PKR: A Kinase to Remember

Aging is a major risk factor for many diseases including metabolic syndrome, cancer, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Identifying mechanistic common denominators underlying the impact of aging is essential for our fundamental understanding of age-related diseases and the possibility to propose n...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inFrontiers in molecular neuroscience Vol. 11; p. 480
Main Authors Gal-Ben-Ari, Shunit, Barrera, Iliana, Ehrlich, Marcelo, Rosenblum, Kobi
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 09.01.2019
Frontiers Media S.A
Subjects
Aging
Apoptosis
Cell cycle
Cell proliferation
eIF-2 kinase
Endoplasmic reticulum
Gene regulation
Information processing
Interferon
Kinases
learning and memory
metabolic stress
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolism
Neurodegeneration
Neuroscience
Neurosciences
Phosphorylation
PKR
Protein kinase R
Protein synthesis
Proteins
Risk factors
signal transduction
Therapeutic applications
Transcription
Tel Aviv Israel
Israel
Alzheimer’s disease
learning and memory
signal transduction
PKR
protein synthesis
cancer
metabolic stress
aging
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1662-5099
1662-5099
DOI10.3389/fnmol.2018.00480

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Abstract Aging is a major risk factor for many diseases including metabolic syndrome, cancer, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Identifying mechanistic common denominators underlying the impact of aging is essential for our fundamental understanding of age-related diseases and the possibility to propose new ways to fight them. One can define aging biochemically as prolonged metabolic stress, the innate cellular and molecular programs responding to it, and the new stable or unstable state of equilibrium between the two. A candidate to play a role in the process is protein kinase R (PKR), first identified as a cellular protector against viral infection and today known as a major regulator of central cellular processes including mRNA translation, transcriptional control, regulation of apoptosis, and cell proliferation. Prolonged imbalance in PKR activation is both affected by biochemical and metabolic parameters and affects them in turn to create a feedforward loop. Here, we portray the central role of PKR in transferring metabolic information and regulating cellular function with a focus on cancer, inflammation, and brain function. Later, we integrate information from open data sources and discuss current knowledge and gaps in the literature about the signaling cascades upstream and downstream of PKR in different cell types and function. Finally, we summarize current major points and biological means to manipulate PKR expression and/or activation and propose PKR as a therapeutic target to shift age/metabolic-dependent undesired steady states.
AbstractList Aging is a major risk factor for many diseases including metabolic syndrome, cancer, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Identifying mechanistic common denominators underlying the impact of aging is essential for our fundamental understanding of age-related diseases and the possibility to propose new ways to fight them. One can define aging biochemically as prolonged metabolic stress, the innate cellular and molecular programs responding to it, and the new stable or unstable state of equilibrium between the two. A candidate to play a role in the process is protein kinase R (PKR), first identified as a cellular protector against viral infection and today known as a major regulator of central cellular processes including mRNA translation, transcriptional control, regulation of apoptosis, and cell proliferation. Prolonged imbalance in PKR activation is both affected by biochemical and metabolic parameters and affects them in turn to create a feedforward loop. Here, we portray the central role of PKR in transferring metabolic information and regulating cellular function with a focus on cancer, inflammation, and brain function. Later, we integrate information from open data sources and discuss current knowledge and gaps in the literature about the signaling cascades upstream and downstream of PKR in different cell types and function. Finally, we summarize current major points and biological means to manipulate PKR expression and/or activation and propose PKR as a therapeutic target to shift age/metabolic-dependent undesired steady states.
Aging is a major risk factor for many diseases including metabolic syndrome, cancer, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Identifying mechanistic common denominators underlying the impact of aging is essential for our fundamental understanding of age-related diseases and the possibility to propose new ways to fight them. One can define aging biochemically as prolonged metabolic stress, the innate cellular and molecular programs responding to it, and the new stable or unstable state of equilibrium between the two. A candidate to play a role in the process is protein kinase R (PKR), first identified as a cellular protector against viral infection and today known as a major regulator of central cellular processes including mRNA translation, transcriptional control, regulation of apoptosis, and cell proliferation. Prolonged imbalance in PKR activation is both affected by biochemical and metabolic parameters and affects them in turn to create a feedforward loop. Here, we portray the central role of PKR in transferring metabolic information and regulating cellular function with a focus on cancer, inflammation, and brain function. Later, we integrate information from open data sources and discuss current knowledge and gaps in the literature about the signaling cascades upstream and downstream of PKR in different cell types and function. Finally, we summarize current major points and biological means to manipulate PKR expression and/or activation and propose PKR as a therapeutic target to shift age/metabolic-dependent undesired steady states.Aging is a major risk factor for many diseases including metabolic syndrome, cancer, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Identifying mechanistic common denominators underlying the impact of aging is essential for our fundamental understanding of age-related diseases and the possibility to propose new ways to fight them. One can define aging biochemically as prolonged metabolic stress, the innate cellular and molecular programs responding to it, and the new stable or unstable state of equilibrium between the two. A candidate to play a role in the process is protein kinase R (PKR), first identified as a cellular protector against viral infection and today known as a major regulator of central cellular processes including mRNA translation, transcriptional control, regulation of apoptosis, and cell proliferation. Prolonged imbalance in PKR activation is both affected by biochemical and metabolic parameters and affects them in turn to create a feedforward loop. Here, we portray the central role of PKR in transferring metabolic information and regulating cellular function with a focus on cancer, inflammation, and brain function. Later, we integrate information from open data sources and discuss current knowledge and gaps in the literature about the signaling cascades upstream and downstream of PKR in different cell types and function. Finally, we summarize current major points and biological means to manipulate PKR expression and/or activation and propose PKR as a therapeutic target to shift age/metabolic-dependent undesired steady states.
Author Rosenblum, Kobi
Gal-Ben-Ari, Shunit
Barrera, Iliana
Ehrlich, Marcelo
AuthorAffiliation 2 Laboratory of Intracellular Trafficking and Signaling, School of Molecular Cell Biology & Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
1 Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Learning and Memory, Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
3 Center for Gene Manipulation in the Brain, University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Center for Gene Manipulation in the Brain, University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
– name: 1 Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Learning and Memory, Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
– name: 2 Laboratory of Intracellular Trafficking and Signaling, School of Molecular Cell Biology & Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Shunit
  surname: Gal-Ben-Ari
  fullname: Gal-Ben-Ari, Shunit
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Iliana
  surname: Barrera
  fullname: Barrera, Iliana
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Marcelo
  surname: Ehrlich
  fullname: Ehrlich, Marcelo
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Kobi
  surname: Rosenblum
  fullname: Rosenblum, Kobi
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30686999$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords Alzheimer’s disease
learning and memory
signal transduction
PKR
protein synthesis
cancer
metabolic stress
aging
Language English
License This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
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Edited by: Christian Gonzalez-Billault, Universidad de Chile, Chile
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Snippet Aging is a major risk factor for many diseases including metabolic syndrome, cancer, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Identifying mechanistic common...
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SubjectTerms Aging
Apoptosis
Cell cycle
Cell proliferation
eIF-2 kinase
Endoplasmic reticulum
Gene regulation
Information processing
Interferon
Kinases
learning and memory
metabolic stress
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolism
Neurodegeneration
Neuroscience
Neurosciences
Phosphorylation
PKR
Protein kinase R
Protein synthesis
Proteins
Risk factors
signal transduction
Therapeutic applications
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Title PKR: A Kinase to Remember
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