Electromagnetic textile absorber applied to 4G and 5G bands

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 18768 - 11
• Main Authors: Carvalho, Paulo H. B., Santana, Ewaldo E. C., Barros Filho, Allan K. D., Silva Júnior, Paulo F., Martins, Keyll C. R., Azevedo, Talita C., Martins, Waldemir P., Medeiros, Mauro A., Gonçalves, Rubens S., Sousa Filho, Lourival M., Correia, Gricirene S., Fernandes, Gabrielle M., Pinheiro, Talita C., Rodrigues, Brenda A. S., Cruz, Carlos A. M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 29.05.2025; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 4G and 5G bands; 639/166; 639/166/987; 639/301; Absorption; Acetic acid; Denim; Electromagnetic; Electromagnetic radiation; Electronic equipment; Humanities and Social Sciences; Low-cost; Magnetic fields; multidisciplinary; Prototypes; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Textile absorber; Low-cost; Electromagnetic; 4G and 5G bands; Textile absorber
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-03490-x

Absorber materials are developed to reduce electromagnetic radiation and ensure the compatibility of the operation of electronic equipment in environments subject to interference. This work presents the development of a low-cost textile electromagnetic absorber for 4G and 5G technologies, operating at frequencies of 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz. The proposed electromagnetic absorber utilizes a 1 mm-thick Denim substrate, with a graphite composite used in the agricultural and commercial polyvinyl acetate glue industry, with the relationship of 25 wt%. The measurements were carried out in a Vector Network Analyzer, model E5071C Agilent Technologies, with the characterization of the Denim substrate, the glue, and the identification of the best parameters for the construction of the absorber. In the project, three low-cost textile absorbers prototypes were fabricated, with G1 = 0.25 mm, G2 = 0.35 mm, and G3 = 0.5 mm of thickness layers of the composite deposited on a Denim fabric. The results indicate that the absorber prototypes G2 presents great results in the frequency range of 4G and 5G band, with a maximum absorption of 26.6 dB in 3.94 GHz, with a structure 98.83% thinner than the commercial absorber LF-75. The variation in absorption performance may be attributed to the different mechanisms by which the absorbers operate: the commercial absorber LF-75 primarily interacts with the magnetic field, whereas the textile prototype predominantly affects the electric field.