human subjects induced by acetone and diethylether treatment resulted in a significant increase in ceramide level in the stratum corneum, a significant improvement in its water-holding function and an improvement in its barrier function. The addition of macrocarpal A, one of the main components of the Eucalyptus extract, to human keratinocytes in culture increased the level of ceramide and the mRNA expression of serine palmitoyltransferase, acid sphingomyelinase, neutral sphingomyelinase, glucosylceramide synthase and glucocerebrosidase in a dose-dependent manner. Our results indicate that the increased content of ceramides in the stratum corneum may underlie the therapeutic effect of the Eucalyptus extract. Our results also indicate the possibility that macrocarpal A is the key component that stimulates the synthesis of ceramide in the stratum corneum.The objectives of this study were to identify a plant extract that would improve stratum corneum functions and to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved. Based on the information that stratum corneum functions depend on the level of ceramide in the stratum corneum, we identified a Eucalyptus extract that was able to increase the level of ceramide in human keratinocytes in culture and in human stratum corneum and that improves the stratum corneum water holding and barrier functions. Addition of the Eucalyptus extract to human keratinocytes in culture increased the level of ceramide in a dose-dependent manner and also increased the biosynthesis of ceramide, glucosylceramide and sphingomyelin. Topical application of the Eucalyptus extract on the dry skin of human subjects induced by acetone and diethylether treatment resulted in a significant increase in ceramide level in the stratum corneum, a significant improvement in its water-holding function and an improvement in its barrier function. The addition of macrocarpal A, one of the main components of the Eucalyptus extract, to human keratinocytes in culture increased the level of ceramide and the mRNA expression of serine palmitoyltransferase, acid sphingomyelinase, neutral sphingomyelinase, glucosylceramide synthase and glucocerebrosidase in a dose-dependent manner. Our results indicate that the increased content of ceramides in the stratum corneum may underlie the therapeutic effect of the Eucalyptus extract. Our results also indicate the possibility that macrocarpal A is the key component that stimulates the synthesis of ceramide in the stratum corneum. The objectives of this study were to identify a plant extract that would improve stratum corneum functions and to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved. Based on the information that stratum corneum functions depend on the level of ceramide in the stratum corneum, we identified a Eucalyptus extract that was able to increase the level of ceramide in human keratinocytes in culture and in human stratum corneum and that improves the stratum corneum water holding and barrier functions. Addition of the Eucalyptus extract to human keratinocytes in culture increased the level of ceramide in a dose-dependent manner and also increased the biosynthesis of ceramide, glucosylceramide and sphingomyelin. Topical application of the Eucalyptus extract on the dry skin of human subjects induced by acetone and diethylether treatment resulted in a significant increase in ceramide level in the stratum corneum, a significant improvement in its water-holding function and an improvement in its barrier function. The addition of macrocarpal A, one of the main components of the Eucalyptus extract, to human keratinocytes in culture increased the level of ceramide and the mRNA expression of serine palmitoyltransferase, acid sphingomyelinase, neutral sphingomyelinase, glucosylceramide synthase and glucocerebrosidase in a dose-dependent manner. Our results indicate that the increased content of ceramides in the stratum corneum may underlie the therapeutic effect of the Eucalyptus extract. Our results also indicate the possibility that macrocarpal A is the key component that stimulates the synthesis of ceramide in the stratum corneum. The objectives of this study were to identify a plant extract that would improve stratum corneum functions and to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved. Based on the information that stratum corneum functions depend on the level of ceramide in the stratum corneum, we identified a Eucalyptus extract that was able to increase the level of ceramide in human keratinocytes in culture and in human stratum corneum and that improves the stratum corneum water holding and barrier functions. Addition of the Eucalyptus extract to human keratinocytes in culture increased the level of ceramide in a dose‐dependent manner and also increased the biosynthesis of ceramide, glucosylceramide and sphingomyelin. Topical application of the Eucalyptus extract on the dry skin of human subjects induced by acetone and diethylether treatment resulted in a significant increase in ceramide level in the stratum corneum, a significant improvement in its water‐holding function and an improvement in its barrier function. The addition of macrocarpal A, one of the main components of the Eucalyptus extract, to human keratinocytes in culture increased the level of ceramide and the mRNA expression of serine palmitoyltransferase, acid sphingomyelinase, neutral sphingomyelinase, glucosylceramide synthase and glucocerebrosidase in a dose‐dependent manner. Our results indicate that the increased content of ceramides in the stratum corneum may underlie the therapeutic effect of the Eucalyptus extract. Our results also indicate the possibility that macrocarpal A is the key component that stimulates the synthesis of ceramide in the stratum corneum. L’objet de cette étude a été d’identifier l’extrait d’une plante qui pourrait améliorer les fonctions de la couche cornée et de permettre d’élucider le(s) mécanisme(s) impliqué(s). En se basant sur les informations recueillies, les fonctions de la couche cornée qui dépendent du niveau de céramide dans la couche cornée, nous avons identifié un extrait de l’Eucalyptus qui a été capable d’augmenter le niveau de la céramide dans les kératinocytes humains dans la couche cornée en culture et chez l’humain et qui permet d’améliorer les fonctions de maintien de l’eau et barrière de la couche cornée. En outre l’extrait de l’Eucalyptus aux kératinocytes humains en culture augmente le niveau de la céramide selon la manière dont dépend le dosage et augmente aussi la biosynthèse de la céramide, de la glucosylcéramide et de la sphingomyéline. Une application topique de l’extrait d’Eucalyptus sur la peau sèche des sujets humains, amené par un traitement à l’acétone et à l’éther diéthylique, a provoqué une augmentation importante de niveau de la céramide dans la couche cornée, et une amélioration significative dans sa fonction de maintien de l’eau et une amélioration dans sa fonction de barrière. L’addition du macrocarpien A, un des principaux composants de l’extrait d’Eucalyptus, aux kératinocytes humains en culture a augmenté le niveau de la céramide et l’expression mRNA [ARN (acide ribonucléique) messager] de la transférase de sérine palmitoyl, d’acide sphingomyélinase, de sphingomyélinase neutre, de glucosylcéramide synthase et de glucocérébrosidase de la manière dont dépend le dosage. Nos résultats indiquent que la teneur augmentée de céramides dans la couche cornée peut être à la base d’un effet thérapeutique de l’extrait d’Eucalyptus. Nos résultats indiquent aussi la possibilité que le macrocarpien A est le composant clé qui stimule la synthèse de la céramide dans la couche cornée. Synopsis The objectives of this study were to identify a plant extract that would improve stratum corneum functions and to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved. Based on the information that stratum corneum functions depend on the level of ceramide in the stratum corneum, we identified a Eucalyptus extract that was able to increase the level of ceramide in human keratinocytes in culture and in human stratum corneum and that improves the stratum corneum water holding and barrier functions. Addition of the Eucalyptus extract to human keratinocytes in culture increased the level of ceramide in a dose‐dependent manner and also increased the biosynthesis of ceramide, glucosylceramide and sphingomyelin. Topical application of the Eucalyptus extract on the dry skin of human subjects induced by acetone and diethylether treatment resulted in a significant increase in ceramide level in the stratum corneum, a significant improvement in its water‐holding function and an improvement in its barrier function. The addition of macrocarpal A, one of the main components of the Eucalyptus extract, to human keratinocytes in culture increased the level of ceramide and the mRNA expression of serine palmitoyltransferase, acid sphingomyelinase, neutral sphingomyelinase, glucosylceramide synthase and glucocerebrosidase in a dose‐dependent manner. Our results indicate that the increased content of ceramides in the stratum corneum may underlie the therapeutic effect of the Eucalyptus extract. Our results also indicate the possibility that macrocarpal A is the key component that stimulates the synthesis of ceramide in the stratum corneum. Résumé L’objet de cette étude a été d’identifier l’extrait d’une plante qui pourrait améliorer les fonctions de la couche cornée et de permettre d’élucider le(s) mécanisme(s) impliqué(s). En se basant sur les informations recueillies, les fonctions de la couche cornée qui dépendent du niveau de céramide dans la couche cornée, nous avons identifié un extrait de l’Eucalyptus qui a été capable d’augmenter le niveau de la céramide dans les kératinocytes humains dans la couche cornée en culture et chez l’humain et qui permet d’améliorer les fonctions de maintien de l’eau et barrière de la couche cornée. En outre l’extrait de l’Eucalyptus aux kératinocytes humains en culture augmente le niveau de la céramide selon la manière dont dépend le dosage et augmente aussi la biosynthèse de la céramide, de la glucosylcéramide et de la sphingomyéline. Une application topique de l’extrait d’Eucalyptus sur la peau sèche des sujets humains, amené par un traitement à l’acétone et à l’éther diéthylique, a provoqué une augmentation importante de niveau de la céramide dans la couche cornée, et une amélioration significative dans sa fonction de maintien de l’eau et une amélioration dans sa fonction de barrière. L’addition du macrocarpien A, un des principaux composants de l’extrait d’Eucalyptus, aux kératinocytes humains en culture a augmenté le niveau de la céramide et l’expression mRNA [ARN (acide ribonucléique) messager] de la transférase de sérine palmitoyl, d’acide sphingomyélinase, de sphingomyélinase neutre, de glucosylcéramide synthase et de glucocérébrosidase de la manière dont dépend le dosage. Nos résultats indiquent que la teneur augmentée de céramides dans la couche cornée peut être à la base d’un effet thérapeutique de l’extrait d’Eucalyptus. Nos résultats indiquent aussi la possibilité que le macrocarpien A est le composant clé qui stimule la synthèse de la céramide dans la couche cornée. |
Author | Ishikawa, J. Takema, Y. Fujimura, T. Shimotoyodome, Y. Kitahara, T. Ohkubo, K. Takagi, Y. Chen, S. |
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Keywords | Cell culture Barrier function Eucalyptus globulus Extract Medicinal plant Percutaneous route Local administration Eucalyptus Dicotyledones Sesquiterpenes Angiospermae Myrtaceae Ceramide Keratinocyte Human Terpenoid Stratum corneum Pharmacognosy macrocarpal A Epidermis Gene expression Metabolism In vitro Biological activity In vivo Treatment Plant origin Spermatophyta Skin Dry skin Water holding capacity Topical administration |
Language | English |
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A possible mechanism underlying the ceramide deficiency in atopic dermatitis: expression of a deacylase enzyme that cleaves the N-acyl linkage of sphingomyelin and glucosylceramide. J. Dermatol. Sci. 55, 1-9 (2009). Paige, D.G., Morse-Fisher, N. and Harper, J.I. Quantification of stratum corneum ceramides and lipid envelope ceramides in the hereditary ichthyoses. Br. J. Dermatol. 131, 23-27 (1994). Macheleidt, O., Kaiser, H.W. and Sandhoff, K. Deficiency of epidermal protein-bound omega-hydroxyceramides in atopic dermatitis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 119, 166-173 (2002). Holleran, W.M., Takagi, Y. and Uchida, Y. Epidermal sphingolipids: metabolism, function, and roles in skin disorders. FEBS Lett. 580, 5456-5466 (2006). Bligh, E.G. and Dyer, W.J. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37, 911-917 (1959). Sando, G.N., Howard, E.J. and Madison, K.C. Induction of ceramide glucosyltransferase activity in cultured human keratinocytes. Correlation with culture differentiation. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 22044-22051 (1996). Mao-Qiang, M., Brown, B.E., Wu-Pong, S., Feingold, K.R. and Elias, P.M. Exogenous nonphysiologic vs physiologic lipids. Divergent mechanisms for correction of permeability barrier dysfunction. Arch. Dermatol. 131, 809-816 (1995). Motta, S., Monti, M., Sesana, S., Caputo, R., Carelli, S. and Ghidoni, R. Ceramide composition of the psoriatic scale. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1182, 147-151 (1993). Tagami, H. and Yoshikuni, K. Interrelationship between water-barrier and reservoir functions of pathologic stratum corneum. Arch. Dermatol. 121, 642-645 (1985). Ishikawa, J., Narita, H., Kondo, N. et al. Changes in the ceramide profile of atopic dermatitis patients. J. Invest. Dermatol. 130, 2511-2514 (2010). Shibuya, Y., Kusuoku, H., Murphy, G.K. and Nishizawa, Y. lsoration and structure determination of new macrocarpals from a herbal medicine, eucalyptus globulus leaf. Nat. Med. 55, 28-31 (2001). Yamamoto, A., Serizawa, S., Ito, M. and Sato, Y. Stratum corneum lipid abnormalities in atopic dermatitis. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 283, 219-223 (1991). Melnik, B., Hollmann, J. and Plewig, G. Decreased stratum corneum ceramides in atopic individuals-a pathobiochemical factor in xerosis? Br. J. Dermatol. 119, 547-549 (1988). Elias, P.M. and Schmuth, M. Abnormal skin barrier in the etiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 9, 437-446 (2009). Cho, Y., Lew, B.L., Seong, K. and Kim, N.I. An inverse relationship between ceramide synthesis and clinical severity in patients with psoriasis. J. Korean Med. Sci. 19, 859-863 (2004). Elias, P.M. Epidermal Lipids, Barrier Function, and Desqamation. J. Invest. Dermatol. 80(Suppl), 44s-49s (1983). Matsumoto, M., Umemoto, N., Sugiura, H. and Uehara, M. Difference in ceramide composition between ``dry'' and ``normal'' skin in patients with atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm. Venereol. 79, 246-247 (1999). Yang, L., Mao-Qiang, M., Taljebini, M., Elias, P.M. and Feingold, K.R. Topical stratum corneum lipids accelerate barrier repair after tape stripping. Solvent treatment and some but not all types of detergent treatment. Br. J. Dermatol. 133, 679-685 (1995). Tagami, H., Kobayashi, H., O'goshi, K. and Kikuchi, K. Atopic xerosis: employment of noninvasive biophysical instrumentation for the functional analyses of the mildly abnormal stratum corneum and for the efficacy assessment of skin care products. J. Cosmet. Dermatol. 5, 140-149 (2006). Rawlings, A.V., Davies, A., Carlomusto, M. et al. Effect of lactic acid isomers on keratinocyte ceramide synthesis, stratum corneum lipid levels and stratum corneum barrier function. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 288, 383-390 (1996). Mao-Qiang, M., Feingold, K.R. and Elias, P.M. Exogenous lipids influence permeability barrier recovery in acetone-treated murine skin. Arch. Dermatol. 129, 728-738 (1993). 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References_xml | – reference: Macheleidt, O., Kaiser, H.W. and Sandhoff, K. Deficiency of epidermal protein-bound omega-hydroxyceramides in atopic dermatitis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 119, 166-173 (2002). – reference: Lew, B.L., Cho, Y., Kim, J., Sim, W.Y. and Kim, N.I. Ceramides and cell signaling molecules in psoriatic epidermis: reduced levels of ceramides, PKC-alpha, and JNK. J. Korean Med. Sci. 21, 95-99 (2006). – reference: Rawlings, A.V., Watkinson, A., Rogers, J., Mayo, A.M., Hope, J. and Scott, I.R. Abnormalities in stratum corneum structure, lipid composition, and desmosome degradation in soap-induced winter xerosis. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 45, 203-220 (1994). – reference: Popa, I., Bennaceur, K., Abdul-Malak, N., Perrier, E., Schmitt, D. and Portoukalian, J. Studies of compounds that enhance sphingolipid metabolism in human keratinocytes. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 28, 53-59 (2006). – reference: Melnik, B., Hollmann, J. and Plewig, G. Decreased stratum corneum ceramides in atopic individuals-a pathobiochemical factor in xerosis? Br. J. Dermatol. 119, 547-549 (1988). – reference: Motta, S., Monti, M., Sesana, S., Caputo, R., Carelli, S. and Ghidoni, R. Ceramide composition of the psoriatic scale. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1182, 147-151 (1993). – reference: Tanno, O., Ota, Y., Kitamura, N., Katsube, T. and Inoue, S. Nicotinamide increases biosynthesis of ceramides as well as other stratum corneum lipids to improve the epidermal permeability barrier. Br. J. Dermatol. 143, 524-531 (2000). – reference: Di Nardo, A., Wertz, P., Giannetti, A. and Seidenari, S. Ceramide and cholesterol composition of the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm. Venereol. 78, 27-30 (1998). – reference: Paige, D.G., Morse-Fisher, N. and Harper, J.I. Quantification of stratum corneum ceramides and lipid envelope ceramides in the hereditary ichthyoses. Br. J. Dermatol. 131, 23-27 (1994). – reference: Bligh, E.G. and Dyer, W.J. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37, 911-917 (1959). – reference: Cho, Y., Lew, B.L., Seong, K. and Kim, N.I. An inverse relationship between ceramide synthesis and clinical severity in patients with psoriasis. J. Korean Med. Sci. 19, 859-863 (2004). – reference: Matsumoto, M., Umemoto, N., Sugiura, H. and Uehara, M. Difference in ceramide composition between ``dry'' and ``normal'' skin in patients with atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm. Venereol. 79, 246-247 (1999). – reference: Ishikawa, J., Narita, H., Kondo, N. et al. Changes in the ceramide profile of atopic dermatitis patients. J. Invest. Dermatol. 130, 2511-2514 (2010). – reference: Rawlings, A.V., Davies, A., Carlomusto, M. et al. Effect of lactic acid isomers on keratinocyte ceramide synthesis, stratum corneum lipid levels and stratum corneum barrier function. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 288, 383-390 (1996). – reference: Imokawa, G. A possible mechanism underlying the ceramide deficiency in atopic dermatitis: expression of a deacylase enzyme that cleaves the N-acyl linkage of sphingomyelin and glucosylceramide. J. Dermatol. Sci. 55, 1-9 (2009). – reference: Tagami, H. and Yoshikuni, K. Interrelationship between water-barrier and reservoir functions of pathologic stratum corneum. Arch. Dermatol. 121, 642-645 (1985). – reference: Elias, P.M. and Schmuth, M. Abnormal skin barrier in the etiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 9, 437-446 (2009). – reference: Choi, M.J. and Maibach, H.I. Role of ceramides in barrier function of healthy and diseased skin. Am. J. Clin. Dermatol. 6, 215-223 (2005). – reference: Yang, L., Mao-Qiang, M., Taljebini, M., Elias, P.M. and Feingold, K.R. Topical stratum corneum lipids accelerate barrier repair after tape stripping. Solvent treatment and some but not all types of detergent treatment. Br. J. 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The objectives of this study were to identify a plant extract that would improve stratum corneum functions and to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved.... The objectives of this study were to identify a plant extract that would improve stratum corneum functions and to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved. Based on... |
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SubjectTerms | Administration, Topical Adult Biological and medical sciences ceramide Ceramides - biosynthesis Ceramides - genetics Double-Blind Method Eucalyptus Eucalyptus - chemistry Female General pharmacology Humans keratinocyte Keratinocytes - drug effects Keratinocytes - metabolism macrocarpal A Male Medical sciences Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food Pharmacology. Drug treatments Phloroglucinol - administration & dosage Phloroglucinol - analogs & derivatives Plant Extracts - administration & dosage Plant Extracts - isolation & purification Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis RNA, Messenger - genetics Sesquiterpenes - administration & dosage Skin - drug effects Skin - metabolism stratum corneum Water Loss, Insensible - drug effects Young Adult |
Title | Eucalyptus increases ceramide levels in keratinocytes and improves stratum corneum function |
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