The Influence of Flower Head Order and Gibberellic Acid Treatment on the Hydroxycinnamic Acid and Luteolin Derivatives Content in Globe Artichoke Cultivars

Flower head orders and the use of GA3 (gibberellic acid) treatment could be two influencing factors determining the bioactive compound levels in artichoke, but little to no information is available about their effects. In this study, we have therefore evaluated the influence of these factors on the...

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Published inFoods Vol. 10; no. 8; p. 1813
Main Authors Giménez, María José, Giménez-Berenguer, Marina, García-Pastor, María Emma, Parra, Joaquín, Zapata, Pedro Javier, Castillo, Salvador
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 05.08.2021
MDPI
Subjects
acid treatment
Acids
Agricultural production
antioxidants
Artichokes
Bioactive compounds
coumaric acids
Crop diseases
Cultivars
Cynara cardunculus
Flavonoids
flower head weight
Flowers
Flowers & plants
Food science
Gibberellic acid
High-performance liquid chromatography
Hybrids
Hydroxycinnamic acid
Influence
Liquid chromatography
luteolin
open pollination
phenolic compounds
Seeds
Solvents
Vegetables
Germany
Spain
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2304-8158
2304-8158
DOI10.3390/foods10081813

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Abstract Flower head orders and the use of GA3 (gibberellic acid) treatment could be two influencing factors determining the bioactive compound levels in artichoke, but little to no information is available about their effects. In this study, we have therefore evaluated the influence of these factors on the hydroxycinnamic acid and luteolin derivative levels in three categories of artichoke: Seed-propagated open-pollinated cultivars; vegetatively propagated cultivars; and seed-propagated hybrids. The hydroxycinnamic acids and luteolin derivatives were quantified by RP-HPLC-DAD. The average flower head weight was the lowest in tertiary heads and GA3-treated artichokes, followed by secondary and main heads. Moreover, the hydroxycinnamic acid and luteolin derivatives levels were significantly higher in tertiary heads than in secondary or main heads. In addition, the GA3 treatment significantly reduced the hydroxycinnamic acid content and, in contrast, improved luteolin derivatives levels. These effects depended on the flower head order and cultivar. Knowledge of the effects of flower head order and GA3 treatment is therefore key in order to achieve the greatest health-benefits from artichoke consumption.
AbstractList Flower head orders and the use of GA3 (gibberellic acid) treatment could be two influencing factors determining the bioactive compound levels in artichoke, but little to no information is available about their effects. In this study, we have therefore evaluated the influence of these factors on the hydroxycinnamic acid and luteolin derivative levels in three categories of artichoke: Seed-propagated open-pollinated cultivars; vegetatively propagated cultivars; and seed-propagated hybrids. The hydroxycinnamic acids and luteolin derivatives were quantified by RP-HPLC-DAD. The average flower head weight was the lowest in tertiary heads and GA3-treated artichokes, followed by secondary and main heads. Moreover, the hydroxycinnamic acid and luteolin derivatives levels were significantly higher in tertiary heads than in secondary or main heads. In addition, the GA3 treatment significantly reduced the hydroxycinnamic acid content and, in contrast, improved luteolin derivatives levels. These effects depended on the flower head order and cultivar. Knowledge of the effects of flower head order and GA3 treatment is therefore key in order to achieve the greatest health-benefits from artichoke consumption.
Flower head orders and the use of GA3 (gibberellic acid) treatment could be two influencing factors determining the bioactive compound levels in artichoke, but little to no information is available about their effects. In this study, we have therefore evaluated the influence of these factors on the hydroxycinnamic acid and luteolin derivative levels in three categories of artichoke: Seed-propagated open-pollinated cultivars; vegetatively propagated cultivars; and seed-propagated hybrids. The hydroxycinnamic acids and luteolin derivatives were quantified by RP-HPLC-DAD. The average flower head weight was the lowest in tertiary heads and GA3-treated artichokes, followed by secondary and main heads. Moreover, the hydroxycinnamic acid and luteolin derivatives levels were significantly higher in tertiary heads than in secondary or main heads. In addition, the GA3 treatment significantly reduced the hydroxycinnamic acid content and, in contrast, improved luteolin derivatives levels. These effects depended on the flower head order and cultivar. Knowledge of the effects of flower head order and GA3 treatment is therefore key in order to achieve the greatest health-benefits from artichoke consumption.Flower head orders and the use of GA3 (gibberellic acid) treatment could be two influencing factors determining the bioactive compound levels in artichoke, but little to no information is available about their effects. In this study, we have therefore evaluated the influence of these factors on the hydroxycinnamic acid and luteolin derivative levels in three categories of artichoke: Seed-propagated open-pollinated cultivars; vegetatively propagated cultivars; and seed-propagated hybrids. The hydroxycinnamic acids and luteolin derivatives were quantified by RP-HPLC-DAD. The average flower head weight was the lowest in tertiary heads and GA3-treated artichokes, followed by secondary and main heads. Moreover, the hydroxycinnamic acid and luteolin derivatives levels were significantly higher in tertiary heads than in secondary or main heads. In addition, the GA3 treatment significantly reduced the hydroxycinnamic acid content and, in contrast, improved luteolin derivatives levels. These effects depended on the flower head order and cultivar. Knowledge of the effects of flower head order and GA3 treatment is therefore key in order to achieve the greatest health-benefits from artichoke consumption.
Flower head orders and the use of GA₃ (gibberellic acid) treatment could be two influencing factors determining the bioactive compound levels in artichoke, but little to no information is available about their effects. In this study, we have therefore evaluated the influence of these factors on the hydroxycinnamic acid and luteolin derivative levels in three categories of artichoke: Seed-propagated open-pollinated cultivars; vegetatively propagated cultivars; and seed-propagated hybrids. The hydroxycinnamic acids and luteolin derivatives were quantified by RP-HPLC-DAD. The average flower head weight was the lowest in tertiary heads and GA₃-treated artichokes, followed by secondary and main heads. Moreover, the hydroxycinnamic acid and luteolin derivatives levels were significantly higher in tertiary heads than in secondary or main heads. In addition, the GA₃ treatment significantly reduced the hydroxycinnamic acid content and, in contrast, improved luteolin derivatives levels. These effects depended on the flower head order and cultivar. Knowledge of the effects of flower head order and GA₃ treatment is therefore key in order to achieve the greatest health-benefits from artichoke consumption.
Author Zapata, Pedro Javier
Parra, Joaquín
Giménez, María José
Giménez-Berenguer, Marina
García-Pastor, María Emma
Castillo, Salvador
AuthorAffiliation 1 Department of Food Technology, EPSO, University Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain; maria.gimenezt@umh.es (M.J.G.); marina.gimenez02@goumh.umh.es (M.G.-B.); m.garciap@umh.es (M.E.G.-P.); pedrojzapata@umh.es (P.J.Z.)
2 Agricultural Experimental Station of Elche (EEA/STT), CV-855, Ctra. Dolores km. 1, 03290 Elche, Spain; parra_joa@gva.es
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Department of Food Technology, EPSO, University Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain; maria.gimenezt@umh.es (M.J.G.); marina.gimenez02@goumh.umh.es (M.G.-B.); m.garciap@umh.es (M.E.G.-P.); pedrojzapata@umh.es (P.J.Z.)
– name: 2 Agricultural Experimental Station of Elche (EEA/STT), CV-855, Ctra. Dolores km. 1, 03290 Elche, Spain; parra_joa@gva.es
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  orcidid: 0000-0002-8715-8278
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Snippet Flower head orders and the use of GA3 (gibberellic acid) treatment could be two influencing factors determining the bioactive compound levels in artichoke, but...
Flower head orders and the use of GA₃ (gibberellic acid) treatment could be two influencing factors determining the bioactive compound levels in artichoke, but...
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StartPage 1813
SubjectTerms acid treatment
Acids
Agricultural production
antioxidants
Artichokes
Bioactive compounds
coumaric acids
Crop diseases
Cultivars
Cynara cardunculus
Flavonoids
flower head weight
Flowers
Flowers & plants
Food science
Gibberellic acid
High-performance liquid chromatography
Hybrids
Hydroxycinnamic acid
Influence
Liquid chromatography
luteolin
open pollination
phenolic compounds
Seeds
Solvents
Vegetables
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Title The Influence of Flower Head Order and Gibberellic Acid Treatment on the Hydroxycinnamic Acid and Luteolin Derivatives Content in Globe Artichoke Cultivars
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