A Starch- and Sucrose-Reduced Diet in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Leads to Lower Circulating Levels of PAI-1 and Visfatin: A Randomized Controlled Study

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 14; no. 9; p. 1688
• Main Authors: Roth, Bodil, Myllyvainio, Julia, D’Amato, Mauro, Larsson, Ewa, Ohlsson, Bodil
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 19.04.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Abdomen; Bread; Cholecystokinin; Constipation; Dairy products; Diabetes; Diet; Endometriosis; Enkephalins; Food; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Ghrelin; Health Sciences; Hormones; Humans; Hälsovetenskap; Insulin; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Medical and Health Sciences; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Metabolism; Motility; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; Nutrition and Dietetics; Näringslära och dietkunskap; Obesity; Peptides; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; Proteins; Questionnaires; Rice; Starch; Sucrose; Well being; ghrelin; irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); cholecystokinin (CCK); AXIN1; starch- and sucrose-reduced diet (SSRD); enkephalins; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1); visfatin
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu14091688

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms. Overweight and increased risk of metabolic syndromes/diabetes are observed in IBS, conditions associated with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and visfatin. The aim of this study was to measure blood levels of AXIN1, cholecystokinin (CCK), enkephalin, ghrelin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), PAI-1, and visfatin before and after a 4-week intervention with a starch- and sucrose-reduced diet (SSRD). A total of 105 IBS patients were randomized to either SSRD (n = 80) or ordinary diet (n = 25). Questionnaires were completed, and blood was analyzed for AXIN1 and hormones. AXIN1 (p = 0.001) and active ghrelin levels (p = 0.025) were lower in IBS than in healthy volunteers at baseline, whereas CCK and enkephalin levels were higher (p < 0.001). In the intervention group, total IBS-symptom severity score (IBS-SSS), specific gastrointestinal symptoms, psychological well-being, and the influence of intestinal symptoms on daily life were improved during the study, and weight decreased (p < 0.001 for all), whereas only constipation (p = 0.045) and bloating (p = 0.001) were improved in the control group. PAI-1 levels tended to be decreased in the intervention group (p = 0.066), with a difference in the decrease between groups (p = 0.022). Visfatin levels were decreased in the intervention group (p = 0.007). There were few correlations between hormonal levels and symptoms. Thus, this diet not only improves IBS symptoms but also seems to have a general health-promoting effect.