Acute effect of nut consumption on plasma total polyphenols, antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation

Nuts have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health due to the healthy fat content; however, the effect of antioxidants (i.e. polyphenols) in nuts have not been fully investigated. The present study aimed to assess the immediate effect of a polyphenol-rich meal (75% of energy from nuts:...

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Published inJournal of human nutrition and dietetics Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 64 - 71
Main Authors Torabian, S, Haddad, E, Rajaram, S, Banta, J, Sabaté, J
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford, UK Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.02.2009
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Blackwell
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0952-3871
1365-277X
1365-277X
DOI10.1111/j.1365-277X.2008.00923.x

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Abstract Nuts have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health due to the healthy fat content; however, the effect of antioxidants (i.e. polyphenols) in nuts have not been fully investigated. The present study aimed to assess the immediate effect of a polyphenol-rich meal (75% of energy from nuts: walnuts or almonds) and a polyphenol-free meal on plasma polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in healthy volunteers. Thirteen subjects participated in a randomized, crossover, intervention study. After an overnight fast, walnuts, almonds or a control meal in the form of smoothies were consumed by study subjects. Each subject participated on three occasions, 1 week apart, consuming one of the smoothies each time. Blood samples were obtained at fasting and then at intervals up to 3.5 h after consumption of the smoothies. There was a significant increase in plasma polyphenol concentration following both nut meals, with peak concentrations being achieved at 90 min, and with a walnut meal having a more sustained higher concentration than an almond meal. The plasma total antioxidant capacity reached its highest point at 150 min postconsumption of the nut meals, and was higher after the almond compared to walnut meal. A gradual significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the susceptibility of plasma to lipid peroxidation was observed 90 min after ingestion of the nut meals. No changes were observed following consumption of control meal. Consumption of both nuts increased plasma polyphenol concentrations, increased the total antioxidant capacity and reduced plasma lipid peroxidation.
AbstractList Nuts have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health due to the healthy fat content; however, the effect of antioxidants (i.e. polyphenols) in nuts have not been fully investigated. The present study aimed to assess the immediate effect of a polyphenol-rich meal (75% of energy from nuts: walnuts or almonds) and a polyphenol-free meal on plasma polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in healthy volunteers.BACKGROUNDNuts have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health due to the healthy fat content; however, the effect of antioxidants (i.e. polyphenols) in nuts have not been fully investigated. The present study aimed to assess the immediate effect of a polyphenol-rich meal (75% of energy from nuts: walnuts or almonds) and a polyphenol-free meal on plasma polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in healthy volunteers.Thirteen subjects participated in a randomized, crossover, intervention study. After an overnight fast, walnuts, almonds or a control meal in the form of smoothies were consumed by study subjects. Each subject participated on three occasions, 1 week apart, consuming one of the smoothies each time. Blood samples were obtained at fasting and then at intervals up to 3.5 h after consumption of the smoothies.METHODSThirteen subjects participated in a randomized, crossover, intervention study. After an overnight fast, walnuts, almonds or a control meal in the form of smoothies were consumed by study subjects. Each subject participated on three occasions, 1 week apart, consuming one of the smoothies each time. Blood samples were obtained at fasting and then at intervals up to 3.5 h after consumption of the smoothies.There was a significant increase in plasma polyphenol concentration following both nut meals, with peak concentrations being achieved at 90 min, and with a walnut meal having a more sustained higher concentration than an almond meal. The plasma total antioxidant capacity reached its highest point at 150 min postconsumption of the nut meals, and was higher after the almond compared to walnut meal. A gradual significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the susceptibility of plasma to lipid peroxidation was observed 90 min after ingestion of the nut meals. No changes were observed following consumption of control meal.RESULTSThere was a significant increase in plasma polyphenol concentration following both nut meals, with peak concentrations being achieved at 90 min, and with a walnut meal having a more sustained higher concentration than an almond meal. The plasma total antioxidant capacity reached its highest point at 150 min postconsumption of the nut meals, and was higher after the almond compared to walnut meal. A gradual significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the susceptibility of plasma to lipid peroxidation was observed 90 min after ingestion of the nut meals. No changes were observed following consumption of control meal.Consumption of both nuts increased plasma polyphenol concentrations, increased the total antioxidant capacity and reduced plasma lipid peroxidation.CONCLUSIONSConsumption of both nuts increased plasma polyphenol concentrations, increased the total antioxidant capacity and reduced plasma lipid peroxidation.
Background:  Nuts have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health due to the healthy fat content; however, the effect of antioxidants (i.e. polyphenols) in nuts have not been fully investigated. The present study aimed to assess the immediate effect of a polyphenol‐rich meal (75% of energy from nuts: walnuts or almonds) and a polyphenol‐free meal on plasma polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in healthy volunteers. Methods:  Thirteen subjects participated in a randomized, crossover, intervention study. After an overnight fast, walnuts, almonds or a control meal in the form of smoothies were consumed by study subjects. Each subject participated on three occasions, 1 week apart, consuming one of the smoothies each time. Blood samples were obtained at fasting and then at intervals up to 3.5 h after consumption of the smoothies. Results:  There was a significant increase in plasma polyphenol concentration following both nut meals, with peak concentrations being achieved at 90 min, and with a walnut meal having a more sustained higher concentration than an almond meal. The plasma total antioxidant capacity reached its highest point at 150 min postconsumption of the nut meals, and was higher after the almond compared to walnut meal. A gradual significant ( P  < 0.05) reduction in the susceptibility of plasma to lipid peroxidation was observed 90 min after ingestion of the nut meals. No changes were observed following consumption of control meal. Conclusions:  Consumption of both nuts increased plasma polyphenol concentrations, increased the total antioxidant capacity and reduced plasma lipid peroxidation.
Nuts have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health due to the healthy fat content; however, the effect of antioxidants (i.e. polyphenols) in nuts have not been fully investigated. The present study aimed to assess the immediate effect of a polyphenol-rich meal (75% of energy from nuts: walnuts or almonds) and a polyphenol-free meal on plasma polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in healthy volunteers. Thirteen subjects participated in a randomized, crossover, intervention study. After an overnight fast, walnuts, almonds or a control meal in the form of smoothies were consumed by study subjects. Each subject participated on three occasions, 1 week apart, consuming one of the smoothies each time. Blood samples were obtained at fasting and then at intervals up to 3.5 h after consumption of the smoothies. There was a significant increase in plasma polyphenol concentration following both nut meals, with peak concentrations being achieved at 90 min, and with a walnut meal having a more sustained higher concentration than an almond meal. The plasma total antioxidant capacity reached its highest point at 150 min postconsumption of the nut meals, and was higher after the almond compared to walnut meal. A gradual significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the susceptibility of plasma to lipid peroxidation was observed 90 min after ingestion of the nut meals. No changes were observed following consumption of control meal. Consumption of both nuts increased plasma polyphenol concentrations, increased the total antioxidant capacity and reduced plasma lipid peroxidation.
Background:  Nuts have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health due to the healthy fat content; however, the effect of antioxidants (i.e. polyphenols) in nuts have not been fully investigated. The present study aimed to assess the immediate effect of a polyphenol‐rich meal (75% of energy from nuts: walnuts or almonds) and a polyphenol‐free meal on plasma polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in healthy volunteers. Methods:  Thirteen subjects participated in a randomized, crossover, intervention study. After an overnight fast, walnuts, almonds or a control meal in the form of smoothies were consumed by study subjects. Each subject participated on three occasions, 1 week apart, consuming one of the smoothies each time. Blood samples were obtained at fasting and then at intervals up to 3.5 h after consumption of the smoothies. Results:  There was a significant increase in plasma polyphenol concentration following both nut meals, with peak concentrations being achieved at 90 min, and with a walnut meal having a more sustained higher concentration than an almond meal. The plasma total antioxidant capacity reached its highest point at 150 min postconsumption of the nut meals, and was higher after the almond compared to walnut meal. A gradual significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the susceptibility of plasma to lipid peroxidation was observed 90 min after ingestion of the nut meals. No changes were observed following consumption of control meal. Conclusions:  Consumption of both nuts increased plasma polyphenol concentrations, increased the total antioxidant capacity and reduced plasma lipid peroxidation.
Nuts have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health due to the healthy fat content; however, the effect of antioxidants (i.e. polyphenols) in nuts have not been fully investigated. The present study aimed to assess the immediate effect of a polyphenol-rich meal (75% of energy from nuts: walnuts or almonds) and a polyphenol-free meal on plasma polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in healthy volunteers. Thirteen subjects participated in a randomized, crossover, intervention study. After an overnight fast, walnuts, almonds or a control meal in the form of smoothies were consumed by study subjects. Each subject participated on three occasions, 1 week apart, consuming one of the smoothies each time. Blood samples were obtained at fasting and then at intervals up to 3.5 h after consumption of the smoothies. There was a significant increase in plasma polyphenol concentration following both nut meals, with peak concentrations being achieved at 90 min, and with a walnut meal having a more sustained higher concentration than an almond meal. The plasma total antioxidant capacity reached its highest point at 150 min postconsumption of the nut meals, and was higher after the almond compared to walnut meal. A gradual significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the susceptibility of plasma to lipid peroxidation was observed 90 min after ingestion of the nut meals. No changes were observed following consumption of control meal. Consumption of both nuts increased plasma polyphenol concentrations, increased the total antioxidant capacity and reduced plasma lipid peroxidation.
Author Rajaram, S.
Banta, J.
Torabian, S.
Sabaté, J.
Haddad, E.
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Issue 1
Keywords Human
polyphenols
Nuts
Acute
Lipids
almonds
Antioxidant
lipid peroxidation
Blood plasma
Polyphenol
Almond
Walnut
Food intake
antioxidant capacity
walnuts
Peroxidation
Language English
License CC BY 4.0
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PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate February 2009
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2009-02-01
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  year: 2009
  text: February 2009
PublicationDecade 2000
PublicationPlace Oxford, UK
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Oxford, UK
– name: Oxford
– name: England
PublicationTitle Journal of human nutrition and dietetics
PublicationTitleAlternate J Hum Nutr Diet
PublicationYear 2009
Publisher Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Blackwell
Publisher_xml – name: Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
– name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
– name: Blackwell
References Seeram, N.P., Henning, S.M., Niu, Y., Lee, R., Scheuller, H.S. & Heber, D. (2006) Catechin and caffeine content of green tea dietary supplements and correlation with antioxidant capacity. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 54, 1599-1603.
Langley-Evans, S.C. (2000) Consumption of black tea elicits an increase in plasma antioxidant potential in humans. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 51, 309-315.
Kushi, L.H., Folsom, A.R., Prineas, R.J., Mink, P.J., Wu, Y. & Bostick, R.M. (1996) Dietary antioxidant vitamins and death from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. N. Engl. J. Med. 334, 1156-1162.
Serafini, M., Ghiselli, A. & Ferro-Luzzi, A. (1996) In vivo antioxidant effect of green and black tea in man. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 50, 28-32.
Yoshida, H., Ishikawa, T., Hosoai, H., Suzukawa, M., Ayaori, M., Hisada, T., Sawada, S., Yonemura, A., Higashi, K., Ito, T., Nakajima, K., Yamashita, T., Tomiyasu, K., Nishiwaki, M., Ohsuzu, F. & Nakamura, H. (1999) Inhibitory effect of tea flavonoids on the ability of cells to oxidize low density lipoprotein. Biochem. Pharmacol. 58, 1695-1703.
Henning, S.M., Niu, Y., Liu, Y., Lee, N.H., Hara, Y., Thames, G.D., Minutti, R.R., Carpenter, C.L., Wang, H. & Heber, D. (2005) Bioavailability and antioxidant effect of epigallocatechin gallate administered in purified form versus as green tea extract in healthy individuals. J. Nutr. Biochem. 16, 610-616.
Nigdikar, S.V., Williams, N.R., Griffin, B.A. & Howard, A.N. (1998) Consumption of red wine polyphenols reduces the susceptibility of low-density lipoproteins to oxidation in vivo. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 68, 258-265.
Rein, D., Lotito, S., Holt, R.R., Keen, C.L., Schmitz, H.H. & Fraga, C.G. (2000) Epicatechin in human plasma: in vivo determination and effect of chocolate consumption on plasma oxidation status. J. Nutr. 130(Suppl. 8S), 2109S-2114S.
Anderson, K.J., Teuber, S.S., Gobeille, A., Cremin, P., Waterhouse, A.L. & Steinberg, F.M. (2001) Walnut polyphenolics inhibit in vitro human plasma and LDL oxidation. J. Nutr. 131, 2837-2842.
Feldman, E.B. (2002) The scientific evidence for a beneficial health relationship between walnuts and coronary heart disease. J. Nutr. 132, 1062S-1101S.
ERS/USDA Briefing Room, (2004) Fruit and Tree Nuts. Available at http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/FruitandTreeNuts/Background.htm (accessed on 17 December 2008).
Fuhrman, B., Volkova, N., Coleman, R. & Aviram, M. (2005) Grape powder polyphenols attenuate atherosclerosis development in apolipoprotein E deficient (E0) mice and reduce macrophage atherogenicity. J. Nutr. 135, 722-728.
O'Byrne, D.J., Devaraj, S., Grundy, S.M. & Jialal, I. (2002) Comparison of the antioxidant effects of Concord grape juice flavonoids alpha-tocopherol on markers of oxidative stress in healthy adults. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 76, 1367-1374.
Senn, S. (1993) Cross-Over Trials in Clinical Research. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 218.
Torel, J., Cillard, J. & Cillard, P. (1986) Antioxidant activity of flavonoids and reactivity with peroxyl radical. Phytochemistry 25, 383-387.
Maguire, L.S., O'Sullivan, S.M., Galvin, K., O'Connor, T.P. & O'Brien, N.M. (2004) Fatty acid profile, tocopherol, squalene and phytosterol content of walnuts, almonds, peanuts, hazelnuts and the macadamia nut. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 55, 171-178.
Jambazian, P.R., Haddad, E., Rajaram, S., Tanzman, J. & Sabate, J. (2005) Almonds in the diet simultaneously improve plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations and reduce plasma lipids. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 105, 449-454.
SAS (1999) SAS software, Version 8 of the SAS System for windows 1999. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
Fraser, G.E., Sabaté, J., Beeson, W.L. & Strahan, T.M. (1992) A possible protective effect of nut consumption on risk of coronary artery disease: the Adventist Health Study. Arch. Intern. Med. 152, 1416-1424.
Sabate, J. (1999) Nut consumption, vegetarian diets, ischemic heart disease risk, and all-cause mortality: evidence from epidemiologic studies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70(Suppl. 3), 500S-503S.
Levine, G.N., Keaney, J.F. Jr & Vita, J.A. (1995) Cholesterol reduction in cardiovascular disease. Clinical benefits and possible mechanisms. N. Engl. J. Med. 332, 512-521.
Pearson, D.A., Tan, C.H., German, J.B., Davis, P.A. & Gershwin, M.E. (1999) Apple juice inhibits human low density lipoprotein oxidation. Life Sci. 64, 1913-1920.
Serafini, M., Bugianesi, R., Maiani, G., Valtuena, S., De Santis, S. & Crozier, A. (2003) Plasma antioxidants from chocolate. Nature 424, 1013.
Sabaté, J. & Fraser, G.E. (1994) Nuts: a new protective food against coronary heart disease. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 5, 11-16.
Spiller, G.A., Miller, A., Olivera, K., Reynolds, J., Miller, B., Morse, S.J., Dewell, A. & Farquhar, J.W. (2003) Effects of plant-based diets high in raw or roasted almonds, or roasted almond butter on serum lipoproteins in humans. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 22, 195-200.
Teissedre, P.I., Frankel, E.N., Waterhouse, A.L., Peleg, H. & German, J.B. (1996) Inhibition in vitro human LDL oxidation by phenolic antioxidants from grapes and wines. J. Sci. Food Agric. 70, 55-61.
Hu, F.B., Stampfer, M.J., Manson, J.E., Rimm, E.B., Colditz, G.A. & Rosner, B.A. (1998) Frequent nut consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in women: prospective cohort study. Br. Med. J. 317, 1341-1345.
Waterhouse, A.L., Shirley, J.R. & Donovan, J.L. (1996) Antioxidants in chocolate. Lancet 348, 834.
Whitehead, T.P., Robinson, D., Allaway, S., Syms, J. & Hale, A. (1995) Effect of red wine ingestion on the antioxidant capacity of serum. Clin. Chem. 41, 32-35.
Cao, G. & Prior, R.L. (1999) Measurement of oxygen radical absorbance capacity in biological samples. Methods Enzymol. 299, 50-62.
Frankel, E.N., Waterhouse, A.L. & Teissedre, P.L. (1995) Principal phenolic phytochemicals in selected California wines and their antioxidant activity in inhibiting oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43, 890-894.
Serafini, M., Maiani, G. & Ferro-Luzzi, A. (1998) Alcohol-free red wine enhances plasma antioxidant capacity in humans. J. Nutr. 128, 1003-1007.
Jenkins, D.J.A., Kendall, C.W.C., Marchie, A., Parker, T.L., Connelly, P.W., Qian, W., Haight, J.S., Faulkner, D., Vidgen, E., Lapsley, K.G. & Spiller, G.A. (2002) Dose response of almonds on coronary heart disease risk factors: blood lipids, oxidized low-density lipoproteins, lipoprotein(a), homocysteine, and pulmonary nitric oxide. Circulation 106, 1327.
Wu, X., Beecher, G.R., Holden, J.M., Haytowitz, D.B., Gebhardt, S.E. & Prior, R.L. (2004) Lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacities of common foods in the United States. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 52, 4026-4037.
Diaz, M.N., Frei, B., Vita, J.A. & Keaney, J.F. Jr (1997) Antioxidants and atherosclerotic heart disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 337, 408-416.
Jenab, M., Sabate, J., Slimani, N., Ferrari, P., Mazuir, M., Casagrande, C., Deharveng, G., Tjonneland, A., Olsen, A., Overvad, K., Boutron-Ruault, M., Clavel-Chapelon, F., Boeing, H., Weikert, C., Linseisen, J., Rohrmann, S., Trichopoulou, A., Naska, A., Palli, D., Sacerdote, C., Tumino, R., Mattiello, A., Pala, V., Bueno-de-Mesquita, B., Ocke, M.C., Peeters, P.H., Engeset, D., Skeie, G., Jakszyn, P., Ardanaz, E., Ramon Quiros, J., Chirlaque, M.D., Martinez, C., Amiano, P., Berglund, G., Palmqvist, R., Guelpen, B., Bingham, S., Key, T. & Riboli, E. (2006) Consumption and portion sizes of tree nuts, peanuts and seeds in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohorts from 10 European countries. Br. J. Nutr. 96(Suppl. 2), S12-S23.
Duthie, G.G., Pedersen, M.W., Gardner, P.T., Morrice, P.C., Jenkinson, A.M., McPhail, D.B. & Steele, G.M. (1998) The effect of whisky and wine consumption on total phenol content and antioxidant capacity of plasma from healthy volunteers. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 52, 733-736.
Covas, M.I., Miro-Casas, E., Fito, M., Farre-Albadalejo, M., Gimeno, E., Marrugat, J. & De La Torre, R. (2003) Bioavailability of tyrosol, an antioxidant phenolic compound present in wine and olive oil, in humans. Drugs Exp. Clin. Res. 29, 203-206.
Henning, S.M., Niu, Y., Lee, N.H., Thames, G.D., Minutti, R.R., Wang, H., Go, V.L. & Heber, D. (2004) Bioavailability and antioxidant activity of tea flavanols after consumption of green tea, black tea, or a green tea extract supplement. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 80, 1558-1564.
Strahan, T.M. (2004) Nuts for cardiovascular protection. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 13(Suppl.), S33.
Wang, J.F., Schramm, D.D., Holt, R.R., Ensunsa, J.L., Fraga, C.G., Schmitz, H.H. & Keen, C.L. (2000a) A dose-response effect from chocolate consumption on plasma epicatechin and oxidative damage. J. Nutr. 130(Suppl. 8S), 2115S-2119S.
Prior, R.L., Hoang, H., Gu, L., Wu, X., Bacchiocca, M., Howard, L., Hampsch-Woodill, M., Huang, D.O.B. & Jacob, R. (2003) Assays for hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capcity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity ORAC) of plasma and other biological and food samples. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 51, 3273-3279.
Benzie, I.F.F. & Strain, J.J. (1996) The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of 'antioxidant power', The FRAP assay. Anal. Biochem. 239, 70-76.
Husain, S.R., Cillard, J. & Cillard, P. (1987) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activityof flavonoids. Phytochemistry 26, 2488-2491.
Robak, J. & Gryglewski, R.J. (1988) Flavonoids are scavengers of superoxide anions. Biochem. Pharmacol. 37, 837-841.
Hu, F.B. (2003) Plant-based foods and prevention of cardiovascular disease: an overview. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 78(Suppl. 3), 544S-551S.
Kris-Etherton, P.M., Yu-Poth, S., Sabaté, J., Ratcliffe, H.E., Zhao, G. & Etherton, T.D. (1999) Nuts and their bioactive constituents: effects on serum lipids and other factors that affect disease risk. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70(suppl. 3), 504S-511S.
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References_xml – reference: Husain, S.R., Cillard, J. & Cillard, P. (1987) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activityof flavonoids. Phytochemistry 26, 2488-2491.
– reference: Seeram, N.P., Henning, S.M., Niu, Y., Lee, R., Scheuller, H.S. & Heber, D. (2006) Catechin and caffeine content of green tea dietary supplements and correlation with antioxidant capacity. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 54, 1599-1603.
– reference: Whitehead, T.P., Robinson, D., Allaway, S., Syms, J. & Hale, A. (1995) Effect of red wine ingestion on the antioxidant capacity of serum. Clin. Chem. 41, 32-35.
– reference: Wu, X., Beecher, G.R., Holden, J.M., Haytowitz, D.B., Gebhardt, S.E. & Prior, R.L. (2004) Lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacities of common foods in the United States. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 52, 4026-4037.
– reference: O'Byrne, D.J., Devaraj, S., Grundy, S.M. & Jialal, I. (2002) Comparison of the antioxidant effects of Concord grape juice flavonoids alpha-tocopherol on markers of oxidative stress in healthy adults. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 76, 1367-1374.
– reference: Rein, D., Lotito, S., Holt, R.R., Keen, C.L., Schmitz, H.H. & Fraga, C.G. (2000) Epicatechin in human plasma: in vivo determination and effect of chocolate consumption on plasma oxidation status. J. Nutr. 130(Suppl. 8S), 2109S-2114S.
– reference: Hu, F.B. (2003) Plant-based foods and prevention of cardiovascular disease: an overview. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 78(Suppl. 3), 544S-551S.
– reference: Prior, R.L., Hoang, H., Gu, L., Wu, X., Bacchiocca, M., Howard, L., Hampsch-Woodill, M., Huang, D.O.B. & Jacob, R. (2003) Assays for hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capcity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity ORAC) of plasma and other biological and food samples. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 51, 3273-3279.
– reference: Diaz, M.N., Frei, B., Vita, J.A. & Keaney, J.F. Jr (1997) Antioxidants and atherosclerotic heart disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 337, 408-416.
– reference: Torel, J., Cillard, J. & Cillard, P. (1986) Antioxidant activity of flavonoids and reactivity with peroxyl radical. Phytochemistry 25, 383-387.
– reference: Wang, J.F., Schramm, D.D., Holt, R.R., Ensunsa, J.L., Fraga, C.G., Schmitz, H.H. & Keen, C.L. (2000a) A dose-response effect from chocolate consumption on plasma epicatechin and oxidative damage. J. Nutr. 130(Suppl. 8S), 2115S-2119S.
– reference: ERS/USDA Briefing Room, (2004) Fruit and Tree Nuts. Available at http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/FruitandTreeNuts/Background.htm (accessed on 17 December 2008).
– reference: Spiller, G.A., Miller, A., Olivera, K., Reynolds, J., Miller, B., Morse, S.J., Dewell, A. & Farquhar, J.W. (2003) Effects of plant-based diets high in raw or roasted almonds, or roasted almond butter on serum lipoproteins in humans. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 22, 195-200.
– reference: Yoshida, H., Ishikawa, T., Hosoai, H., Suzukawa, M., Ayaori, M., Hisada, T., Sawada, S., Yonemura, A., Higashi, K., Ito, T., Nakajima, K., Yamashita, T., Tomiyasu, K., Nishiwaki, M., Ohsuzu, F. & Nakamura, H. (1999) Inhibitory effect of tea flavonoids on the ability of cells to oxidize low density lipoprotein. Biochem. Pharmacol. 58, 1695-1703.
– reference: Serafini, M., Maiani, G. & Ferro-Luzzi, A. (1998) Alcohol-free red wine enhances plasma antioxidant capacity in humans. J. Nutr. 128, 1003-1007.
– reference: Duthie, G.G., Pedersen, M.W., Gardner, P.T., Morrice, P.C., Jenkinson, A.M., McPhail, D.B. & Steele, G.M. (1998) The effect of whisky and wine consumption on total phenol content and antioxidant capacity of plasma from healthy volunteers. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 52, 733-736.
– reference: Covas, M.I., Miro-Casas, E., Fito, M., Farre-Albadalejo, M., Gimeno, E., Marrugat, J. & De La Torre, R. (2003) Bioavailability of tyrosol, an antioxidant phenolic compound present in wine and olive oil, in humans. Drugs Exp. Clin. Res. 29, 203-206.
– reference: Feldman, E.B. (2002) The scientific evidence for a beneficial health relationship between walnuts and coronary heart disease. J. Nutr. 132, 1062S-1101S.
– reference: Henning, S.M., Niu, Y., Liu, Y., Lee, N.H., Hara, Y., Thames, G.D., Minutti, R.R., Carpenter, C.L., Wang, H. & Heber, D. (2005) Bioavailability and antioxidant effect of epigallocatechin gallate administered in purified form versus as green tea extract in healthy individuals. J. Nutr. Biochem. 16, 610-616.
– reference: Fraser, G.E., Sabaté, J., Beeson, W.L. & Strahan, T.M. (1992) A possible protective effect of nut consumption on risk of coronary artery disease: the Adventist Health Study. Arch. Intern. Med. 152, 1416-1424.
– reference: Anderson, K.J., Teuber, S.S., Gobeille, A., Cremin, P., Waterhouse, A.L. & Steinberg, F.M. (2001) Walnut polyphenolics inhibit in vitro human plasma and LDL oxidation. J. Nutr. 131, 2837-2842.
– reference: Pearson, D.A., Tan, C.H., German, J.B., Davis, P.A. & Gershwin, M.E. (1999) Apple juice inhibits human low density lipoprotein oxidation. Life Sci. 64, 1913-1920.
– reference: Henning, S.M., Niu, Y., Lee, N.H., Thames, G.D., Minutti, R.R., Wang, H., Go, V.L. & Heber, D. (2004) Bioavailability and antioxidant activity of tea flavanols after consumption of green tea, black tea, or a green tea extract supplement. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 80, 1558-1564.
– reference: Senn, S. (1993) Cross-Over Trials in Clinical Research. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 218.
– reference: SAS (1999) SAS software, Version 8 of the SAS System for windows 1999. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
– reference: Langley-Evans, S.C. (2000) Consumption of black tea elicits an increase in plasma antioxidant potential in humans. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 51, 309-315.
– reference: Serafini, M., Bugianesi, R., Maiani, G., Valtuena, S., De Santis, S. & Crozier, A. (2003) Plasma antioxidants from chocolate. Nature 424, 1013.
– reference: Robak, J. & Gryglewski, R.J. (1988) Flavonoids are scavengers of superoxide anions. Biochem. Pharmacol. 37, 837-841.
– reference: Sabaté, J. & Fraser, G.E. (1994) Nuts: a new protective food against coronary heart disease. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 5, 11-16.
– reference: Frankel, E.N., Waterhouse, A.L. & Teissedre, P.L. (1995) Principal phenolic phytochemicals in selected California wines and their antioxidant activity in inhibiting oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43, 890-894.
– reference: Fuhrman, B., Volkova, N., Coleman, R. & Aviram, M. (2005) Grape powder polyphenols attenuate atherosclerosis development in apolipoprotein E deficient (E0) mice and reduce macrophage atherogenicity. J. Nutr. 135, 722-728.
– reference: Jenab, M., Sabate, J., Slimani, N., Ferrari, P., Mazuir, M., Casagrande, C., Deharveng, G., Tjonneland, A., Olsen, A., Overvad, K., Boutron-Ruault, M., Clavel-Chapelon, F., Boeing, H., Weikert, C., Linseisen, J., Rohrmann, S., Trichopoulou, A., Naska, A., Palli, D., Sacerdote, C., Tumino, R., Mattiello, A., Pala, V., Bueno-de-Mesquita, B., Ocke, M.C., Peeters, P.H., Engeset, D., Skeie, G., Jakszyn, P., Ardanaz, E., Ramon Quiros, J., Chirlaque, M.D., Martinez, C., Amiano, P., Berglund, G., Palmqvist, R., Guelpen, B., Bingham, S., Key, T. & Riboli, E. (2006) Consumption and portion sizes of tree nuts, peanuts and seeds in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohorts from 10 European countries. Br. J. Nutr. 96(Suppl. 2), S12-S23.
– reference: Jenkins, D.J.A., Kendall, C.W.C., Marchie, A., Parker, T.L., Connelly, P.W., Qian, W., Haight, J.S., Faulkner, D., Vidgen, E., Lapsley, K.G. & Spiller, G.A. (2002) Dose response of almonds on coronary heart disease risk factors: blood lipids, oxidized low-density lipoproteins, lipoprotein(a), homocysteine, and pulmonary nitric oxide. Circulation 106, 1327.
– reference: Kris-Etherton, P.M., Yu-Poth, S., Sabaté, J., Ratcliffe, H.E., Zhao, G. & Etherton, T.D. (1999) Nuts and their bioactive constituents: effects on serum lipids and other factors that affect disease risk. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70(suppl. 3), 504S-511S.
– reference: Nigdikar, S.V., Williams, N.R., Griffin, B.A. & Howard, A.N. (1998) Consumption of red wine polyphenols reduces the susceptibility of low-density lipoproteins to oxidation in vivo. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 68, 258-265.
– reference: Strahan, T.M. (2004) Nuts for cardiovascular protection. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 13(Suppl.), S33.
– reference: Serafini, M., Ghiselli, A. & Ferro-Luzzi, A. (1996) In vivo antioxidant effect of green and black tea in man. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 50, 28-32.
– reference: Teissedre, P.I., Frankel, E.N., Waterhouse, A.L., Peleg, H. & German, J.B. (1996) Inhibition in vitro human LDL oxidation by phenolic antioxidants from grapes and wines. J. Sci. Food Agric. 70, 55-61.
– reference: Cao, G. & Prior, R.L. (1999) Measurement of oxygen radical absorbance capacity in biological samples. Methods Enzymol. 299, 50-62.
– reference: Maguire, L.S., O'Sullivan, S.M., Galvin, K., O'Connor, T.P. & O'Brien, N.M. (2004) Fatty acid profile, tocopherol, squalene and phytosterol content of walnuts, almonds, peanuts, hazelnuts and the macadamia nut. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 55, 171-178.
– reference: Hu, F.B., Stampfer, M.J., Manson, J.E., Rimm, E.B., Colditz, G.A. & Rosner, B.A. (1998) Frequent nut consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in women: prospective cohort study. Br. Med. J. 317, 1341-1345.
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Snippet Nuts have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health due to the healthy fat content; however, the effect of antioxidants (i.e. polyphenols) in nuts...
Background:  Nuts have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health due to the healthy fat content; however, the effect of antioxidants (i.e....
Background:  Nuts have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health due to the healthy fat content; however, the effect of antioxidants (i.e....
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StartPage 64
SubjectTerms Adult
adults
Aged
almonds
antioxidant activity
antioxidant capacity
Antioxidants - metabolism
Area Under Curve
Biological and medical sciences
blood chemistry
Cross-Over Studies
dietary fat
Feeding. Feeding behavior
Female
Flavonoids - blood
food intake
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Juglans
lipid peroxidation
Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects
Male
Middle Aged
nuts
Oxidation-Reduction
Phenols - blood
Polyphenols
Prunus
temporal variation
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
walnuts
Young Adult
Title Acute effect of nut consumption on plasma total polyphenols, antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19192028
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https://www.proquest.com/docview/66886062
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