Analysis of Caecal Microbiota in Rats Fed with Genetically Modified Rice by Real-Time Quantitative PCR
: The effect of genetically modified rice (GMR) on bacterial communities in caecal content was analyzed in a 90‐d feeding rat model. A total of 12 groups of rats, which included male and female, were fed with the basal diets containing 30%, 50%, 70% GMR (B1, B2, B3) or 30%, 50%, 70% non‐GMR (D1, D2...
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| Published in | Journal of food science Vol. 76; no. 1; pp. M88 - M93 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Malden, USA
Blackwell Publishing Inc
01.01.2011
Wiley Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0022-1147 1750-3841 1750-3841 |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01967.x |
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| Abstract | : The effect of genetically modified rice (GMR) on bacterial communities in caecal content was analyzed in a 90‐d feeding rat model. A total of 12 groups of rats, which included male and female, were fed with the basal diets containing 30%, 50%, 70% GMR (B1, B2, B3) or 30%, 50%, 70% non‐GMR (D1, D2, D3). The structure of intestinal microflora was estimated by real‐time quantitative PCR (RQ‐PCR) based on genus‐specific 16s rDNA primers. SYBR Green was used for accurate detection and quantification of 6 kinds of major bacteria shared by humans and rats. According to RQ‐PCR, the genome copies of Lactobacillus group from the cecum of male rats fed with 70% non‐GMR was higher than those fed with 70% GMR and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus group also higher for group D. This result was in contrast with the E. coli subgroup, which was more numerous in proportion of group B, except D2 and B2 for male rats. The Clostridium perfringens subgroup was numerically more abundant in group D than group B of the same level, also except D2 and B2 for male rats. These results suggested that GMR had a complex effect on caecal microflora that may be related to the health of the host. |
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| AbstractList | The effect of genetically modified rice (GMR) on bacterial communities in caecal content was analyzed in a 90-d feeding rat model. A total of 12 groups of rats, which included male and female, were fed with the basal diets containing 30%, 50%, 70% GMR (B..., B..., B...) or 30%, 50%, 70% non-GMR (D..., D..., D...). The structure of intestinal microflora was estimated by real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) based on genus-specific 16s rDNA primers. SYBR Green was used for accurate detection and quantification of 6 kinds of major bacteria shared by humans and rats. According to RQ-PCR, the genome copies of Lactobacillus group from the cecum of male rats fed with 70% non-GMR was higher than those fed with 70% GMR and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus group also higher for group D. This result was in contrast with the E. coli subgroup, which was more numerous in proportion of group B, except D... and B... for male rats. The Clostridium perfringens subgroup was numerically more abundant in group D than group B of the same level, also except D... and B... for male rats. These results suggested that GMR had a complex effect on caecal microflora that may be related to the health of the host. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.) The effect of genetically modified rice (GMR) on bacterial communities in caecal content was analyzed in a 90-d feeding rat model. A total of 12 groups of rats, which included male and female, were fed with the basal diets containing 30%, 50%, 70% GMR (B1, B2, B3) or 30%, 50%, 70% non-GMR (D1, D2, D3). The structure of intestinal microflora was estimated by real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) based on genus-specific 16s rDNA primers. SYBR Green was used for accurate detection and quantification of 6 kinds of major bacteria shared by humans and rats. According to RQ-PCR, the genome copies of Lactobacillus group from the cecum of male rats fed with 70% non-GMR was higher than those fed with 70% GMR and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus group also higher for group D. This result was in contrast with the E. coli subgroup, which was more numerous in proportion of group B, except D2 and B2 for male rats. The Clostridium perfringens subgroup was numerically more abundant in group D than group B of the same level, also except D2 and B2 for male rats. These results suggested that GMR had a complex effect on caecal microflora that may be related to the health of the host. The effect of genetically modified rice (GMR) on bacterial communities in caecal content was analyzed in a 90‐d feeding rat model. A total of 12 groups of rats, which included male and female, were fed with the basal diets containing 30%, 50%, 70% GMR (B 1 , B 2 , B 3 ) or 30%, 50%, 70% non‐GMR (D 1 , D 2 , D 3 ). The structure of intestinal microflora was estimated by real‐time quantitative PCR (RQ‐PCR) based on genus‐specific 16s rDNA primers. SYBR Green was used for accurate detection and quantification of 6 kinds of major bacteria shared by humans and rats. According to RQ‐PCR, the genome copies of Lactobacillus group from the cecum of male rats fed with 70% non‐GMR was higher than those fed with 70% GMR and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus group also higher for group D. This result was in contrast with the E. coli subgroup, which was more numerous in proportion of group B, except D 2 and B 2 for male rats. The Clostridium perfringens subgroup was numerically more abundant in group D than group B of the same level, also except D 2 and B 2 for male rats. These results suggested that GMR had a complex effect on caecal microflora that may be related to the health of the host. : The effect of genetically modified rice (GMR) on bacterial communities in caecal content was analyzed in a 90‐d feeding rat model. A total of 12 groups of rats, which included male and female, were fed with the basal diets containing 30%, 50%, 70% GMR (B1, B2, B3) or 30%, 50%, 70% non‐GMR (D1, D2, D3). The structure of intestinal microflora was estimated by real‐time quantitative PCR (RQ‐PCR) based on genus‐specific 16s rDNA primers. SYBR Green was used for accurate detection and quantification of 6 kinds of major bacteria shared by humans and rats. According to RQ‐PCR, the genome copies of Lactobacillus group from the cecum of male rats fed with 70% non‐GMR was higher than those fed with 70% GMR and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus group also higher for group D. This result was in contrast with the E. coli subgroup, which was more numerous in proportion of group B, except D2 and B2 for male rats. The Clostridium perfringens subgroup was numerically more abundant in group D than group B of the same level, also except D2 and B2 for male rats. These results suggested that GMR had a complex effect on caecal microflora that may be related to the health of the host. The effect of genetically modified rice (GMR) on bacterial communities in caecal content was analyzed in a 90-d feeding rat model. A total of 12 groups of rats, which included male and female, were fed with the basal diets containing 30%, 50%, 70% GMR (B(1), B(2), B(3)) or 30%, 50%, 70% non-GMR (D(1), D(2), D(3)). The structure of intestinal microflora was estimated by real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) based on genus-specific 16s rDNA primers. SYBR Green was used for accurate detection and quantification of 6 kinds of major bacteria shared by humans and rats. According to RQ-PCR, the genome copies of Lactobacillus group from the cecum of male rats fed with 70% non-GMR was higher than those fed with 70% GMR and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus group also higher for group D. This result was in contrast with the E. coli subgroup, which was more numerous in proportion of group B, except D(2) and B(2) for male rats. The Clostridium perfringens subgroup was numerically more abundant in group D than group B of the same level, also except D(2) and B(2) for male rats. These results suggested that GMR had a complex effect on caecal microflora that may be related to the health of the host.The effect of genetically modified rice (GMR) on bacterial communities in caecal content was analyzed in a 90-d feeding rat model. A total of 12 groups of rats, which included male and female, were fed with the basal diets containing 30%, 50%, 70% GMR (B(1), B(2), B(3)) or 30%, 50%, 70% non-GMR (D(1), D(2), D(3)). The structure of intestinal microflora was estimated by real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) based on genus-specific 16s rDNA primers. SYBR Green was used for accurate detection and quantification of 6 kinds of major bacteria shared by humans and rats. According to RQ-PCR, the genome copies of Lactobacillus group from the cecum of male rats fed with 70% non-GMR was higher than those fed with 70% GMR and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus group also higher for group D. This result was in contrast with the E. coli subgroup, which was more numerous in proportion of group B, except D(2) and B(2) for male rats. The Clostridium perfringens subgroup was numerically more abundant in group D than group B of the same level, also except D(2) and B(2) for male rats. These results suggested that GMR had a complex effect on caecal microflora that may be related to the health of the host. The effect of genetically modified rice (GMR) on bacterial communities in caecal content was analyzed in a 90-d feeding rat model. A total of 12 groups of rats, which included male and female, were fed with the basal diets containing 30%, 50%, 70% GMR (B(1), B(2), B(3)) or 30%, 50%, 70% non-GMR (D(1), D(2), D(3)). The structure of intestinal microflora was estimated by real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) based on genus-specific 16s rDNA primers. SYBR Green was used for accurate detection and quantification of 6 kinds of major bacteria shared by humans and rats. According to RQ-PCR, the genome copies of Lactobacillus group from the cecum of male rats fed with 70% non-GMR was higher than those fed with 70% GMR and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus group also higher for group D. This result was in contrast with the E. coli subgroup, which was more numerous in proportion of group B, except D(2) and B(2) for male rats. The Clostridium perfringens subgroup was numerically more abundant in group D than group B of the same level, also except D(2) and B(2) for male rats. These results suggested that GMR had a complex effect on caecal microflora that may be related to the health of the host. |
| Author | Xu, Wentao Li, Liting Luo, YunBo Shang, Ying Huang, Kunlun Lu, Jiao |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Wentao surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Wentao email: Authors Xu, Lu, Luo, and Huang are with Lab. of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ. and authors Xu, Li, Shang, and Huang are with The Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, P.R. China. Direct inquiries to author Huang ( hkl009@163.com). organization: Authors Xu, Lu, Luo, and Huang are with Lab. of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ. and authors Xu, Li, Shang, and Huang are with The Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, P.R. China. Direct inquiries to author Huang (E-mail: hkl009@163.com) – sequence: 2 givenname: Liting surname: Li fullname: Li, Liting email: Authors Xu, Lu, Luo, and Huang are with Lab. of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ. and authors Xu, Li, Shang, and Huang are with The Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, P.R. China. Direct inquiries to author Huang ( hkl009@163.com). organization: Authors Xu, Lu, Luo, and Huang are with Lab. of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ. and authors Xu, Li, Shang, and Huang are with The Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, P.R. China. Direct inquiries to author Huang (E-mail: hkl009@163.com) – sequence: 3 givenname: Jiao surname: Lu fullname: Lu, Jiao email: Authors Xu, Lu, Luo, and Huang are with Lab. of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ. and authors Xu, Li, Shang, and Huang are with The Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, P.R. China. Direct inquiries to author Huang ( hkl009@163.com). organization: Authors Xu, Lu, Luo, and Huang are with Lab. of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ. and authors Xu, Li, Shang, and Huang are with The Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, P.R. China. Direct inquiries to author Huang (E-mail: hkl009@163.com) – sequence: 4 givenname: YunBo surname: Luo fullname: Luo, YunBo email: Authors Xu, Lu, Luo, and Huang are with Lab. of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ. and authors Xu, Li, Shang, and Huang are with The Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, P.R. China. Direct inquiries to author Huang ( hkl009@163.com). organization: Authors Xu, Lu, Luo, and Huang are with Lab. of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ. and authors Xu, Li, Shang, and Huang are with The Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, P.R. China. Direct inquiries to author Huang (E-mail: hkl009@163.com) – sequence: 5 givenname: Ying surname: Shang fullname: Shang, Ying email: Authors Xu, Lu, Luo, and Huang are with Lab. of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ. and authors Xu, Li, Shang, and Huang are with The Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, P.R. China. Direct inquiries to author Huang ( hkl009@163.com). organization: Authors Xu, Lu, Luo, and Huang are with Lab. of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ. and authors Xu, Li, Shang, and Huang are with The Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, P.R. China. Direct inquiries to author Huang (E-mail: hkl009@163.com) – sequence: 6 givenname: Kunlun surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Kunlun email: Authors Xu, Lu, Luo, and Huang are with Lab. of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ. and authors Xu, Li, Shang, and Huang are with The Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, P.R. China. Direct inquiries to author Huang ( hkl009@163.com). organization: Authors Xu, Lu, Luo, and Huang are with Lab. of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ. and authors Xu, Li, Shang, and Huang are with The Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, P.R. China. Direct inquiries to author Huang (E-mail: hkl009@163.com) |
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| Keywords | 90-d feeding rats caecal microbiota Rat Rodentia genetically modified rice (GMR) Microflora Real time real-time quantitative PCR Feeding Polymerase chain reaction Vertebrata Mammalia Analysis Cereal Molecular biology Genetically modified organism Rice |
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| References | Khush GS. 2005. What it will take to feed 5.0 Billion rice consumers in 2030. Plant Mol Biol 59:1-6. Herrmann B, Burman LG. 1985. Pathogenesis of Escherichia coli cystitis and pyelonephritis: apparent lack of significance of bacterial motility and chemotaxis towards human urine. Infection 13:4-7. Abildgaard L, Hojberg O, Schramm A, Balle KM, Engberg RM. 2010. The effect of feeding a commercial essential oil product on Clostridium perfringens numbers in the intestine of broiler chickens measured by real-time PCR targeting the α-toxin-encoding gene (plc). Ani Feed Sci Technol 157:181-9. Borzelleca JF, Verhagen H. 2008. Safety and nutritional assessment of GM plants and derived food and feed: The role of animal feeding trials. Report of the EFSA GMO Panel Working Group on Animal Feeding Trials. Food Chem Toxicol 46:S2-70. Nadkarni M, Martin F, Jacques N, Hunter N. 2002. Determination of bacterial load by real-time PCR using a broad-range (universal) probe and primers set. Microbiology 148:257. Wang X, Gibson GR. 1993. Effects of the in vitro fermentation of oligofructose and inulin by bacteria growing in the human large intestine. J Appl Bacteriol 75:373-80. Delroisse JM, Boulvin AL, Parmentier I, Dauphin RD, Vandenbol M, Portetelle D. 2008. Quantification of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. in rat fecal samples by real-time PCR. Res Microbiol 163:663-70. Zott K, Claisse O, Lucas P, Coulon J, Lonvaud-Funel A, Masneuf-Pomarede I. 2010. Characterization of the yeast ecosystem in grape must and wine using real-time PCR. Food Microbiol 27:559-67. Sakai K, Oue K, Umeki M, Mori M, Kuribayashi M, Mochizuki S. 2006. Species-specific FISH analysis of cecal microflora in rats administered with lactic acid bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 22:493-9. Dobkin ED, Lobe TE, Bhatia J, Oldham KT, Traber DL. 1985. The study of fecal-Escherichia coli peritonitis-induced septic shock in a neonatal pig model. Circ Shock 16:325-36. Delroisse JM, Boulvin AL, Parmentier I, Dauphin RD, Vandenbol M, Portetelle D. 2006. Quantification of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. in rat fecal samples by real-time PCR. Res Microbiol 15:1-8. Stutz MW, Johnson SL, Judith FR. 1983. Effects of diet and bacitracin on growth, feed efficiency, and populations of Clostridium perfringens in the intestine of broiler chicks. Poul Sci 62:1619-25. Poulsen M, Kroghsbo S, Schroder M, Wilcks A, Jacobsen H, Miller A, Frenzel T. 2007. A 90-day safety study in Wistar rats fed genetically modified rice expressing snowdrop lectin Galanthus nivalis. Food Chem Toxicol 45:350-63. Queiroz-Monici KS, Giovana EA, Silva N, Reis SM, Oliveira AC. 2005. Bifidogenic effect of dietary fiber and resistant starch from leguminous on the intestinal microbiota of rats. Nutrition 21:602-8. Blay GM, Michel CD, Blottiere HM, Cherbut CJ. 2003. Raw potato starch and short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides affect the composition and metabolic activity of rat intestinal microbiota differently depending on the caecocolonic segment involved. J Appl Microbiol 94:312-20. Datta SK, Datta K, Soltanifar N, Donn G, Potrykus I. 1992. Herbicide-resistant Indica rice plants from IRRI breeding after PEG mediated transformation of protoplasts. Plant Mol Biol 20:619-29. Schroder M, Poulsen M, Wilcks A, Kroghsbo S, Miller A, Frenzel T, Danier J. 2007. A 90-day safety study of genetically modified rice expressing Cry1Ab protein in Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 45:339-49. Heilig H, Zoetendal E, Vaughan E, Marteau P, Akkermans A, de Vos W. 2002. Molecular diversity of Lactobacillus spp. and other lactic acid bacteria in the human intestine as determined by specific amplification of 16S ribosomal DNA. Appl Environ Microbiol 68:114. Montesi A, García-Albiach R, Pozuelo MJ, Pintado C, Goni I, Rotger R. 2005. Molecular and microbiological analysis of caecal microbiota in rats fed with diets supplemented either with prebiotics or probiotics. Int J Food Microbiol 98:281-9. Wayne LG, Brenner DJ, Colwell RR, Grimont PAD, Kandler MI, Krichevsky LH, Moore WEC, Zhou JZ, Bruns MA, Tiedje JM. 1996. DNA recovery from soils of diverse composition. Appl Environ Microbiol 2:316-22. Umesaki Y, Setoyama H. 2000. Structure of the intestinal flora responsible for development of the gut immune system in a rodent model. Micro Infect 2:1343-51. Lin W, Anuratha CS, Datta K, Potrykus I, Muthukrishnan S, Datta SK. 1995. Genetic engineering of rice for resistance to sheath blight. Biotechnology 13:686-91. Neish AS. 2009. Microbes in gastrointestinal health and disease. Gastroenterology 136:65-80. Bartosch S, Fite A, Macfarlane G, McMurdo M. 2004. Characterization of bacterial communities in feces from healthy elderly volunteers and hospitalized elderly patients by using real-time PCR and effects of antibiotic treatment on the fecal microbiota. Appl Environ Microbiol 70:3575. Hsu CK, Liao JW, Chung YC, Hsieh CP, Chan YC. 2004. Xylooligosaccharides and fructooligosaccharides affect the intestinal microbiota and precancerous colonic lesion development in rats. J Nutr 134:1523-8. Oard JH, Linscombe SD, Braverman MP, Jodari F, Blouin DC, Leech M, Kohli A. 1996. Development field evaluation and agronomic performance of transgenic herbicide resistant rice. Mol Breed 2:359-68. Myron M. 1988. Levine and Pablo Vial Escherichia coli that cause diarrhea. Indian J Pediatr 55:183-9. Devriese LA, Daube G, Hommez J, Haesebrouck F. 1993. In vitro susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens isolated from farm animals to growth-enhancing antibiotics. J Appl Microbiol 75:55-7. George SE, Wolf DC, Brooks LR, Bailey KC, Hooth MJ, Nelson GM. 2004. Changes in cecal microbial metabolism of rats induced by individual and a mixture of drinking water disinfection by-products. Cancer Lett 204:15-21. Hirsch PR, Mauchline TH, Clark IM. 2010. Culture-independent molecular techniques for soil microbial ecology. Soil Biol Biochem 42:878-87. Malinen E, Kassinen A, Rinttila T, Palva A. 2003. Comparison of real-time PCR with SYBR Green I or 5′-nuclease assays and dot-blot hybridization with rDNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes in quantification of selected faecal bacteria. Microbiology 149:269. Vahjen W, Gollnisch K, Simon O, Schulz E. 2000. Development of a semiquantitative PCR assay for the detection of the Clostridium perfringens type C beta toxin gene in purified nucleic acid extracts from the intestinal tract of pigs. J Agric Sci 134:77-87. Kroghsbo S, Madsen C, Poulsen M, Schroder M, Kvist PH, Taylor M, Gatehouse A. 2008. Immunotoxicological studies of genetically modified rice expressing PHA-E lectin or Bt toxin in Wistar rats. Toxicology 245:24-34. Hayakawa T, Zhu Y, Itoh K, Kimura Y, Izawa T, Shimamoto K. 1992. Genetically engineered rice resistant to rice stripe virus, an insect-transmitted virus. Proc Nat Acad Sci 89:9865-9. Collier CT, Smiricky-Tjardes MR, Albin DM, Wubben JE, Gabert VM, Deplancke B, Bane D. 2003. Molecular ecological analysis of porcine ileal microbiota responses to antimicrobial growth promoters. J Animal Sci 81:3035-45. Walter J, Hertel C, Tannock G, Lis C, Munro K, Hammes W. 2001. Detection of Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, and Weissella species in human feces by using group-specific PCR primers and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Appl Environ Microbiol 67:2578. Matsuyama T, Nakajima Y, Matsuya K, Ikenaga M, Asakawa S, Kimura M. 2007. Bacterial community in plant residues in a Japanese paddy field estimated by RFLP and DGGE analyses. Soil Biol Biochem 39:463-72. Rinttil T, Kassinen A, Malinen E, Krogius L, Palva A. 2004. Development of an extensive set of 16S rDNA targeted primers for quantification of pathogenic and indigenous bacteria in faecal samples by real time PCR. J Appl Microbiol 97:1166-77. Lara-Villoslada F, Debras E, Nieto A, Concha A, Galvez J, Lo pez-Huertas E, Boza J. 2006. Oligosaccharides isolated from goat milk reduce intestinal inflammation in a rat model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Clinic Nutr 25:477-88. Gionchetti P, Rizzello F, Venturi A, Campieri M. 2000. Probiotics in infective diarrhoea and inflammatory bowel diseases. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 15:489-93. Zhou XQ, Wang YF, Cai Y. 2007. PCR-DGGE detection of the bacterial community structure in the Inner Mongolia steppe with two different DNA extraction methods. Acta Ecologica Sinica 27:1684-9. 2007; 39 2004; 204 2003; 81 1995; 13 2006; 15 1988; 55 2005; 21 2000; 2 2008; 245 2000; 134 2003; 94 2001; 67 2008; 163 2009; 136 2004; 134 2010; 42 2004; 97 2010; 27 2004; 70 2003; 149 2000; 15 2006; 22 2002; 68 1993; 75 2006; 25 2010; 157 2002; 148 1983; 62 2008; 46 2005; 98 1992; 20 2005; 59 1996; 2 1992; 89 2007; 45 1985; 16 1985; 13 2007; 27 Dobkin ED (e_1_2_6_11_1) 1985; 16 e_1_2_6_32_1 e_1_2_6_10_1 e_1_2_6_31_1 e_1_2_6_30_1 e_1_2_6_19_1 e_1_2_6_13_1 e_1_2_6_36_1 e_1_2_6_14_1 e_1_2_6_35_1 e_1_2_6_34_1 e_1_2_6_12_1 e_1_2_6_33_1 e_1_2_6_17_1 e_1_2_6_18_1 e_1_2_6_39_1 e_1_2_6_15_1 e_1_2_6_38_1 e_1_2_6_16_1 e_1_2_6_37_1 e_1_2_6_42_1 e_1_2_6_21_1 e_1_2_6_20_1 e_1_2_6_41_1 Delroisse JM (e_1_2_6_8_1) 2006; 15 e_1_2_6_9_1 e_1_2_6_5_1 e_1_2_6_4_1 e_1_2_6_7_1 e_1_2_6_6_1 e_1_2_6_25_1 e_1_2_6_24_1 e_1_2_6_3_1 e_1_2_6_23_1 e_1_2_6_2_1 e_1_2_6_22_1 Wayne LG (e_1_2_6_40_1) 1996; 2 e_1_2_6_29_1 e_1_2_6_28_1 e_1_2_6_27_1 e_1_2_6_26_1 26547896 - J Food Sci. 2015 Nov;80(11):viii 26547897 - J Food Sci. 2015 Nov;80(11):viii-ix |
| References_xml | – reference: Borzelleca JF, Verhagen H. 2008. Safety and nutritional assessment of GM plants and derived food and feed: The role of animal feeding trials. Report of the EFSA GMO Panel Working Group on Animal Feeding Trials. Food Chem Toxicol 46:S2-70. – reference: Bartosch S, Fite A, Macfarlane G, McMurdo M. 2004. Characterization of bacterial communities in feces from healthy elderly volunteers and hospitalized elderly patients by using real-time PCR and effects of antibiotic treatment on the fecal microbiota. Appl Environ Microbiol 70:3575. – reference: Nadkarni M, Martin F, Jacques N, Hunter N. 2002. Determination of bacterial load by real-time PCR using a broad-range (universal) probe and primers set. Microbiology 148:257. – reference: Queiroz-Monici KS, Giovana EA, Silva N, Reis SM, Oliveira AC. 2005. Bifidogenic effect of dietary fiber and resistant starch from leguminous on the intestinal microbiota of rats. Nutrition 21:602-8. – reference: Kroghsbo S, Madsen C, Poulsen M, Schroder M, Kvist PH, Taylor M, Gatehouse A. 2008. Immunotoxicological studies of genetically modified rice expressing PHA-E lectin or Bt toxin in Wistar rats. Toxicology 245:24-34. – reference: Oard JH, Linscombe SD, Braverman MP, Jodari F, Blouin DC, Leech M, Kohli A. 1996. Development field evaluation and agronomic performance of transgenic herbicide resistant rice. Mol Breed 2:359-68. – reference: Blay GM, Michel CD, Blottiere HM, Cherbut CJ. 2003. Raw potato starch and short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides affect the composition and metabolic activity of rat intestinal microbiota differently depending on the caecocolonic segment involved. J Appl Microbiol 94:312-20. – reference: Wang X, Gibson GR. 1993. Effects of the in vitro fermentation of oligofructose and inulin by bacteria growing in the human large intestine. J Appl Bacteriol 75:373-80. – reference: Schroder M, Poulsen M, Wilcks A, Kroghsbo S, Miller A, Frenzel T, Danier J. 2007. A 90-day safety study of genetically modified rice expressing Cry1Ab protein in Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 45:339-49. – reference: Abildgaard L, Hojberg O, Schramm A, Balle KM, Engberg RM. 2010. The effect of feeding a commercial essential oil product on Clostridium perfringens numbers in the intestine of broiler chickens measured by real-time PCR targeting the α-toxin-encoding gene (plc). Ani Feed Sci Technol 157:181-9. – reference: Myron M. 1988. Levine and Pablo Vial Escherichia coli that cause diarrhea. Indian J Pediatr 55:183-9. – reference: Zott K, Claisse O, Lucas P, Coulon J, Lonvaud-Funel A, Masneuf-Pomarede I. 2010. Characterization of the yeast ecosystem in grape must and wine using real-time PCR. Food Microbiol 27:559-67. – reference: George SE, Wolf DC, Brooks LR, Bailey KC, Hooth MJ, Nelson GM. 2004. Changes in cecal microbial metabolism of rats induced by individual and a mixture of drinking water disinfection by-products. Cancer Lett 204:15-21. – reference: Poulsen M, Kroghsbo S, Schroder M, Wilcks A, Jacobsen H, Miller A, Frenzel T. 2007. A 90-day safety study in Wistar rats fed genetically modified rice expressing snowdrop lectin Galanthus nivalis. Food Chem Toxicol 45:350-63. – reference: Stutz MW, Johnson SL, Judith FR. 1983. Effects of diet and bacitracin on growth, feed efficiency, and populations of Clostridium perfringens in the intestine of broiler chicks. Poul Sci 62:1619-25. – reference: Rinttil T, Kassinen A, Malinen E, Krogius L, Palva A. 2004. Development of an extensive set of 16S rDNA targeted primers for quantification of pathogenic and indigenous bacteria in faecal samples by real time PCR. J Appl Microbiol 97:1166-77. – reference: Hayakawa T, Zhu Y, Itoh K, Kimura Y, Izawa T, Shimamoto K. 1992. Genetically engineered rice resistant to rice stripe virus, an insect-transmitted virus. Proc Nat Acad Sci 89:9865-9. – reference: Hirsch PR, Mauchline TH, Clark IM. 2010. Culture-independent molecular techniques for soil microbial ecology. Soil Biol Biochem 42:878-87. – reference: Delroisse JM, Boulvin AL, Parmentier I, Dauphin RD, Vandenbol M, Portetelle D. 2006. Quantification of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. in rat fecal samples by real-time PCR. Res Microbiol 15:1-8. – reference: Khush GS. 2005. What it will take to feed 5.0 Billion rice consumers in 2030. Plant Mol Biol 59:1-6. – reference: Malinen E, Kassinen A, Rinttila T, Palva A. 2003. Comparison of real-time PCR with SYBR Green I or 5′-nuclease assays and dot-blot hybridization with rDNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes in quantification of selected faecal bacteria. Microbiology 149:269. – reference: Matsuyama T, Nakajima Y, Matsuya K, Ikenaga M, Asakawa S, Kimura M. 2007. Bacterial community in plant residues in a Japanese paddy field estimated by RFLP and DGGE analyses. Soil Biol Biochem 39:463-72. – reference: Vahjen W, Gollnisch K, Simon O, Schulz E. 2000. Development of a semiquantitative PCR assay for the detection of the Clostridium perfringens type C beta toxin gene in purified nucleic acid extracts from the intestinal tract of pigs. J Agric Sci 134:77-87. – reference: Sakai K, Oue K, Umeki M, Mori M, Kuribayashi M, Mochizuki S. 2006. Species-specific FISH analysis of cecal microflora in rats administered with lactic acid bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 22:493-9. – reference: Collier CT, Smiricky-Tjardes MR, Albin DM, Wubben JE, Gabert VM, Deplancke B, Bane D. 2003. Molecular ecological analysis of porcine ileal microbiota responses to antimicrobial growth promoters. J Animal Sci 81:3035-45. – reference: Datta SK, Datta K, Soltanifar N, Donn G, Potrykus I. 1992. Herbicide-resistant Indica rice plants from IRRI breeding after PEG mediated transformation of protoplasts. Plant Mol Biol 20:619-29. – reference: Zhou XQ, Wang YF, Cai Y. 2007. PCR-DGGE detection of the bacterial community structure in the Inner Mongolia steppe with two different DNA extraction methods. Acta Ecologica Sinica 27:1684-9. – reference: Dobkin ED, Lobe TE, Bhatia J, Oldham KT, Traber DL. 1985. The study of fecal-Escherichia coli peritonitis-induced septic shock in a neonatal pig model. Circ Shock 16:325-36. – reference: Lin W, Anuratha CS, Datta K, Potrykus I, Muthukrishnan S, Datta SK. 1995. Genetic engineering of rice for resistance to sheath blight. Biotechnology 13:686-91. – reference: Neish AS. 2009. Microbes in gastrointestinal health and disease. Gastroenterology 136:65-80. – reference: Walter J, Hertel C, Tannock G, Lis C, Munro K, Hammes W. 2001. Detection of Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, and Weissella species in human feces by using group-specific PCR primers and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Appl Environ Microbiol 67:2578. – reference: Devriese LA, Daube G, Hommez J, Haesebrouck F. 1993. In vitro susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens isolated from farm animals to growth-enhancing antibiotics. J Appl Microbiol 75:55-7. – reference: Heilig H, Zoetendal E, Vaughan E, Marteau P, Akkermans A, de Vos W. 2002. Molecular diversity of Lactobacillus spp. and other lactic acid bacteria in the human intestine as determined by specific amplification of 16S ribosomal DNA. Appl Environ Microbiol 68:114. – reference: Herrmann B, Burman LG. 1985. Pathogenesis of Escherichia coli cystitis and pyelonephritis: apparent lack of significance of bacterial motility and chemotaxis towards human urine. Infection 13:4-7. – reference: Umesaki Y, Setoyama H. 2000. Structure of the intestinal flora responsible for development of the gut immune system in a rodent model. Micro Infect 2:1343-51. – reference: Gionchetti P, Rizzello F, Venturi A, Campieri M. 2000. Probiotics in infective diarrhoea and inflammatory bowel diseases. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 15:489-93. – reference: Lara-Villoslada F, Debras E, Nieto A, Concha A, Galvez J, Lo pez-Huertas E, Boza J. 2006. Oligosaccharides isolated from goat milk reduce intestinal inflammation in a rat model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Clinic Nutr 25:477-88. – reference: Hsu CK, Liao JW, Chung YC, Hsieh CP, Chan YC. 2004. Xylooligosaccharides and fructooligosaccharides affect the intestinal microbiota and precancerous colonic lesion development in rats. J Nutr 134:1523-8. – reference: Montesi A, García-Albiach R, Pozuelo MJ, Pintado C, Goni I, Rotger R. 2005. Molecular and microbiological analysis of caecal microbiota in rats fed with diets supplemented either with prebiotics or probiotics. Int J Food Microbiol 98:281-9. – reference: Wayne LG, Brenner DJ, Colwell RR, Grimont PAD, Kandler MI, Krichevsky LH, Moore WEC, Zhou JZ, Bruns MA, Tiedje JM. 1996. DNA recovery from soils of diverse composition. Appl Environ Microbiol 2:316-22. – reference: Delroisse JM, Boulvin AL, Parmentier I, Dauphin RD, Vandenbol M, Portetelle D. 2008. Quantification of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. in rat fecal samples by real-time PCR. 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Report of the EFSA GMO Panel Working Group on Animal Feeding Trials publication-title: Food Chem Toxicol – volume: 15 start-page: 489 year: 2000 end-page: 93 article-title: Probiotics in infective diarrhoea and inflammatory bowel diseases publication-title: J Gastroenterol Hepatol – volume: 149 start-page: 269 year: 2003 article-title: Comparison of real‐time PCR with SYBR Green I or 5′‐nuclease assays and dot‐blot hybridization with rDNA‐targeted oligonucleotide probes in quantification of selected faecal bacteria publication-title: Microbiology – volume: 98 start-page: 281 year: 2005 end-page: 9 article-title: Molecular and microbiological analysis of caecal microbiota in rats fed with diets supplemented either with prebiotics or probiotics publication-title: Int J Food Microbiol – volume: 27 start-page: 1684 year: 2007 end-page: 9 article-title: PCR‐DGGE detection of the bacterial community structure in the Inner Mongolia steppe with two different DNA extraction methods publication-title: Acta Ecologica Sinica – volume: 148 start-page: 257 year: 2002 article-title: Determination of bacterial load by real‐time PCR using a broad‐range (universal) probe and primers set publication-title: Microbiology – volume: 2 start-page: 359 year: 1996 end-page: 68 article-title: Development field evaluation and agronomic performance of transgenic herbicide resistant rice publication-title: Mol Breed – volume: 45 start-page: 350 year: 2007 end-page: 63 article-title: A 90‐day safety study in Wistar rats fed genetically modified rice expressing snowdrop lectin Galanthus nivalis publication-title: Food Chem Toxicol – volume: 59 start-page: 1 year: 2005 end-page: 6 article-title: What it will take to feed 5.0 Billion rice consumers in 2030 publication-title: Plant Mol Biol – volume: 62 start-page: 1619 year: 1983 end-page: 25 article-title: Effects of diet and bacitracin on growth, feed efficiency, and populations of in the intestine of broiler chicks publication-title: Poul Sci – volume: 94 start-page: 312 year: 2003 end-page: 20 article-title: Raw potato starch and short‐chain fructo‐oligosaccharides affect the composition and metabolic activity of rat intestinal microbiota differently depending on the caecocolonic segment involved publication-title: J Appl Microbiol – volume: 21 start-page: 602 year: 2005 end-page: 8 article-title: Bifidogenic effect of dietary fiber and resistant starch from leguminous on the intestinal microbiota of rats publication-title: Nutrition – volume: 70 start-page: 3575 year: 2004 article-title: Characterization of bacterial communities in feces from healthy elderly volunteers and hospitalized elderly patients by using real‐time PCR and effects of antibiotic treatment on the fecal microbiota publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol – volume: 245 start-page: 24 year: 2008 end-page: 34 article-title: Immunotoxicological studies of genetically modified rice expressing lectin or toxin in Wistar rats publication-title: Toxicology – volume: 134 start-page: 1523 year: 2004 end-page: 8 article-title: Xylooligosaccharides and fructooligosaccharides affect the intestinal microbiota and precancerous colonic lesion development in rats publication-title: J Nutr – volume: 134 start-page: 77 year: 2000 end-page: 87 article-title: Development of a semiquantitative PCR assay for the detection of the type C beta toxin gene in purified nucleic acid extracts from the intestinal tract of pigs publication-title: J Agric Sci – volume: 2 start-page: 316 year: 1996 end-page: 22 article-title: DNA recovery from soils of diverse composition publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol – volume: 27 start-page: 559 year: 2010 end-page: 67 article-title: Characterization of the yeast ecosystem in grape must and wine using real‐time PCR publication-title: Food Microbiol – volume: 75 start-page: 55 year: 1993 end-page: 7 article-title: susceptibility of isolated from farm animals to growth‐enhancing antibiotics publication-title: 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| Snippet | : The effect of genetically modified rice (GMR) on bacterial communities in caecal content was analyzed in a 90‐d feeding rat model. A total of 12 groups of... The effect of genetically modified rice (GMR) on bacterial communities in caecal content was analyzed in a 90‐d feeding rat model. A total of 12 groups of... The effect of genetically modified rice (GMR) on bacterial communities in caecal content was analyzed in a 90-d feeding rat model. A total of 12 groups of... |
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| SubjectTerms | 90-d feeding rats Animals Bacteria Biological and medical sciences caecal microbiota Cecum - microbiology Cereal and baking product industries Clostridium perfringens Diet DNA, Bacterial - chemistry DNA, Bacterial - isolation & purification DNA, Bacterial - metabolism DNA, Ribosomal - chemistry DNA, Ribosomal - isolation & purification DNA, Ribosomal - metabolism E coli Escherichia coli Female Food industries Food science Food, Genetically Modified - adverse effects Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Genetically altered foods genetically modified rice (GMR) Genomes Gram-Negative Bacteria - genetics Gram-Negative Bacteria - isolation & purification Gram-Positive Bacteria - genetics Gram-Positive Bacteria - isolation & purification Human subjects Lactobacillus Male Molecular Typing - methods Oryza - adverse effects Oryza - genetics Oryza sativa Plants, Genetically Modified Polymerase Chain Reaction Random Allocation Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley real-time quantitative PCR Relative abundance Rice RNA, Bacterial - chemistry RNA, Bacterial - genetics RNA, Bacterial - metabolism RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - chemistry RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - metabolism Rodents Seeds - adverse effects Seeds - genetics |
| Title | Analysis of Caecal Microbiota in Rats Fed with Genetically Modified Rice by Real-Time Quantitative PCR |
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