A novel scale based on biomarkers associated with COVID-19 severity can predict the need for hospitalization and intensive care, as well as enhanced probabilities for mortality

Prognostic scales may help to optimize the use of hospital resources, which may be of prime interest in the context of a fast spreading pandemics. Nonetheless, such tools are underdeveloped in the context of COVID-19. In the present article we asked whether accurate prognostic scales could be develo...

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Published inScientific reports Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 9064 - 9
Main Authors Nieto-Ortega, Eduardo, Maldonado-del-Arenal, Alejandro, Escudero-Roque, Lupita, Macedo-Falcon, Diana Ali, Escorcia-Saucedo, Ana Elena, León-del-Ángel, Adalberto, Durán-Méndez, Alejandro, Rueda-Medécigo, María José, García-Callejas, Karla, Hernández-Islas, Sergio, Romero-López, Gabriel, Hernández-Romero, Ángel Raúl, Pérez-Ortega, Daniela, Rodríguez-Segura, Estephany, Montaño‑Olmos, Daniela, Hernández-Muñoz, Jeffrey, Rodríguez-Peña, Samuel, Magos, Montserrat, Aco-Cuamani, Yanira Lizeth, García-Chávez, Nazareth, García-Otero, Ana Lizeth, Mejía-Rangel, Analiz, Gutiérrez-Losada, Valeria, Cova-Bonilla, Miguel, Aguilar-Arroyo, Alma Delia, Sandoval-García, Araceli, Martínez-Francisco, Eneyda, Vázquez-García, Blanca Azucena, Jardínez-Vera, Aldo Christiaan, del Campo, Alejandro Lechuga-Martín, Peón, Alberto N.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 04.06.2023
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI10.1038/s41598-023-30913-4

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Abstract Prognostic scales may help to optimize the use of hospital resources, which may be of prime interest in the context of a fast spreading pandemics. Nonetheless, such tools are underdeveloped in the context of COVID-19. In the present article we asked whether accurate prognostic scales could be developed to optimize the use of hospital resources. We retrospectively studied 467 files of hospitalized patients after COVID-19. The odds ratios for 16 different biomarkers were calculated, those that were significantly associated were screened by a Pearson’s correlation, and such index was used to establish the mathematical function for each marker. The scales to predict the need for hospitalization, intensive-care requirement and mortality had enhanced sensitivities (0.91 CI 0.87–0.94; 0.96 CI 0.94–0.98; 0.96 CI 0.94–0.98; all with p  < 0.0001) and specificities (0.74 CI 0.62–0.83; 0.92 CI 0.87–0.96 and 0.91 CI 0.86–0.94; all with p  < 0.0001). Interestingly, when a different population was assayed, these parameters did not change considerably. These results show a novel approach to establish the mathematical function of a marker in the development of highly sensitive prognostic tools, which in this case, may aid in the optimization of hospital resources. An online version of the three algorithms can be found at: http://benepachuca.no-ip.org/covid/index.php
AbstractList Prognostic scales may help to optimize the use of hospital resources, which may be of prime interest in the context of a fast spreading pandemics. Nonetheless, such tools are underdeveloped in the context of COVID-19. In the present article we asked whether accurate prognostic scales could be developed to optimize the use of hospital resources. We retrospectively studied 467 files of hospitalized patients after COVID-19. The odds ratios for 16 different biomarkers were calculated, those that were significantly associated were screened by a Pearson’s correlation, and such index was used to establish the mathematical function for each marker. The scales to predict the need for hospitalization, intensive-care requirement and mortality had enhanced sensitivities (0.91 CI 0.87–0.94; 0.96 CI 0.94–0.98; 0.96 CI 0.94–0.98; all with p < 0.0001) and specificities (0.74 CI 0.62–0.83; 0.92 CI 0.87–0.96 and 0.91 CI 0.86–0.94; all with p < 0.0001). Interestingly, when a different population was assayed, these parameters did not change considerably. These results show a novel approach to establish the mathematical function of a marker in the development of highly sensitive prognostic tools, which in this case, may aid in the optimization of hospital resources. An online version of the three algorithms can be found at: http://benepachuca.no-ip.org/covid/index.php
Prognostic scales may help to optimize the use of hospital resources, which may be of prime interest in the context of a fast spreading pandemics. Nonetheless, such tools are underdeveloped in the context of COVID-19. In the present article we asked whether accurate prognostic scales could be developed to optimize the use of hospital resources. We retrospectively studied 467 files of hospitalized patients after COVID-19. The odds ratios for 16 different biomarkers were calculated, those that were significantly associated were screened by a Pearson's correlation, and such index was used to establish the mathematical function for each marker. The scales to predict the need for hospitalization, intensive-care requirement and mortality had enhanced sensitivities (0.91 CI 0.87-0.94; 0.96 CI 0.94-0.98; 0.96 CI 0.94-0.98; all with p < 0.0001) and specificities (0.74 CI 0.62-0.83; 0.92 CI 0.87-0.96 and 0.91 CI 0.86-0.94; all with p < 0.0001). Interestingly, when a different population was assayed, these parameters did not change considerably. These results show a novel approach to establish the mathematical function of a marker in the development of highly sensitive prognostic tools, which in this case, may aid in the optimization of hospital resources. An online version of the three algorithms can be found at: http://benepachuca.no-ip.org/covid/index.php.Prognostic scales may help to optimize the use of hospital resources, which may be of prime interest in the context of a fast spreading pandemics. Nonetheless, such tools are underdeveloped in the context of COVID-19. In the present article we asked whether accurate prognostic scales could be developed to optimize the use of hospital resources. We retrospectively studied 467 files of hospitalized patients after COVID-19. The odds ratios for 16 different biomarkers were calculated, those that were significantly associated were screened by a Pearson's correlation, and such index was used to establish the mathematical function for each marker. The scales to predict the need for hospitalization, intensive-care requirement and mortality had enhanced sensitivities (0.91 CI 0.87-0.94; 0.96 CI 0.94-0.98; 0.96 CI 0.94-0.98; all with p < 0.0001) and specificities (0.74 CI 0.62-0.83; 0.92 CI 0.87-0.96 and 0.91 CI 0.86-0.94; all with p < 0.0001). Interestingly, when a different population was assayed, these parameters did not change considerably. These results show a novel approach to establish the mathematical function of a marker in the development of highly sensitive prognostic tools, which in this case, may aid in the optimization of hospital resources. An online version of the three algorithms can be found at: http://benepachuca.no-ip.org/covid/index.php.
Abstract Prognostic scales may help to optimize the use of hospital resources, which may be of prime interest in the context of a fast spreading pandemics. Nonetheless, such tools are underdeveloped in the context of COVID-19. In the present article we asked whether accurate prognostic scales could be developed to optimize the use of hospital resources. We retrospectively studied 467 files of hospitalized patients after COVID-19. The odds ratios for 16 different biomarkers were calculated, those that were significantly associated were screened by a Pearson’s correlation, and such index was used to establish the mathematical function for each marker. The scales to predict the need for hospitalization, intensive-care requirement and mortality had enhanced sensitivities (0.91 CI 0.87–0.94; 0.96 CI 0.94–0.98; 0.96 CI 0.94–0.98; all with p < 0.0001) and specificities (0.74 CI 0.62–0.83; 0.92 CI 0.87–0.96 and 0.91 CI 0.86–0.94; all with p < 0.0001). Interestingly, when a different population was assayed, these parameters did not change considerably. These results show a novel approach to establish the mathematical function of a marker in the development of highly sensitive prognostic tools, which in this case, may aid in the optimization of hospital resources. An online version of the three algorithms can be found at: http://benepachuca.no-ip.org/covid/index.php
Prognostic scales may help to optimize the use of hospital resources, which may be of prime interest in the context of a fast spreading pandemics. Nonetheless, such tools are underdeveloped in the context of COVID-19. In the present article we asked whether accurate prognostic scales could be developed to optimize the use of hospital resources. We retrospectively studied 467 files of hospitalized patients after COVID-19. The odds ratios for 16 different biomarkers were calculated, those that were significantly associated were screened by a Pearson’s correlation, and such index was used to establish the mathematical function for each marker. The scales to predict the need for hospitalization, intensive-care requirement and mortality had enhanced sensitivities (0.91 CI 0.87–0.94; 0.96 CI 0.94–0.98; 0.96 CI 0.94–0.98; all with p  < 0.0001) and specificities (0.74 CI 0.62–0.83; 0.92 CI 0.87–0.96 and 0.91 CI 0.86–0.94; all with p  < 0.0001). Interestingly, when a different population was assayed, these parameters did not change considerably. These results show a novel approach to establish the mathematical function of a marker in the development of highly sensitive prognostic tools, which in this case, may aid in the optimization of hospital resources. An online version of the three algorithms can be found at: http://benepachuca.no-ip.org/covid/index.php
Prognostic scales may help to optimize the use of hospital resources, which may be of prime interest in the context of a fast spreading pandemics. Nonetheless, such tools are underdeveloped in the context of COVID-19. In the present article we asked whether accurate prognostic scales could be developed to optimize the use of hospital resources. We retrospectively studied 467 files of hospitalized patients after COVID-19. The odds ratios for 16 different biomarkers were calculated, those that were significantly associated were screened by a Pearson's correlation, and such index was used to establish the mathematical function for each marker. The scales to predict the need for hospitalization, intensive-care requirement and mortality had enhanced sensitivities (0.91 CI 0.87-0.94; 0.96 CI 0.94-0.98; 0.96 CI 0.94-0.98; all with p < 0.0001) and specificities (0.74 CI 0.62-0.83; 0.92 CI 0.87-0.96 and 0.91 CI 0.86-0.94; all with p < 0.0001). Interestingly, when a different population was assayed, these parameters did not change considerably. These results show a novel approach to establish the mathematical function of a marker in the development of highly sensitive prognostic tools, which in this case, may aid in the optimization of hospital resources. An online version of the three algorithms can be found at: http://benepachuca.no-ip.org/covid/index.php.
ArticleNumber 9064
Author Hernández-Islas, Sergio
del Campo, Alejandro Lechuga-Martín
García-Callejas, Karla
Aco-Cuamani, Yanira Lizeth
Rodríguez-Peña, Samuel
Hernández-Romero, Ángel Raúl
Rueda-Medécigo, María José
Sandoval-García, Araceli
Maldonado-del-Arenal, Alejandro
Durán-Méndez, Alejandro
Mejía-Rangel, Analiz
Martínez-Francisco, Eneyda
Gutiérrez-Losada, Valeria
Escorcia-Saucedo, Ana Elena
Pérez-Ortega, Daniela
Macedo-Falcon, Diana Ali
Jardínez-Vera, Aldo Christiaan
García-Otero, Ana Lizeth
García-Chávez, Nazareth
Escudero-Roque, Lupita
Peón, Alberto N.
Aguilar-Arroyo, Alma Delia
Romero-López, Gabriel
León-del-Ángel, Adalberto
Hernández-Muñoz, Jeffrey
Nieto-Ortega, Eduardo
Rodríguez-Segura, Estephany
Cova-Bonilla, Miguel
Vázquez-García, Blanca Azucena
Montaño‑Olmos, Daniela
Magos, Montserrat
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References ParkSYNomogram: An analogue tool to deliver digital knowledgeJ. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.20181554179310.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.12.10729370910
ZhangLThe common risk factors for progression and mortality in COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysisArch. Virol.20211668207120871:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXotVCgtro%3D10.1007/s00705-021-05012-2337976218017903
Rahmah, L., et al. Oral antiviral treatments for COVID-19: opportunities and challenges. Pharmacol. Rep. 1–24 (2022).
Sevilla-CastilloFBoth chloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir are ineffective for COVID-19 treatment and combined worsen the pathology: A single-center experience with severely ill patientsBiomed. Res. Int.20212021882131810.1155/2021/8821318337327447871110
Contreras-GrandeJChest computed tomography findings associated with severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19Rev. Peru Med. Exp. Salud Publica202138220621310.17843/rpmesp.2021.382.656234468566
Durán-MéndezATocilizumab reduces COVID-19 mortality and pathology in a dose and timing-dependent fashion: A multi-centric studySci. Rep.2021111197282021NatSR..1119728D10.1038/s41598-021-99291-z346112518492686
TiryakiŞDabeşlimHAksuYChest computed tomographic findings of patients with COVID-19-related pneumoniaActa Radiol. Open20211022058460121989309336141617874355
IzcovichAPrognostic factors for severity and mortality in patients infected with COVID-19: A systematic reviewPLoS ONE202015111:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitlyqsL3J10.1371/journal.pone.0241955332018967671522
LitmanovichDEReview of chest radiograph findings of COVID-19 pneumonia and suggested reporting languageJ. Thorac. Imaging202035635436032520846
SheikhSAl-MandhariACOVID-19: Questionable seasonalityJ. Coll. Phys. Surg. Pak.2022326827828
GuoJCURB-65 may serve as a useful prognostic marker in COVID-19 patients within Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort studyEpidemiol. Infect.20201481:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitFarurfI10.1017/S095026882000236832998791
GrifoniEThe CALL score for predicting outcomes in patients with COVID-19Clin. Infect. Dis.20217211821831:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXjslaqsbw%3D32474605
MeloAKGBiomarkers of cytokine storm as red flags for severe and fatal COVID-19 cases: A living systematic review and meta-analysisPLoS ONE20211661:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhsVyitrzK10.1371/journal.pone.0253894341858018241122
CapolongoSCOVID-19 and Healthcare Facilities: A Decalogue of Design Strategies for Resilient HospitalsActa Biomed.2020919s50601:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXis1OjtLfM327019178023092
FocosiDMaggiFCasadevallAMucosal vaccines, sterilizing immunity, and the future of SARS-CoV-2 virulenceViruses2022142110.3390/v14020187
WuZMcGooganJMCharacteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: Summary of a report of 72,314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control and preventionJAMA202032313123912421:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXnsFCqsrs%3D10.1001/jama.2020.264832091533
ChuaPEYEpidemiological and clinical characteristics of non-severe and severe pediatric and adult COVID-19 patients across different geographical regions in the early phase of pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studiesJ. Investig. Med.20216971287129610.1136/jim-2021-001858341350688485127
KhodeirMMEarly prediction keys for COVID-19 cases progression: A meta-analysisJ. Infect. Public Health202114556156910.1016/j.jiph.2021.03.001338488857934660
ShiCPredictors of mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysisBMC Infect. Dis.20212116631:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhsFGhtbfF10.1186/s12879-021-06369-0342382328264491
BarbashIJKahnJMFostering hospital resilience—lessons from COVID-19JAMA202132686936941:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhvFChurfO10.1001/jama.2021.1248434323923
Castro, H.M., Prieto, M.A., & Muñoz, A.M. Prevalence of burnout in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors. A cross-sectional study. Medicina (B Aires)82(4), 479–486 (2022).
SuHMultilevel threshold image segmentation for COVID-19 chest radiography: A framework using horizontal and vertical multiverse optimizationComput. Biol. Med.20221461:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XitVOmtbrE10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105618356904779113963
MalikPBiomarkers and outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalisations: systematic review and meta-analysisBMJ Evid. Based Med.202126310710810.1136/bmjebm-2020-11153632934000
Molina, H., & Rodríguez, I. Al alza, saturación de hospitales por Covid-19. 2022 [cited 2022 08/08/2022]; Available from: https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/politica/Al-alza-saturacion-de-hospitales-por-Covid-19-20220117-0137.html.
Parra-BracamonteGMLopez-VillalobosNParra-BracamonteFEClinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality of patients with COVID-19 in a large data set from MexicoAnn. Epidemiol.2020529398.e210.1016/j.annepidem.2020.08.005327987017426229
MrukBChest computed tomography (CT) severity scales in COVID-19 disease: A validation studyMed. Sci. Monit.2021271:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhslKrs7fK10.12659/MSM.931283339478238108556
Organization, W.H. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. 2022 05/08/2022 [cited 2022 02/08/2022]; Available from: https://covid19.who.int/.
Bertoni, V.B., et al. Resilience, Safety and Health: Reflections About Covid-19’ Assistance. In Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021) (Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2021).
JiDPrediction for progression risk in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: The CALL scoreClin. Infect. Dis.2020716139313991:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhvFygt73L10.1093/cid/ciaa41432271369
FuLClinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A systematic review and meta-analysisJ. Infect.20208066566651:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVantLzE10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.041322831557151416
KimKMRapid prediction of in-hospital mortality among adults with COVID-19 diseasePLoS ONE202217744782921:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XitVKlu7%2FP10.1371/journal.pone.0269813359050729337639
Eduardo Nieto-Ortega, D.A.M.-F., & Peón, A. N. Calculadora de riesgo de progresión a hospitalización por COVID-19, enfermedad crítica y muerte. Estudio retrospectivo observacional. Soc. Esp Bene 3, 1–15 (2022).
KermaliMThe role of biomarkers in diagnosis of COVID-19 - A systematic reviewLife Sci20202541:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVSjs7fK10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117788324758107219356
VelavanTPMeyerCGMild versus severe COVID-19: Laboratory markersInt. J. Infect. Dis.2020953043071:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXoslenu7k%3D10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.061323440117194601
XieJClinical characteristics, laboratory abnormalities and CT findings of COVID-19 patients and risk factors of severe disease: A systematic review and meta-analysisAnn. Palliat. Med.20211021928194910.21037/apm-20-186333548996
KamranSMCALL score and RAS score as predictive models for coronavirus disease 2019Cureus20201211333047017721080
Al-AmerRNurses experience of caring for patients with COVID-19: A phenomenological studyFront. Psychiatry20221310.3389/fpsyt.2022.922410359354109346630
QiADirectional mutation and crossover boosted ant colony optimization with application to COVID-19 X-ray image segmentationComput. Biol. Med.20221481:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XhvFGqtb3L10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105810358680499278012
JangJGPrognostic accuracy of the SIRS, qSOFA, and news for early detection of clinical deterioration in SARS-CoV-2 infected patientsJ. Kor. Med. Sci.202035251:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVShtrfM10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e234
Castagna, F. et al. Hospital bed occupancy rate is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 inpatient mortality: A pandemic epicentre cohort study. 12(2), e058171 (2022).
Sánchez, J. Hospitales de Hidalgo comienzan a reportar saturación de camas por covid. 2021 [cited 2022 08/08/2022]; Available from: https://www.milenio.com/ciencia-y-salud/hidalgo-hospitales-comienzan-reportar-saturacion-camas-covid.
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References_xml – reference: WuZMcGooganJMCharacteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: Summary of a report of 72,314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control and preventionJAMA202032313123912421:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXnsFCqsrs%3D10.1001/jama.2020.264832091533
– reference: KimKMRapid prediction of in-hospital mortality among adults with COVID-19 diseasePLoS ONE202217744782921:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XitVKlu7%2FP10.1371/journal.pone.0269813359050729337639
– reference: SuHMultilevel threshold image segmentation for COVID-19 chest radiography: A framework using horizontal and vertical multiverse optimizationComput. Biol. Med.20221461:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XitVOmtbrE10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105618356904779113963
– reference: GuoJCURB-65 may serve as a useful prognostic marker in COVID-19 patients within Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort studyEpidemiol. Infect.20201481:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitFarurfI10.1017/S095026882000236832998791
– reference: Castro, H.M., Prieto, M.A., & Muñoz, A.M. Prevalence of burnout in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors. A cross-sectional study. Medicina (B Aires)82(4), 479–486 (2022).
– reference: Rahmah, L., et al. Oral antiviral treatments for COVID-19: opportunities and challenges. Pharmacol. Rep. 1–24 (2022).
– reference: ZhangLThe common risk factors for progression and mortality in COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysisArch. Virol.20211668207120871:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXotVCgtro%3D10.1007/s00705-021-05012-2337976218017903
– reference: IzcovichAPrognostic factors for severity and mortality in patients infected with COVID-19: A systematic reviewPLoS ONE202015111:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitlyqsL3J10.1371/journal.pone.0241955332018967671522
– reference: Sevilla-CastilloFBoth chloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir are ineffective for COVID-19 treatment and combined worsen the pathology: A single-center experience with severely ill patientsBiomed. Res. Int.20212021882131810.1155/2021/8821318337327447871110
– reference: TiryakiŞDabeşlimHAksuYChest computed tomographic findings of patients with COVID-19-related pneumoniaActa Radiol. Open20211022058460121989309336141617874355
– reference: Durán-MéndezATocilizumab reduces COVID-19 mortality and pathology in a dose and timing-dependent fashion: A multi-centric studySci. Rep.2021111197282021NatSR..1119728D10.1038/s41598-021-99291-z346112518492686
– reference: Parra-BracamonteGMLopez-VillalobosNParra-BracamonteFEClinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality of patients with COVID-19 in a large data set from MexicoAnn. Epidemiol.2020529398.e210.1016/j.annepidem.2020.08.005327987017426229
– reference: Eduardo Nieto-Ortega, D.A.M.-F., & Peón, A. N. Calculadora de riesgo de progresión a hospitalización por COVID-19, enfermedad crítica y muerte. Estudio retrospectivo observacional. Soc. Esp Bene 3, 1–15 (2022).
– reference: Molina, H., & Rodríguez, I. Al alza, saturación de hospitales por Covid-19. 2022 [cited 2022 08/08/2022]; Available from: https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/politica/Al-alza-saturacion-de-hospitales-por-Covid-19-20220117-0137.html.
– reference: JiDPrediction for progression risk in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: The CALL scoreClin. Infect. Dis.2020716139313991:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhvFygt73L10.1093/cid/ciaa41432271369
– reference: GrifoniEThe CALL score for predicting outcomes in patients with COVID-19Clin. Infect. Dis.20217211821831:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXjslaqsbw%3D32474605
– reference: SheikhSAl-MandhariACOVID-19: Questionable seasonalityJ. Coll. Phys. Surg. Pak.2022326827828
– reference: VelavanTPMeyerCGMild versus severe COVID-19: Laboratory markersInt. J. Infect. Dis.2020953043071:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXoslenu7k%3D10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.061323440117194601
– reference: XieJClinical characteristics, laboratory abnormalities and CT findings of COVID-19 patients and risk factors of severe disease: A systematic review and meta-analysisAnn. Palliat. Med.20211021928194910.21037/apm-20-186333548996
– reference: FuLClinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A systematic review and meta-analysisJ. Infect.20208066566651:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVantLzE10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.041322831557151416
– reference: Contreras-GrandeJChest computed tomography findings associated with severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19Rev. Peru Med. Exp. Salud Publica202138220621310.17843/rpmesp.2021.382.656234468566
– reference: JangJGPrognostic accuracy of the SIRS, qSOFA, and news for early detection of clinical deterioration in SARS-CoV-2 infected patientsJ. Kor. Med. Sci.202035251:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVShtrfM10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e234
– reference: MalikPBiomarkers and outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalisations: systematic review and meta-analysisBMJ Evid. Based Med.202126310710810.1136/bmjebm-2020-11153632934000
– reference: Bertoni, V.B., et al. Resilience, Safety and Health: Reflections About Covid-19’ Assistance. In Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021) (Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2021).
– reference: Al-AmerRNurses experience of caring for patients with COVID-19: A phenomenological studyFront. Psychiatry20221310.3389/fpsyt.2022.922410359354109346630
– reference: ChuaPEYEpidemiological and clinical characteristics of non-severe and severe pediatric and adult COVID-19 patients across different geographical regions in the early phase of pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studiesJ. Investig. Med.20216971287129610.1136/jim-2021-001858341350688485127
– reference: CapolongoSCOVID-19 and Healthcare Facilities: A Decalogue of Design Strategies for Resilient HospitalsActa Biomed.2020919s50601:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXis1OjtLfM327019178023092
– reference: MrukBChest computed tomography (CT) severity scales in COVID-19 disease: A validation studyMed. Sci. Monit.2021271:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhslKrs7fK10.12659/MSM.931283339478238108556
– reference: KermaliMThe role of biomarkers in diagnosis of COVID-19 - A systematic reviewLife Sci20202541:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVSjs7fK10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117788324758107219356
– reference: Sánchez, J. Hospitales de Hidalgo comienzan a reportar saturación de camas por covid. 2021 [cited 2022 08/08/2022]; Available from: https://www.milenio.com/ciencia-y-salud/hidalgo-hospitales-comienzan-reportar-saturacion-camas-covid.
– reference: Castagna, F. et al. Hospital bed occupancy rate is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 inpatient mortality: A pandemic epicentre cohort study. 12(2), e058171 (2022).
– reference: LitmanovichDEReview of chest radiograph findings of COVID-19 pneumonia and suggested reporting languageJ. Thorac. Imaging202035635436032520846
– reference: KhodeirMMEarly prediction keys for COVID-19 cases progression: A meta-analysisJ. Infect. Public Health202114556156910.1016/j.jiph.2021.03.001338488857934660
– reference: QiADirectional mutation and crossover boosted ant colony optimization with application to COVID-19 X-ray image segmentationComput. Biol. Med.20221481:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XhvFGqtb3L10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105810358680499278012
– reference: FocosiDMaggiFCasadevallAMucosal vaccines, sterilizing immunity, and the future of SARS-CoV-2 virulenceViruses2022142110.3390/v14020187
– reference: Organization, W.H. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. 2022 05/08/2022 [cited 2022 02/08/2022]; Available from: https://covid19.who.int/.
– reference: MeloAKGBiomarkers of cytokine storm as red flags for severe and fatal COVID-19 cases: A living systematic review and meta-analysisPLoS ONE20211661:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhsVyitrzK10.1371/journal.pone.0253894341858018241122
– reference: ParkSYNomogram: An analogue tool to deliver digital knowledgeJ. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.20181554179310.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.12.10729370910
– reference: BarbashIJKahnJMFostering hospital resilience—lessons from COVID-19JAMA202132686936941:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhvFChurfO10.1001/jama.2021.1248434323923
– reference: KamranSMCALL score and RAS score as predictive models for coronavirus disease 2019Cureus20201211333047017721080
– reference: ShiCPredictors of mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysisBMC Infect. Dis.20212116631:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhsFGhtbfF10.1186/s12879-021-06369-0342382328264491
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Snippet Prognostic scales may help to optimize the use of hospital resources, which may be of prime interest in the context of a fast spreading pandemics. Nonetheless,...
Abstract Prognostic scales may help to optimize the use of hospital resources, which may be of prime interest in the context of a fast spreading pandemics....
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SubjectTerms 692/308
692/499
692/700
Biomarkers
COVID-19
COVID-19 - diagnosis
Critical Care
Disease transmission
Hospitalization
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Intensive Care Units
Mathematical functions
Mortality
multidisciplinary
Pandemics
Probability
Retrospective Studies
SARS-CoV-2
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
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Title A novel scale based on biomarkers associated with COVID-19 severity can predict the need for hospitalization and intensive care, as well as enhanced probabilities for mortality
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