A novel global MPPT method based on sooty tern optimization for photovoltaic systems under complex partial shading
As the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) systems continues to expand globally, the need for robust and highly efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms becomes increasingly critical, particularly under complex Partial Shading Conditions (PSC) where multiple local maxima can significantl...
Saved in:
| Published in | Scientific reports Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 27030 - 15 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
25.07.2025
Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2045-2322 2045-2322 |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41598-025-13007-1 |
Cover
| Abstract | As the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) systems continues to expand globally, the need for robust and highly efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms becomes increasingly critical, particularly under complex Partial Shading Conditions (PSC) where multiple local maxima can significantly reduce energy yield. This paper proposes a novel MPPT strategy based on the bio-inspired Sooty Tern Optimization Algorithm (STOA) for Global Maximum Power Point Tracking (GMPPT) in PV arrays subjected to non-uniform irradiance. The STOA algorithm, originally developed for solving complex multimodal optimization problems, is here adapted and optimized for MPPT tasks, demonstrating superior capabilities in terms of convergence speed, tracking accuracy, and dynamic stability. Unlike conventional optimizations like PSO and GA, STOA offers a much better balance between exploration and exploitation, thus accelerating convergence and minimizing the likelihood of being trapped in local optima. These advantages prove beneficial in nonlinear, PV-shading complicated systems. A comprehensive simulation framework was implemented in MATLAB/Simulink, employing a 3 × 3 PV array (3 kW capacity) and a boost converter to test the proposed method across four shading scenarios, including highly irregular and dynamic patterns. Performance evaluation against benchmark algorithms—Perturb & Observe (P&O), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO)—revealed that STOA consistently outperformed its counterparts. Specifically, under the most challenging PSC scenario (Pattern 4), the proposed method achieved a tracking efficiency of 99.94%, with an average power output of 1676 W and a response time of 0.5 s, outperforming PSO (97.1%, 1630 W), GWO (94.2%, 1580 W), and P&O (56.5%, 950 W). Moreover, STOA maintained minimal power oscillations across all test patterns, ensuring stable operation and reduced wear on system components. Its computational simplicity and high precision make it particularly well-suited for real-time embedded applications in distributed solar energy systems. The proposed STOA-based MPPT framework represents a significant advancement in global optimization-based solar energy harvesting and provides a scalable, efficient, and reliable solution for maximizing PV system performance under real-world operating conditions. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | As the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) systems continues to expand globally, the need for robust and highly efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms becomes increasingly critical, particularly under complex Partial Shading Conditions (PSC) where multiple local maxima can significantly reduce energy yield. This paper proposes a novel MPPT strategy based on the bio-inspired Sooty Tern Optimization Algorithm (STOA) for Global Maximum Power Point Tracking (GMPPT) in PV arrays subjected to non-uniform irradiance. The STOA algorithm, originally developed for solving complex multimodal optimization problems, is here adapted and optimized for MPPT tasks, demonstrating superior capabilities in terms of convergence speed, tracking accuracy, and dynamic stability. Unlike conventional optimizations like PSO and GA, STOA offers a much better balance between exploration and exploitation, thus accelerating convergence and minimizing the likelihood of being trapped in local optima. These advantages prove beneficial in nonlinear, PV-shading complicated systems. A comprehensive simulation framework was implemented in MATLAB/Simulink, employing a 3 × 3 PV array (3 kW capacity) and a boost converter to test the proposed method across four shading scenarios, including highly irregular and dynamic patterns. Performance evaluation against benchmark algorithms-Perturb & Observe (P&O), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO)-revealed that STOA consistently outperformed its counterparts. Specifically, under the most challenging PSC scenario (Pattern 4), the proposed method achieved a tracking efficiency of 99.94%, with an average power output of 1676 W and a response time of 0.5 s, outperforming PSO (97.1%, 1630 W), GWO (94.2%, 1580 W), and P&O (56.5%, 950 W). Moreover, STOA maintained minimal power oscillations across all test patterns, ensuring stable operation and reduced wear on system components. Its computational simplicity and high precision make it particularly well-suited for real-time embedded applications in distributed solar energy systems. The proposed STOA-based MPPT framework represents a significant advancement in global optimization-based solar energy harvesting and provides a scalable, efficient, and reliable solution for maximizing PV system performance under real-world operating conditions.As the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) systems continues to expand globally, the need for robust and highly efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms becomes increasingly critical, particularly under complex Partial Shading Conditions (PSC) where multiple local maxima can significantly reduce energy yield. This paper proposes a novel MPPT strategy based on the bio-inspired Sooty Tern Optimization Algorithm (STOA) for Global Maximum Power Point Tracking (GMPPT) in PV arrays subjected to non-uniform irradiance. The STOA algorithm, originally developed for solving complex multimodal optimization problems, is here adapted and optimized for MPPT tasks, demonstrating superior capabilities in terms of convergence speed, tracking accuracy, and dynamic stability. Unlike conventional optimizations like PSO and GA, STOA offers a much better balance between exploration and exploitation, thus accelerating convergence and minimizing the likelihood of being trapped in local optima. These advantages prove beneficial in nonlinear, PV-shading complicated systems. A comprehensive simulation framework was implemented in MATLAB/Simulink, employing a 3 × 3 PV array (3 kW capacity) and a boost converter to test the proposed method across four shading scenarios, including highly irregular and dynamic patterns. Performance evaluation against benchmark algorithms-Perturb & Observe (P&O), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO)-revealed that STOA consistently outperformed its counterparts. Specifically, under the most challenging PSC scenario (Pattern 4), the proposed method achieved a tracking efficiency of 99.94%, with an average power output of 1676 W and a response time of 0.5 s, outperforming PSO (97.1%, 1630 W), GWO (94.2%, 1580 W), and P&O (56.5%, 950 W). Moreover, STOA maintained minimal power oscillations across all test patterns, ensuring stable operation and reduced wear on system components. Its computational simplicity and high precision make it particularly well-suited for real-time embedded applications in distributed solar energy systems. The proposed STOA-based MPPT framework represents a significant advancement in global optimization-based solar energy harvesting and provides a scalable, efficient, and reliable solution for maximizing PV system performance under real-world operating conditions. As the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) systems continues to expand globally, the need for robust and highly efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms becomes increasingly critical, particularly under complex Partial Shading Conditions (PSC) where multiple local maxima can significantly reduce energy yield. This paper proposes a novel MPPT strategy based on the bio-inspired Sooty Tern Optimization Algorithm (STOA) for Global Maximum Power Point Tracking (GMPPT) in PV arrays subjected to non-uniform irradiance. The STOA algorithm, originally developed for solving complex multimodal optimization problems, is here adapted and optimized for MPPT tasks, demonstrating superior capabilities in terms of convergence speed, tracking accuracy, and dynamic stability. Unlike conventional optimizations like PSO and GA, STOA offers a much better balance between exploration and exploitation, thus accelerating convergence and minimizing the likelihood of being trapped in local optima. These advantages prove beneficial in nonlinear, PV-shading complicated systems. A comprehensive simulation framework was implemented in MATLAB/Simulink, employing a 3 × 3 PV array (3 kW capacity) and a boost converter to test the proposed method across four shading scenarios, including highly irregular and dynamic patterns. Performance evaluation against benchmark algorithms-Perturb & Observe (P&O), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO)-revealed that STOA consistently outperformed its counterparts. Specifically, under the most challenging PSC scenario (Pattern 4), the proposed method achieved a tracking efficiency of 99.94%, with an average power output of 1676 W and a response time of 0.5 s, outperforming PSO (97.1%, 1630 W), GWO (94.2%, 1580 W), and P&O (56.5%, 950 W). Moreover, STOA maintained minimal power oscillations across all test patterns, ensuring stable operation and reduced wear on system components. Its computational simplicity and high precision make it particularly well-suited for real-time embedded applications in distributed solar energy systems. The proposed STOA-based MPPT framework represents a significant advancement in global optimization-based solar energy harvesting and provides a scalable, efficient, and reliable solution for maximizing PV system performance under real-world operating conditions. Abstract As the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) systems continues to expand globally, the need for robust and highly efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms becomes increasingly critical, particularly under complex Partial Shading Conditions (PSC) where multiple local maxima can significantly reduce energy yield. This paper proposes a novel MPPT strategy based on the bio-inspired Sooty Tern Optimization Algorithm (STOA) for Global Maximum Power Point Tracking (GMPPT) in PV arrays subjected to non-uniform irradiance. The STOA algorithm, originally developed for solving complex multimodal optimization problems, is here adapted and optimized for MPPT tasks, demonstrating superior capabilities in terms of convergence speed, tracking accuracy, and dynamic stability. Unlike conventional optimizations like PSO and GA, STOA offers a much better balance between exploration and exploitation, thus accelerating convergence and minimizing the likelihood of being trapped in local optima. These advantages prove beneficial in nonlinear, PV-shading complicated systems. A comprehensive simulation framework was implemented in MATLAB/Simulink, employing a 3 × 3 PV array (3 kW capacity) and a boost converter to test the proposed method across four shading scenarios, including highly irregular and dynamic patterns. Performance evaluation against benchmark algorithms—Perturb & Observe (P&O), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO)—revealed that STOA consistently outperformed its counterparts. Specifically, under the most challenging PSC scenario (Pattern 4), the proposed method achieved a tracking efficiency of 99.94%, with an average power output of 1676 W and a response time of 0.5 s, outperforming PSO (97.1%, 1630 W), GWO (94.2%, 1580 W), and P&O (56.5%, 950 W). Moreover, STOA maintained minimal power oscillations across all test patterns, ensuring stable operation and reduced wear on system components. Its computational simplicity and high precision make it particularly well-suited for real-time embedded applications in distributed solar energy systems. The proposed STOA-based MPPT framework represents a significant advancement in global optimization-based solar energy harvesting and provides a scalable, efficient, and reliable solution for maximizing PV system performance under real-world operating conditions. As the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) systems continues to expand globally, the need for robust and highly efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms becomes increasingly critical, particularly under complex Partial Shading Conditions (PSC) where multiple local maxima can significantly reduce energy yield. This paper proposes a novel MPPT strategy based on the bio-inspired Sooty Tern Optimization Algorithm (STOA) for Global Maximum Power Point Tracking (GMPPT) in PV arrays subjected to non-uniform irradiance. The STOA algorithm, originally developed for solving complex multimodal optimization problems, is here adapted and optimized for MPPT tasks, demonstrating superior capabilities in terms of convergence speed, tracking accuracy, and dynamic stability. Unlike conventional optimizations like PSO and GA, STOA offers a much better balance between exploration and exploitation, thus accelerating convergence and minimizing the likelihood of being trapped in local optima. These advantages prove beneficial in nonlinear, PV-shading complicated systems. A comprehensive simulation framework was implemented in MATLAB/Simulink, employing a 3 × 3 PV array (3 kW capacity) and a boost converter to test the proposed method across four shading scenarios, including highly irregular and dynamic patterns. Performance evaluation against benchmark algorithms—Perturb & Observe (P&O), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO)—revealed that STOA consistently outperformed its counterparts. Specifically, under the most challenging PSC scenario (Pattern 4), the proposed method achieved a tracking efficiency of 99.94%, with an average power output of 1676 W and a response time of 0.5 s, outperforming PSO (97.1%, 1630 W), GWO (94.2%, 1580 W), and P&O (56.5%, 950 W). Moreover, STOA maintained minimal power oscillations across all test patterns, ensuring stable operation and reduced wear on system components. Its computational simplicity and high precision make it particularly well-suited for real-time embedded applications in distributed solar energy systems. The proposed STOA-based MPPT framework represents a significant advancement in global optimization-based solar energy harvesting and provides a scalable, efficient, and reliable solution for maximizing PV system performance under real-world operating conditions. |
| ArticleNumber | 27030 |
| Author | Kaaitan, Mohammed Taha Fayadh, Rashid Ali Yaqoob, Salam J. AL-sagar, Zuhair S. Bajaj, Mohit Geremew, Mebratu Sintie |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Mohammed Taha surname: Kaaitan fullname: Kaaitan, Mohammed Taha organization: Electrical Power Engineering, Middle Technical University – sequence: 2 givenname: Rashid Ali surname: Fayadh fullname: Fayadh, Rashid Ali organization: Electrical Power Engineering, Middle Technical University – sequence: 3 givenname: Zuhair S. surname: AL-sagar fullname: AL-sagar, Zuhair S. organization: Electrical Techniques Department, Middle Technical University – sequence: 4 givenname: Salam J. surname: Yaqoob fullname: Yaqoob, Salam J. organization: Training and Energy Researches Office, Ministry of Electricity – sequence: 5 givenname: Mohit surname: Bajaj fullname: Bajaj, Mohit organization: Department of Electrical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology – sequence: 6 givenname: Mebratu Sintie surname: Geremew fullname: Geremew, Mebratu Sintie email: mebratusintie@mtu.edu.et organization: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Mizan-Tepi University |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40715476$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqNkk1v1DAQhiNURMvSP8ABWeLCJeDvJCdUVXxUKqKHcrbGjnc3lWMH29my_Hq83aW0HBA-2Nb4mXdee_y8OvLB26p6SfBbgln7LnEiurbGVNSEYdzU5El1QjEXNWWUHj3YH1enKd3gMgTtOOmeVcccN0TwRp5U8Qz5sLEOrVzQ4NCXq6trNNq8Dj3SkGyPgkcphLxF2UaPwpSHcfgJeSjxZYhoWoccNsFlGAxK25TtmNDsexuRCePk7A80QcxD0U5r6Ae_elE9XYJL9vSwLqpvHz9cn3-uL79-ujg_u6wN73iuDWkMEK0FABZEc8EZCCGZbollvZZS4hakbXHTCi1FY7iQbddIwoG3kjVsUV3sdfsAN2qKwwhxqwIM6i4Q4krtjBlnFSNUQ0etAE65BK0NyLYU6o1ccgq2aLG91uwn2N6Cc_eCBKtdQ9S-Iao0RN01pMyL6v0-a5r1aHtjfY7gHll5fOKHtVqFjSKUdg3HvCi8OSjE8H22KatxSMY6B96GOSlGGceYylYU9PVf6E2Yoy8vvKMKxrHsCvXqoaV7L79_RAHoHjAxpBTt8v8uenieVGC_svFP7X9k_QIzQ9kW |
| Cites_doi | 10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp617-624 10.1109/ICDCECE65353.2025.11035845 10.3390/en13020371 10.1038/s41598-022-06609-6 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103831 10.23919/CJEE.2020.000035 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102259 10.1038/s41598-024-58820-2 10.3390/en16083358 10.1016/j.rser.2012.04.034 10.3390/app112311332 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103349 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.119015 10.1049/cth2.12626 10.1109/ICVADV63329.2025.10960824 10.1016/j.renene.2025.122339 10.1038/s41598-025-85481-6 10.1109/TPEL.2012.2185713 10.1049/rpg2.13138 10.1038/s41598-024-64915-7 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.130074 10.1109/ICDCECE65353.2025.11034835 10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117197 10.35833/MPCE.2020.000159 10.1016/j.engappai.2019.03.021 10.25139/ijair.v4i1.4327 10.1038/s41598-024-57610-0 10.1038/s41598-024-71167-y 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3226654 10.1038/s41598-024-59024-4 10.1038/s41598-021-98593-6 10.3390/en15051880 10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012152 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118592 10.1016/j.est.2025.116499 10.1038/s41598-024-83512-2 10.3390/pr11082493 10.1109/AESPC59761.2023.10390053 10.51173/jt.v1i1.43 10.1109/ICECOCS50124.2020.9314498 10.1109/ICPEE50452.2021.9358645 10.3390/app12020587 10.1201/9781003537823-6 10.1109/ICSCNA63714.2024.10863904 10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.07.452 10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114470 10.1080/00051144.2024.2388445 10.1007/s40815-020-00974-y 10.3390/su12020608 10.1038/s41598-025-89694-7 10.1007/s00704-022-04166-6 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3381345 10.1016/j.est.2023.108747 10.1016/j.renene.2025.122709 10.1038/s41598-024-69802-9 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3364776/v1 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111822 10.1038/s41598-024-83311-9 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3378749 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | The Author(s) 2025 2025. The Author(s). The Author(s) 2025. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. The Author(s) 2025 2025 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: The Author(s) 2025 – notice: 2025. The Author(s). – notice: The Author(s) 2025. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: The Author(s) 2025 2025 |
| DBID | C6C AAYXX CITATION NPM 3V. 7X7 7XB 88A 88E 88I 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AEUYN AFKRA AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BHPHI CCPQU DWQXO FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ HCIFZ K9. LK8 M0S M1P M2P M7P PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS Q9U 7X8 5PM ADTOC UNPAY DOA |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41598-025-13007-1 |
| DatabaseName | Springer Nature OA Free Journals CrossRef PubMed ProQuest Central (Corporate) Health & Medical Collection (Proquest) ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Biology Database (Alumni Edition) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) Science Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Natural Science Journals Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student ProQuest SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Biological Sciences Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition) Medical Database ProQuest Science Database Biological Science Database (Proquest) ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest) ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central Basic MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) Unpaywall for CDI: Periodical Content Unpaywall DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef PubMed Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Central Student ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central China ProQuest Biology Journals (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Health & Medical Research Collection Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) ProQuest Science Journals (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Basic ProQuest Science Journals ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Publicly Available Content Database |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: C6C name: Springer Nature Open Access Journals url: http://www.springeropen.com/ sourceTypes: Publisher – sequence: 2 dbid: DOA name: Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 3 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 4 dbid: UNPAY name: Unpaywall url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://unpaywall.org/ sourceTypes: Open Access Repository – sequence: 5 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518 sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Biology |
| EISSN | 2045-2322 |
| EndPage | 15 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_312ba92e5a4246abbca68b81dc6f42ae 10.1038/s41598-025-13007-1 PMC12297404 40715476 10_1038_s41598_025_13007_1 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GroupedDBID | 0R~ 4.4 53G 5VS 7X7 88E 88I 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ AAFWJ AAJSJ AAKDD AASML ABDBF ABUWG ACGFS ACUHS ADBBV ADRAZ AENEX AEUYN AFKRA AFPKN ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS AZQEC BAWUL BBNVY BCNDV BENPR BHPHI BPHCQ BVXVI C6C CCPQU DIK DWQXO EBD EBLON EBS ESX FYUFA GNUQQ GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HCIFZ HH5 HMCUK HYE KQ8 LK8 M1P M2P M7P M~E NAO OK1 PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PPXIY PQGLB PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO RNT RNTTT RPM SNYQT UKHRP AAYXX CITATION PUEGO NPM 3V. 7XB 88A 8FK K9. M48 PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS Q9U 7X8 5PM ADTOC EJD IPNFZ RIG UNPAY |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c494t-c17ca1bb5aa051b4543a5563b81e3db66608a6e80785b657c456897614a486373 |
| IEDL.DBID | DOA |
| ISSN | 2045-2322 |
| IngestDate | Fri Oct 03 12:46:02 EDT 2025 Sun Oct 26 03:57:09 EDT 2025 Tue Sep 30 17:02:30 EDT 2025 Fri Sep 05 15:32:23 EDT 2025 Tue Oct 07 08:05:02 EDT 2025 Fri Aug 01 03:41:27 EDT 2025 Wed Oct 01 05:24:06 EDT 2025 Sat Jul 26 01:15:59 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Keywords | Global maximum power point Photovoltaic systems Metaheuristic optimization Solar energy Sooty tern optimization algorithm Tracking efficiency Boost converter Partial shading conditions |
| Language | English |
| License | 2025. The Author(s). Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c494t-c17ca1bb5aa051b4543a5563b81e3db66608a6e80785b657c456897614a486373 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://doaj.org/article/312ba92e5a4246abbca68b81dc6f42ae |
| PMID | 40715476 |
| PQID | 3233404069 |
| PQPubID | 2041939 |
| PageCount | 15 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_312ba92e5a4246abbca68b81dc6f42ae unpaywall_primary_10_1038_s41598_025_13007_1 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_12297404 proquest_miscellaneous_3234002685 proquest_journals_3233404069 pubmed_primary_40715476 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_025_13007_1 springer_journals_10_1038_s41598_025_13007_1 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2025-07-25 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2025-07-25 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 07 year: 2025 text: 2025-07-25 day: 25 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | London |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: London – name: England |
| PublicationTitle | Scientific reports |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | Sci Rep |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Sci Rep |
| PublicationYear | 2025 |
| Publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Nature Publishing Group UK – name: Nature Publishing Group – name: Nature Portfolio |
| References | N Pamuk (13007_CR23) 2023; 16 13007_CR1 T Mariprasath (13007_CR18) 2024; 14 13007_CR3 DK Mathi (13007_CR8) 2024; 46 K El Mezdi (13007_CR50) 2023; 72 L Shang (13007_CR13) 2020; 5 GA Ghazi (13007_CR20) 2024; 12 AF Güven (13007_CR45) 2024; 18 ES Wirateruna (13007_CR26) 2022; 4 13007_CR43 SJ Yaqoob (13007_CR5) 2019; 1 CH Hussaian Basha (13007_CR53) 2024; 14 AW Ibrahim (13007_CR9) 2020; 6 MJ Alshareef (13007_CR16) 2024; 65 S PraveenKumar (13007_CR4) 2021; 11 SJ Yaqoob (13007_CR62) 2022; 333 13007_CR40 KW Nasser (13007_CR64) 2021; 21 KM Bhargavi (13007_CR47) 2024; 14 A Bouguerra (13007_CR49) 2024; 14 N Deghfel (13007_CR46) 2024; 14 T Nagadurga (13007_CR25) 2025; 15 K Ishaque (13007_CR15) 2012; 27 A Harrison (13007_CR51) 2023; 56 13007_CR11 KY Yap (13007_CR10) 2020; 8 13007_CR57 13007_CR12 I Sajid (13007_CR30) 2023; 11 13007_CR14 13007_CR17 F Cucchiella (13007_CR2) 2012; 16 H Belghiti (13007_CR52) 2024; 14 A Pradhan (13007_CR65) 2018; 8 CH Hussaian Basha (13007_CR58) 2020; 22 Z Sultana (13007_CR44) 2024; 14 EH Houssein (13007_CR68) 2023; 213 MH Zafar (13007_CR21) 2021; 47 S Sarwar (13007_CR28) 2022; 15 MJ Alshareef (13007_CR22) 2022; 10 AT Naser (13007_CR31) 2024; 22 I Dagal (13007_CR19) 2022; 12 13007_CR66 MA Hassan (13007_CR7) 2022; 150 AW Ibrahim (13007_CR41) 2025; 15 N Deghfel (13007_CR59) 2024; 18 13007_CR60 CH Basha (13007_CR54) 2020; 13 S Sarwar (13007_CR27) 2022; 12 13007_CR29 Z Sultana (13007_CR48) 2024; 24 G Dhiman (13007_CR67) 2019; 82 13007_CR33 13007_CR32 I Haseeb (13007_CR63) 2021; 11 13007_CR35 13007_CR34 SJ Yaqoob (13007_CR61) 2021; 11 13007_CR37 13007_CR36 13007_CR39 13007_CR38 L Zaghba (13007_CR55) 2024; 14 Y El Khlifi (13007_CR56) 2024; 58 F Abdelmalek (13007_CR42) 2025; 25 S Chtita (13007_CR24) 2023; 289 RJ Mustafa (13007_CR6) 2020; 12 |
| References_xml | – volume: 21 start-page: 617 issue: 2 year: 2021 ident: 13007_CR64 publication-title: Indonesian J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci. doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp617-624 – ident: 13007_CR38 doi: 10.1109/ICDCECE65353.2025.11035845 – volume: 11 start-page: 1700 year: 2021 ident: 13007_CR4 publication-title: Int. J. Renew. Energy Res. – volume: 22 start-page: 100565 year: 2024 ident: 13007_CR31 publication-title: Energy Convers. Management: X – volume: 13 start-page: 371 issue: 2 year: 2020 ident: 13007_CR54 publication-title: Energies doi: 10.3390/en13020371 – volume: 12 start-page: 2664 issue: 1 year: 2022 ident: 13007_CR19 publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06609-6 – volume: 25 start-page: 103831 year: 2025 ident: 13007_CR42 publication-title: Results Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103831 – volume: 6 start-page: 106 issue: 4 year: 2020 ident: 13007_CR9 publication-title: Chin. J. Electr. Eng. doi: 10.23919/CJEE.2020.000035 – ident: 13007_CR3 doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102259 – volume: 14 start-page: 8545 issue: 1 year: 2024 ident: 13007_CR18 publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-58820-2 – volume: 16 start-page: 3358 issue: 8 year: 2023 ident: 13007_CR23 publication-title: Energies doi: 10.3390/en16083358 – volume: 16 start-page: 5245 issue: 7 year: 2012 ident: 13007_CR2 publication-title: Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2012.04.034 – volume: 11 start-page: 11332 issue: 23 year: 2021 ident: 13007_CR63 publication-title: Appl. Sci. doi: 10.3390/app112311332 – volume: 24 start-page: 103349 year: 2024 ident: 13007_CR48 publication-title: Results Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103349 – volume: 213 start-page: 119015 year: 2023 ident: 13007_CR68 publication-title: Expert Syst. Appl. doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.119015 – volume: 18 start-page: 887 issue: 7 year: 2024 ident: 13007_CR45 publication-title: IET Control Theory Appl. doi: 10.1049/cth2.12626 – ident: 13007_CR40 doi: 10.1109/ICVADV63329.2025.10960824 – ident: 13007_CR33 doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.122339 – volume: 15 start-page: 3229 issue: 1 year: 2025 ident: 13007_CR41 publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-85481-6 – volume: 27 start-page: 3627 issue: 8 year: 2012 ident: 13007_CR15 publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2012.2185713 – volume: 47 start-page: 101367 year: 2021 ident: 13007_CR21 publication-title: Sustain. Energy Technol. Assess. – volume: 18 start-page: 3329 issue: 15 year: 2024 ident: 13007_CR59 publication-title: IET Renew. Power Gener. doi: 10.1049/rpg2.13138 – volume: 14 start-page: 13946 issue: 1 year: 2024 ident: 13007_CR49 publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-64915-7 – volume: 333 start-page: 130074 year: 2022 ident: 13007_CR62 publication-title: J. Clean. Prod. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.130074 – ident: 13007_CR66 – volume: 8 start-page: 141 issue: 1 year: 2018 ident: 13007_CR65 publication-title: Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng. – ident: 13007_CR39 doi: 10.1109/ICDCECE65353.2025.11034835 – volume: 289 start-page: 117197 year: 2023 ident: 13007_CR24 publication-title: Energy. Conv. Manag. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117197 – volume: 8 start-page: 1043 issue: 6 year: 2020 ident: 13007_CR10 publication-title: J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean. Energy doi: 10.35833/MPCE.2020.000159 – volume: 56 start-page: 262 issue: 1 year: 2023 ident: 13007_CR51 publication-title: Eng. Proc. – volume: 82 start-page: 148 year: 2019 ident: 13007_CR67 publication-title: Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. doi: 10.1016/j.engappai.2019.03.021 – volume: 4 start-page: 24 issue: 1 year: 2022 ident: 13007_CR26 publication-title: Int. J. Artif. Intell. Rob. (IJAIR) doi: 10.25139/ijair.v4i1.4327 – volume: 14 start-page: 6827 issue: 1 year: 2024 ident: 13007_CR46 publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-57610-0 – volume: 14 start-page: 20194 issue: 1 year: 2024 ident: 13007_CR47 publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-71167-y – volume: 10 start-page: 131345 year: 2022 ident: 13007_CR22 publication-title: IEEE Access. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3226654 – volume: 14 start-page: 8205 issue: 1 year: 2024 ident: 13007_CR55 publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-59024-4 – volume: 11 start-page: 19153 issue: 1 year: 2021 ident: 13007_CR61 publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98593-6 – volume: 15 start-page: 1880 issue: 5 year: 2022 ident: 13007_CR28 publication-title: Energies doi: 10.3390/en15051880 – ident: 13007_CR12 doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012152 – ident: 13007_CR35 doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118592 – ident: 13007_CR36 doi: 10.1016/j.est.2025.116499 – ident: 13007_CR1 – volume: 14 start-page: 31962 issue: 1 year: 2024 ident: 13007_CR52 publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-83512-2 – volume: 11 start-page: 2493 issue: 8 year: 2023 ident: 13007_CR30 publication-title: Processes doi: 10.3390/pr11082493 – ident: 13007_CR57 doi: 10.1109/AESPC59761.2023.10390053 – volume: 1 start-page: 39 issue: 1 year: 2019 ident: 13007_CR5 publication-title: J. Techniques doi: 10.51173/jt.v1i1.43 – ident: 13007_CR11 doi: 10.1109/ICECOCS50124.2020.9314498 – ident: 13007_CR14 doi: 10.1109/ICPEE50452.2021.9358645 – volume: 12 start-page: 587 issue: 2 year: 2022 ident: 13007_CR27 publication-title: Appl. Sci. doi: 10.3390/app12020587 – ident: 13007_CR60 doi: 10.1201/9781003537823-6 – ident: 13007_CR43 doi: 10.1109/ICSCNA63714.2024.10863904 – volume: 58 start-page: 13 issue: 13 year: 2024 ident: 13007_CR56 publication-title: IFAC-PapersOnLine doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.07.452 – ident: 13007_CR37 doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114470 – volume: 65 start-page: 1487 issue: 4 year: 2024 ident: 13007_CR16 publication-title: Automatika doi: 10.1080/00051144.2024.2388445 – volume: 22 start-page: 2577 issue: 8 year: 2020 ident: 13007_CR58 publication-title: Int. J. Fuzzy Syst. doi: 10.1007/s40815-020-00974-y – volume: 12 start-page: 608 issue: 2 year: 2020 ident: 13007_CR6 publication-title: Sustainability doi: 10.3390/su12020608 – volume: 46 start-page: 7467 issue: 1 year: 2024 ident: 13007_CR8 publication-title: Energy Sour. Part A Recover. Utilization Environ. Eff. – volume: 15 start-page: 10831 issue: 1 year: 2025 ident: 13007_CR25 publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-89694-7 – volume: 150 start-page: 715 issue: 1 year: 2022 ident: 13007_CR7 publication-title: Theoret. Appl. Climatol. doi: 10.1007/s00704-022-04166-6 – ident: 13007_CR29 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3381345 – volume: 5 start-page: 1 issue: 2 year: 2020 ident: 13007_CR13 publication-title: Prot. Control Mod. Power Syst. – volume: 72 start-page: 108747 year: 2023 ident: 13007_CR50 publication-title: J. Energy Storage doi: 10.1016/j.est.2023.108747 – ident: 13007_CR32 doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.122709 – volume: 14 start-page: 18826 issue: 1 year: 2024 ident: 13007_CR53 publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-69802-9 – ident: 13007_CR17 doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3364776/v1 – ident: 13007_CR34 doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111822 – volume: 14 start-page: 31536 issue: 1 year: 2024 ident: 13007_CR44 publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-83311-9 – volume: 12 start-page: 42932 year: 2024 ident: 13007_CR20 publication-title: IEEE Access. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3378749 |
| SSID | ssj0000529419 |
| Score | 2.4623492 |
| Snippet | As the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) systems continues to expand globally, the need for robust and highly efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)... Abstract As the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) systems continues to expand globally, the need for robust and highly efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking... |
| SourceID | doaj unpaywall pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref springer |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 27030 |
| SubjectTerms | 639/166 639/166/4073 639/166/987 639/4077 639/4077/4073 639/4077/909 639/705 639/705/1041 Accuracy Adaptability Air pollution Algorithms Boost converter Control algorithms Convergence Design Efficiency Fossil fuels Global maximum power point Humanities and Social Sciences Metaheuristic optimization multidisciplinary Optimization algorithms Oscillations Partial shading conditions Photovoltaic systems Photovoltaics Power plants Science Science (multidisciplinary) Shading Solar energy Sooty tern optimization algorithm |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: ProQuest Central dbid: BENPR link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3da9RAEB_qFVEfxO9Gq6zgmw1NdjebzYNIKy1F6HFIC30Lu5ttr3Bm00tOvf_enXzVQym-ZkOY7HzszM7MbwA-FN7mZ8ILb5HyIuSXKQ2zLDWh1Inya1SkGruRT6fi5Jx_vUgutmA69MJgWeVgE1tDXTiDd-T7jDLGI-zT_FzdhDg1CrOrwwgN1Y9WKD61EGP3YJsiMtYEtg-PprNv460L5rV4nPXdMxGT-7U_wbDLjCYhZnbSMN44oVog_395n38XUY6Z1EfwYFVWav1TLRZ_HFbHT-Bx72WSg04snsKWLZ_B_W7u5Po5LA9I6X7YBengQMjpbHZGulnSBI-1griS1M41a4L3hcR5u_K9b9gk3ssl1dw1zhu2Rl0b0oFB1wTb0ZakrVG3v0iFMum_Xc_bKv0XcH58dPblJOyHL4SGZ7wJTZwaFWvPMuX1VvOEM4VgYlrGlhXaRz2RVMIiXH2iRZIa74lJ79vEXHEpWMpewqR0pd0BYrzPaajNNLOCZyzTGMZYKYXgRkhLA_g4bHhedRgbeZsbZzLv2JN79rSJtzSPAzhEnoxvIj52-8Atr_Je3XIWU60yahPFKRdKa6OE9KQXRlxyqmwAuwNH815p6_xWxAJ4Py57dcMciiqtW7XvcIxbZRLAq04ARkowNk54KgKQG6KxQermSnk9byG9Y0p9YBfxAPYGKbql66692Bsl7T-27vXdf_0GHlLUgwixO3Zh0ixX9q13uRr9rtej3-spKCw priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest – databaseName: Springer Nature HAS Fully OA dbid: AAJSJ link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3fi9QwEB6OPUR9EH9bPSWCb25xm6RJ-riKx7FwcuAd3FtJ0hx7sNcu2666_70zbbdaTkRfmyaEzDeZmUzmC8C7Avf8TCF4Cy2LWF5pHmeZ9rFxqcU2rrSjauTTL-rkQi4u08sDmO5rYUb5-5a6u0YTQ2VgPI0p9aJjjHUODQLTTOBwPl98XQxnKpS1kknW18Zg9w-3O4_sT0vT_yff8vYVySFPeh_ubsu13X23q9Vvpuj4ITzofUg274T-CA5C-RjudK9K7p7AZs7K6ltYsY7sg52enZ2z7qVoRkarYFXJ6qpqdoxOA1mFu8ZNX47J0Idl62XVVLhtNfbas47quWZUbLZh7Q308IOtCXE4dr1s7-A_hYvjz-efTuL-aYXYy0w2sU-0t4lDgVjUSidTKSxRhTmTBFE4jGlmxqpAZPSpU6n26GcZ9FwSaaVRQotnMCmrMrwA5tGj9DxkTgQlM5E5ClKCMUpJr0zgEbzfL3i-7hg08jbzLUzeiSdH8bRpNZ0nEXwkmQx_Evt1-wFBkffKlIuEO5vxkFrJpbLOeasMTr3w6kpyGyI42ks071WyzgUXQs6o0DeCt0MzKhNlSGwZqm37j6So1KQRPO8AMMyEIt9UahWBGUFjNNVxS3m9bAm7E84xbJvJCKZ7FP2a19_WYjog7R-W7uX_jf4K7nHSixkxdRzBpNlsw2t0sBr3ptern1vrHF0 priority: 102 providerName: Springer Nature – databaseName: Unpaywall dbid: UNPAY link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3db9MwELdQJwR74BsWGMhIvLFsjb_zWBDThLSpD6s0niLb8dSJklRNCpS_nrskDQQmNF5jt3LOd_bvcne_I-RNDmd-qkB5cy3yWFxqFqep9rFx0sIYU9phNfLpmTqZiY8X8qKjycFamEH8npujCi4YLAJjMsbAi47B09lREnD3iOzMzqaTT9g9DnBJDNCAdVUx1_9wcPM0BP3Xocq_kyP7COkuubMulnbzzS4Wv11Cx_fbbkZVw12IuSefD9e1O_Q__mB2vNn7PSD3OixKJ63yPCS3QvGI3G67U24ek9WEFuXXsKAtaQg9nU7PadtxmuLll9OyoFVZ1huKXxVpCafPl66skwIWpst5WZdw_NX2ytOWMrqiWLS2ok0me_hOl6i58N_VvMnlf0Jmxx_O35_EXYuG2ItU1LFPtLeJg421YN1OSMEtUo45kwSeO_CNxsaqgKT20impPeA1AwgoEVYYxTV_SkZFWYQ9Qj0gU89C6nhQIuWpQ2cnGKOU8MoEFpG32-3Lli0TR9ZE0LnJWilmIMUmPKezJCLvcIf7mcii3TwA4WedUWY8Yc6mLEgrmFDWOW-VgaXnXl0KZkNE9rf6kXWmXWWccS7GWDAckdf9MBglRlpsEcp1M0egd2tkRJ616tSvBD1oKbSKiBko2mCpw5Hiat4QfyeMgfs3FhE52Orkr3X9SxYHvd7eQHTP_2_6C3KXofqOkfFjn4zq1Tq8BKBWu1edhf4E6agySA priority: 102 providerName: Unpaywall |
| Title | A novel global MPPT method based on sooty tern optimization for photovoltaic systems under complex partial shading |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-025-13007-1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40715476 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3233404069 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3234002685 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC12297404 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13007-1 https://doaj.org/article/312ba92e5a4246abbca68b81dc6f42ae |
| UnpaywallVersion | publishedVersion |
| Volume | 15 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVFSB databaseName: Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: HH5 dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://abc-chemistry.org/ providerName: ABC ChemistRy – providerCode: PRVAFT databaseName: Open Access Digital Library customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: KQ8 dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVEBS databaseName: Academic Search Ultimate customDbUrl: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?authtype=ip,shib&custid=s3936755&profile=ehost&defaultdb=asn eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: ABDBF dateStart: 20121221 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?db=asn providerName: EBSCOhost – providerCode: PRVBFR databaseName: Free Medical Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: DIK dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://www.freemedicaljournals.com providerName: Flying Publisher – providerCode: PRVFQY databaseName: GFMER Free Medical Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: GX1 dateStart: 0 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://www.gfmer.ch/Medical_journals/Free_medical.php providerName: Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVAQN databaseName: PubMed Central customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: RPM dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ providerName: National Library of Medicine – providerCode: PRVAQT databaseName: Springer Nature - nature.com Journals - Fully Open Access customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: NAO dateStart: 20111201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.nature.com/siteindex/index.html providerName: Nature Publishing – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 20210101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518 eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20210101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVAVX databaseName: Springer Nature HAS Fully OA customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: AAJSJ dateStart: 20111201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.springernature.com providerName: Springer Nature – providerCode: PRVAVX databaseName: Springer Nature Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 2045-2322 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419 issn: 2045-2322 databaseCode: C6C dateStart: 20111201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://www.springeropen.com/ providerName: Springer Nature |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3Nb9MwFLdgCDEOiK-xwKiMxI1FS2zHH8eu2jRVWlXBKpVTZDueOqkkVZsC_e95jtPQCgQcOEWyrch53y_P72eE3hdg8xUH4S0EK2J2K0islLCxNJmGOcKF8d3I1yN-NWHDaTbduerLnwkL8MCBcGc0JUYr4jLNCOPaGKu5NBBlWX7LiHbe-iZS7SRTAdWbKJaqtksmofJsBZ7Kd5ORLPYVHBGne56oAez_XZT562HJrmL6GD1alwu9-abn8x2ndPkUPWmjSdwPX_EM3XPlc_Qw3C-5eYGWfVxWX90cB9gPfD0e3-BwZzT27qvAVYlXVVVvsP8viCuwH1_axkwM0SxezKq6AgNW6zuLA-jzCvu2syVuzqK773jhSQjvXs2a0_gv0eTy4mZwFbeXLMSWKVbHNhVWpwZYo0E_DcsY1R40DEjsaGEgu0mk5s7D0meGZ8JCxCUhhkmZZpJTQY_QQVmV7hhhC7GlJU4Z6jhTVBmfrjgpOWeWS0ci9GFL8HwRsDTypgZOZR7YkwN7mgKbyNMInXuedCs9DnYzANKRt9KR_006InSy5WjeKucqp4RSlviW3wi966ZBrXytRJeuWjdrmM9PZRahV0EAup34HDhjgkdI7onG3lb3Z8q7WQPdnRICCVzCInS6laKf-_oTLU47SfsH0r3-H6R7gw6J15bEI3mcoIN6uXZvIQCrTQ_dF1PRQw_6_eGnITzPL0bjjzA64INeo4cwNhmN-59_AFSkMek |
| linkProvider | Directory of Open Access Journals |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwEB6VVqhwQLwJFDASnGjUje04zqFCLbTa0u5qhVqpt9R2XLbSkiybLGX_HL-NcV5lBaq49BpH0cTz9ni-AXibos2PBQpvGvHU5-cR9eM4Mr7UocI1KiLtupEHQ9E_4Z9Pw9MV-NX2wrhrla1NrAx1mht3Rr7FKGO85_o0P0y_-25qlKuutiM0VDNaId2uIMaaxo5Du7jEFK7YPviE_H5H6f7e8ce-30wZ8A2PeembIDIq0EibQgHVPORMOdQsLQPLUo3hfU8qYR0ue6hFGBkMOSQ68YArLgWLGH73FqxxxmNM_tZ294ajL90pj6uj8SBuunV6TG4V6DFdVxsNfVdJivxgySNWgwP-Fe3-fWmzq9zehfV5NlWLSzWZ_OEc9-_DvSaqJTu1GD6AFZs9hNv1nMvFI5jtkCz_YSekhh8hg9HomNSzq4lzoynJM1Lkebkg7nyS5GjHvjUNogSjajId52WOhrRUF4bU4NMFce1vM1Ldibc_ydTpAH67GFddAY_h5EbY8ARWszyzz4AYjHENtbFmVvCYxdqlTVZKIbgR0lIP3rcbnkxrTI-kqsUzmdTsSZA9VaEvSgIPdh1PujcdHnf1IJ99TRr1TlhAtYqpDRWnXCitjRISSU-NOOdUWQ82Wo4mjZEokiuR9uBNt4zq7Wo2KrP5vHqHuzxZhh48rQWgo8Tl4iGPhAdySTSWSF1eyS7GFYR4QCkmkj3uwWYrRVd0XbcXm52k_cfWPb_-r1_Dev94cJQcHQwPX8Ad6nSi53BDNmC1nM3tSwz3Sv2q0SkCZzetxr8BVP5iug |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1bb9MwFD4aQ9weEHcCA4wETyxqYzu284DQYFQbY1MfNqlvwXZcOqkkpU0Z_Wv8OnxyGxVo4mWvcRSd-HznYp8bwKvM6_xEePBmkmchH0saJom0oTKx9mtUSIPVyIdHYu-EfxrFow341dbCYFplqxMrRZ0VFu_Ie4wyxvtYp9kbN2kRw93Bu9n3ECdIYaS1HadRQ-TArc788W3xdn_X8_o1pYOPxx_2wmbCQGh5wsvQRtLqyHi6tAen4TFnGjtmGRU5lhnv2veVFg57ssdGxNJ6d0N5Ax5xzZVgkvnvXoGrkrEE0wnlSHb3OxhB41HS1On0meotvK3EejYahxhDkmG0ZgurkQH_8nP_TtfsYra34MYyn-nVmZ5O_zCLgztwu_FnyU4NwLuw4fJ7cK2ecLm6D_Mdkhc_3JTUjUfI4XB4TOqp1QQNaEaKnCyKolwRvJkkhddg35rSUOL9aTKbFGXhVWipTy2p204vCBa-zUmVDe9-khmi3397ManqAR7AyaUw4SFs5kXuHgOx3ru11CWGOcETlhg8MDmlhOBWKEcDeNNueDqru3mkVRSeqbRmT-rZU4X4ZBoF8B550r2JnbirB8X8a9oIdsoianRCXaw55UIbY7VQnvTMijGn2gWw1XI0bdTDIj0HcwAvu2Uv2Bit0bkrltU7HE_IKg7gUQ2AjhI8hcdcigDUGjTWSF1fyU8nVfPwiFJ_hOzzALZbFJ3TddFebHdI-4-te3LxX7-A615408_7RwdP4SZFkehjw5At2CznS_fM-3mleV4JFIEvly3BvwGLNWBU |
| linkToUnpaywall | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3db9MwELdQJwR74BsWGMhIvLFsjb_zWBDThLSpD6s0niLb8dSJklRNCpS_nrskDQQmNF5jt3LOd_bvcne_I-RNDmd-qkB5cy3yWFxqFqep9rFx0sIYU9phNfLpmTqZiY8X8qKjycFamEH8npujCi4YLAJjMsbAi47B09lREnD3iOzMzqaTT9g9DnBJDNCAdVUx1_9wcPM0BP3Xocq_kyP7COkuubMulnbzzS4Wv11Cx_fbbkZVw12IuSefD9e1O_Q__mB2vNn7PSD3OixKJ63yPCS3QvGI3G67U24ek9WEFuXXsKAtaQg9nU7PadtxmuLll9OyoFVZ1huKXxVpCafPl66skwIWpst5WZdw_NX2ytOWMrqiWLS2ok0me_hOl6i58N_VvMnlf0Jmxx_O35_EXYuG2ItU1LFPtLeJg421YN1OSMEtUo45kwSeO_CNxsaqgKT20impPeA1AwgoEVYYxTV_SkZFWYQ9Qj0gU89C6nhQIuWpQ2cnGKOU8MoEFpG32-3Lli0TR9ZE0LnJWilmIMUmPKezJCLvcIf7mcii3TwA4WedUWY8Yc6mLEgrmFDWOW-VgaXnXl0KZkNE9rf6kXWmXWWccS7GWDAckdf9MBglRlpsEcp1M0egd2tkRJ616tSvBD1oKbSKiBko2mCpw5Hiat4QfyeMgfs3FhE52Orkr3X9SxYHvd7eQHTP_2_6C3KXofqOkfFjn4zq1Tq8BKBWu1edhf4E6agySA |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+novel+global+MPPT+method+based+on+sooty+tern+optimization+for+photovoltaic+systems+under+complex+partial+shading&rft.jtitle=Scientific+reports&rft.au=Kaaitan%2C+Mohammed+Taha&rft.au=Fayadh%2C+Rashid+Ali&rft.au=AL-sagar%2C+Zuhair+S.&rft.au=Yaqoob%2C+Salam+J.&rft.date=2025-07-25&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft.eissn=2045-2322&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fs41598-025-13007-1&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1038_s41598_025_13007_1 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2045-2322&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2045-2322&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2045-2322&client=summon |