Leishmania infantum , Dirofilaria spp. and other endoparasite infections in kennel dogs in central Italy

Prevalence and risk factors of Leishmania infantum , Dirofilaria spp. and other potentially zoonotic or canine-specific endoparasite infections were assessed in 639 kennel dogs from central Italy. To this end, individual blood and fecal samples were examined using parasitological, immunological and...

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Published inParasite (Paris) Vol. 25; p. 2
Main Authors Sauda, Federica, Malandrucco, Livia, Macrì, Gladia, Scarpulla, Manuela, De Liberato, Claudio, Terracciano, Giuliana, Fichi, Gianluca, Berrilli, Federica, Perrucci, Stefania
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published France EDP Sciences 2018
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1776-1042
1252-607X
1776-1042
DOI10.1051/parasite/2018001

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Abstract Prevalence and risk factors of Leishmania infantum , Dirofilaria spp. and other potentially zoonotic or canine-specific endoparasite infections were assessed in 639 kennel dogs from central Italy. To this end, individual blood and fecal samples were examined using parasitological, immunological and molecular techniques. The presence of compatible clinical pictures, as well as age and gender were considered as putative risks factors. To evaluate risk factors, multivariable analysis with logistic regression and univariable analysis with a Chi square test and a Fischer’s exact test were performed. Overall, 52.6% of dogs (95% CI 48.6-56.5) were found positive, while 39.6% of dogs (95% CI 35.8-43.5) were infected by potentially zoonotic species. Leishmania infantum and Dirofilaria repens showed prevalences of 2.5% (95% CI 1.5-4.1) and 2.8% (95% CI 1.7-4.5), respectively. The prevalence of cardiorespiratory parasites was 7.8% (95% CI 5.9-10.3) and included the species Angiostrongylus vasorum , Eucoleus aerophilus , Eucoleus boehmi and D. immitis ; the latter showed a prevalence of 0.2% (95% CI 0.001-1). Intestinal parasites were significantly prevalent (38.8%, 95% CI 35-42.7) and they consisted mainly of species of major zoonotic concern, including ancylostomatids, Toxocara canis , Giardia duodenalis , Dipylidium caninum , Taeniidae, Strongyloides stercoralis and Cryptosporidium parvum . Endoparasites were significantly prevalent in clinically suspected dogs. Leishmania infantum and cardiorespiratory nematodes were prevalent in older dogs, while intestinal parasites were prevalent in younger dogs. Results show high dog and public health risks in kennels in central Italy, and suggest the need for more effective control measures. La prévalence et les facteurs de risque de Leishmania infantum , Dirofilaria spp. et d’autres infections à endoparasites potentiellement zoonotiques ou spécifiques aux chiens ont été évalués chez 639 chiens de chenils du centre de l’Italie. À ces fins, des échantillons individuels de sang et de selles ont été examinés par des techniques parasitologiques, immunologiques et moléculaires. La présence d’images cliniques compatibles, l’âge et le sexe ont été considérés comme des facteurs de risque putatifs. Pour l’évaluation des facteurs de risque, une analyse multivariée avec une régression logistique et une analyse univariée avec un test de Chi carré et un test exact de Fischer ont été réalisées. Dans l’ensemble, 52,6% (IC à 95%: 48,6-56,5) des chiens ont été trouvés positifs, tandis que 39,6% des chiens (IC à 95%: 35,8-43,5) étaient infectés par des espèces potentiellement zoonotiques. Leishmania infantum et Dirofilaria repens ont montré respectivement des prévalences de 2,5% (IC 95% 1,5-4,1) et 2,8% (IC 95% 1,7-4,5). La prévalence de parasites cardiorespiratoires était de 7,8% (IC 95% 5,9-10,3) et comprenait les espèces Angiostrongylus vasorum , Eucoleus aerophilus , Eucoleus boehmi et Dirofilaria immitis  ; cette dernière avait une prévalence de 0,2% (IC 95% 0,001-1). Les parasites intestinaux étaient significativement prévalents (38,8%, IC 95% 35-42,7) et consistaient principalement en espèces zoonotiques majeures, dont les Ancylostomatidae, Toxocara canis , Giardia duodenalis , Dipylidium caninum , les Taeniidae, Strongyloides stercoralis et Cryptosporidium parvum . Les endoparasites étaient significativement prévalents chez les chiens cliniquement suspectés. Leishmania infantum et les nématodes cardiorespiratoires étaient répandus chez les chiens plus âgés, alors que les parasites intestinaux étaient répandus chez les chiens plus jeunes. Les résultats montrent des risques élevés pour les chiens et la santé publique dans les chenils du centre de l’Italie et suggèrent la nécessité de mesures de contrôle plus efficaces.
AbstractList Prevalence and risk factors of Leishmania infantum, Dirofilaria spp. and other potentially zoonotic or canine-specific endoparasite infections were assessed in 639 kennel dogs from central Italy. To this end, individual blood and fecal samples were examined using parasitological, immunological and molecular techniques. The presence of compatible clinical pictures, as well as age and gender were considered as putative risks factors. To evaluate risk factors, multivariable analysis with logistic regression and univariable analysis with a Chi square test and a Fischer’s exact test were performed. Overall, 52.6% of dogs (95% CI 48.6-56.5) were found positive, while 39.6% of dogs (95% CI 35.8-43.5) were infected by potentially zoonotic species. Leishmania infantum and Dirofilaria repens showed prevalences of 2.5% (95% CI 1.5-4.1) and 2.8% (95% CI 1.7-4.5), respectively. The prevalence of cardiorespiratory parasites was 7.8% (95% CI 5.9-10.3) and included the species Angiostrongylus vasorum, Eucoleus aerophilus, Eucoleus boehmi and D. immitis; the latter showed a prevalence of 0.2% (95% CI 0.001-1). Intestinal parasites were significantly prevalent (38.8%, 95% CI 35-42.7) and they consisted mainly of species of major zoonotic concern, including ancylostomatids, Toxocara canis, Giardia duodenalis, Dipylidium caninum, Taeniidae, Strongyloides stercoralis and Cryptosporidium parvum. Endoparasites were significantly prevalent in clinically suspected dogs. Leishmania infantum and cardiorespiratory nematodes were prevalent in older dogs, while intestinal parasites were prevalent in younger dogs. Results show high dog and public health risks in kennels in central Italy, and suggest the need for more effective control measures.
Prevalence and risk factors of Leishmania infantum , Dirofilaria spp. and other potentially zoonotic or canine-specific endoparasite infections were assessed in 639 kennel dogs from central Italy. To this end, individual blood and fecal samples were examined using parasitological, immunological and molecular techniques. The presence of compatible clinical pictures, as well as age and gender were considered as putative risks factors. To evaluate risk factors, multivariable analysis with logistic regression and univariable analysis with a Chi square test and a Fischer’s exact test were performed. Overall, 52.6% of dogs (95% CI 48.6-56.5) were found positive, while 39.6% of dogs (95% CI 35.8-43.5) were infected by potentially zoonotic species. Leishmania infantum and Dirofilaria repens showed prevalences of 2.5% (95% CI 1.5-4.1) and 2.8% (95% CI 1.7-4.5), respectively. The prevalence of cardiorespiratory parasites was 7.8% (95% CI 5.9-10.3) and included the species Angiostrongylus vasorum , Eucoleus aerophilus , Eucoleus boehmi and D. immitis ; the latter showed a prevalence of 0.2% (95% CI 0.001-1). Intestinal parasites were significantly prevalent (38.8%, 95% CI 35-42.7) and they consisted mainly of species of major zoonotic concern, including ancylostomatids, Toxocara canis , Giardia duodenalis , Dipylidium caninum , Taeniidae, Strongyloides stercoralis and Cryptosporidium parvum . Endoparasites were significantly prevalent in clinically suspected dogs. Leishmania infantum and cardiorespiratory nematodes were prevalent in older dogs, while intestinal parasites were prevalent in younger dogs. Results show high dog and public health risks in kennels in central Italy, and suggest the need for more effective control measures. La prévalence et les facteurs de risque de Leishmania infantum , Dirofilaria spp. et d’autres infections à endoparasites potentiellement zoonotiques ou spécifiques aux chiens ont été évalués chez 639 chiens de chenils du centre de l’Italie. À ces fins, des échantillons individuels de sang et de selles ont été examinés par des techniques parasitologiques, immunologiques et moléculaires. La présence d’images cliniques compatibles, l’âge et le sexe ont été considérés comme des facteurs de risque putatifs. Pour l’évaluation des facteurs de risque, une analyse multivariée avec une régression logistique et une analyse univariée avec un test de Chi carré et un test exact de Fischer ont été réalisées. Dans l’ensemble, 52,6% (IC à 95%: 48,6-56,5) des chiens ont été trouvés positifs, tandis que 39,6% des chiens (IC à 95%: 35,8-43,5) étaient infectés par des espèces potentiellement zoonotiques. Leishmania infantum et Dirofilaria repens ont montré respectivement des prévalences de 2,5% (IC 95% 1,5-4,1) et 2,8% (IC 95% 1,7-4,5). La prévalence de parasites cardiorespiratoires était de 7,8% (IC 95% 5,9-10,3) et comprenait les espèces Angiostrongylus vasorum , Eucoleus aerophilus , Eucoleus boehmi et Dirofilaria immitis  ; cette dernière avait une prévalence de 0,2% (IC 95% 0,001-1). Les parasites intestinaux étaient significativement prévalents (38,8%, IC 95% 35-42,7) et consistaient principalement en espèces zoonotiques majeures, dont les Ancylostomatidae, Toxocara canis , Giardia duodenalis , Dipylidium caninum , les Taeniidae, Strongyloides stercoralis et Cryptosporidium parvum . Les endoparasites étaient significativement prévalents chez les chiens cliniquement suspectés. Leishmania infantum et les nématodes cardiorespiratoires étaient répandus chez les chiens plus âgés, alors que les parasites intestinaux étaient répandus chez les chiens plus jeunes. Les résultats montrent des risques élevés pour les chiens et la santé publique dans les chenils du centre de l’Italie et suggèrent la nécessité de mesures de contrôle plus efficaces.
Prevalence and risk factors of Leishmania infantum, Dirofilaria spp. and other potentially zoonotic or canine-specific endoparasite infections were assessed in 639 kennel dogs from central Italy. To this end, individual blood and fecal samples were examined using parasitological, immunological and molecular techniques. The presence of compatible clinical pictures, as well as age and gender were considered as putative risks factors. To evaluate risk factors, multivariable analysis with logistic regression and univariable analysis with a Chi square test and a Fischer's exact test were performed. Overall, 52.6% of dogs (95% CI 48.6-56.5) were found positive, while 39.6% of dogs (95% CI 35.8-43.5) were infected by potentially zoonotic species. Leishmania infantum and Dirofilaria repens showed prevalences of 2.5% (95% CI 1.5-4.1) and 2.8% (95% CI 1.7-4.5), respectively. The prevalence of cardiorespiratory parasites was 7.8% (95% CI 5.9-10.3) and included the species Angiostrongylus vasorum, Eucoleus aerophilus, Eucoleus boehmi and D. immitis; the latter showed a prevalence of 0.2% (95% CI 0.001-1). Intestinal parasites were significantly prevalent (38.8%, 95% CI 35-42.7) and they consisted mainly of species of major zoonotic concern, including ancylostomatids, Toxocara canis, Giardia duodenalis, Dipylidium caninum, Taeniidae, Strongyloides stercoralis and Cryptosporidium parvum. Endoparasites were significantly prevalent in clinically suspected dogs. Leishmania infantum and cardiorespiratory nematodes were prevalent in older dogs, while intestinal parasites were prevalent in younger dogs. Results show high dog and public health risks in kennels in central Italy, and suggest the need for more effective control measures.Prevalence and risk factors of Leishmania infantum, Dirofilaria spp. and other potentially zoonotic or canine-specific endoparasite infections were assessed in 639 kennel dogs from central Italy. To this end, individual blood and fecal samples were examined using parasitological, immunological and molecular techniques. The presence of compatible clinical pictures, as well as age and gender were considered as putative risks factors. To evaluate risk factors, multivariable analysis with logistic regression and univariable analysis with a Chi square test and a Fischer's exact test were performed. Overall, 52.6% of dogs (95% CI 48.6-56.5) were found positive, while 39.6% of dogs (95% CI 35.8-43.5) were infected by potentially zoonotic species. Leishmania infantum and Dirofilaria repens showed prevalences of 2.5% (95% CI 1.5-4.1) and 2.8% (95% CI 1.7-4.5), respectively. The prevalence of cardiorespiratory parasites was 7.8% (95% CI 5.9-10.3) and included the species Angiostrongylus vasorum, Eucoleus aerophilus, Eucoleus boehmi and D. immitis; the latter showed a prevalence of 0.2% (95% CI 0.001-1). Intestinal parasites were significantly prevalent (38.8%, 95% CI 35-42.7) and they consisted mainly of species of major zoonotic concern, including ancylostomatids, Toxocara canis, Giardia duodenalis, Dipylidium caninum, Taeniidae, Strongyloides stercoralis and Cryptosporidium parvum. Endoparasites were significantly prevalent in clinically suspected dogs. Leishmania infantum and cardiorespiratory nematodes were prevalent in older dogs, while intestinal parasites were prevalent in younger dogs. Results show high dog and public health risks in kennels in central Italy, and suggest the need for more effective control measures.
Prevalence and risk factors of Leishmania infantum, Dirofilaria spp. and other potentially zoonotic or canine-specific endoparasite infections were assessed in 639 kennel dogs from central Italy. To this end, individual blood and fecal samples were examined using parasitological, immunological and molecular techniques. The presence of compatible clinical pictures, as well as age and gender were considered as putative risks factors. To evaluate risk factors, multivariable analysis with logistic regression and univariable analysis with a Chi square test and a Fischer’s exact test were performed. Overall, 52.6% of dogs (95% CI 48.6-56.5) were found positive, while 39.6% of dogs (95% CI 35.8-43.5) were infected by potentially zoonotic species. Leishmania infantum and Dirofilaria repens showed prevalences of 2.5% (95% CI 1.5-4.1) and 2.8% (95% CI 1.7-4.5), respectively. The prevalence of cardiorespiratory parasites was 7.8% (95% CI 5.9-10.3) and included the species Angiostrongylus vasorum, Eucoleus aerophilus, Eucoleus boehmi and D. immitis; the latter showed a prevalence of 0.2% (95% CI 0.001-1). Intestinal parasites were significantly prevalent (38.8%, 95% CI 35-42.7) and they consisted mainly of species of major zoonotic concern, including ancylostomatids, Toxocara canis, Giardia duodenalis, Dipylidium caninum, Taeniidae, Strongyloides stercoralis and Cryptosporidium parvum. Endoparasites were significantly prevalent in clinically suspected dogs. Leishmania infantum and cardiorespiratory nematodes were prevalent in older dogs, while intestinal parasites were prevalent in younger dogs. Results show high dog and public health risks in kennels in central Italy, and suggest the need for more effective control measures.
Author Perrucci, Stefania
Sauda, Federica
Terracciano, Giuliana
Malandrucco, Livia
Scarpulla, Manuela
De Liberato, Claudio
Macrì, Gladia
Berrilli, Federica
Fichi, Gianluca
AuthorAffiliation c Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana M. Aleandri (IZSLT), Rome and Pisa Italy
b Ospedale Veterinario ASL Roma D, Via della Magliana 856, Rome Italy
a Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie-Università di Pisa, Pisa Italy
d Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome Italy
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: d Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome Italy
– name: a Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie-Università di Pisa, Pisa Italy
– name: c Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana M. Aleandri (IZSLT), Rome and Pisa Italy
– name: b Ospedale Veterinario ASL Roma D, Via della Magliana 856, Rome Italy
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  givenname: Federica
  surname: Sauda
  fullname: Sauda, Federica
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Livia
  surname: Malandrucco
  fullname: Malandrucco, Livia
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Gladia
  surname: Macrì
  fullname: Macrì, Gladia
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Manuela
  surname: Scarpulla
  fullname: Scarpulla, Manuela
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Claudio
  surname: De Liberato
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  surname: Terracciano
  fullname: Terracciano, Giuliana
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Gianluca
  surname: Fichi
  fullname: Fichi, Gianluca
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Federica
  surname: Berrilli
  fullname: Berrilli, Federica
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  givenname: Stefania
  surname: Perrucci
  fullname: Perrucci, Stefania
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29388550$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Prevalence and risk factors of Leishmania infantum , Dirofilaria spp. and other potentially zoonotic or canine-specific endoparasite infections were assessed...
Prevalence and risk factors of Leishmania infantum, Dirofilaria spp. and other potentially zoonotic or canine-specific endoparasite infections were assessed in...
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SubjectTerms Angiostrongylus vasorum
Animals
Antibodies, Protozoan - blood
Antigens, Helminth - blood
Chi-square test
Cryptosporidium
Cryptosporidium parvum
Dipylidium caninum
Dirofilaria - classification
Dirofilaria - immunology
Dirofilaria - isolation & purification
Dirofilaria repens
Dirofilariasis - epidemiology
Dirofilariasis - parasitology
Dirofilariasis - prevention & control
Dog Diseases - epidemiology
Dog Diseases - parasitology
Dog Diseases - prevention & control
Dogs
Endoparasite infections
Endoparasites
Eucoleus aerophilus
Feces - parasitology
Female
Fins
Giardia
Giardia duodenalis
Health risks
Immunology
Infections
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic - epidemiology
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic - parasitology
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic - prevention & control
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic - veterinary
Intestinal parasites
Intestine
Italy - epidemiology
Kennel dogs
Leishmania infantum
Leishmania infantum - classification
Leishmania infantum - immunology
Leishmania infantum - isolation & purification
Leishmaniasis, Visceral - epidemiology
Leishmaniasis, Visceral - parasitology
Leishmaniasis, Visceral - prevention & control
Leishmaniasis, Visceral - veterinary
Male
Microfilariae - classification
Microfilariae - isolation & purification
Nematodes
Parasites
Parasitic diseases
Pictures
Prevalence
Protozoa
Public health
Regression Analysis
Risk analysis
Risk Factors
Species
Strongyloides stercoralis
Taeniidae
Toxocara canis
Zoonoses
Zoonoses - epidemiology
Zoonoses - parasitology
Zoonoses - prevention & control
Zoonosis
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Title Leishmania infantum , Dirofilaria spp. and other endoparasite infections in kennel dogs in central Italy
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