TEMPORAL CORRELATIONS BETWEEN OPTICAL AND GAMMA-RAY ACTIVITY IN BLAZARS

We have been using the 0.76 m Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope (KAIT) at Lick Observatory to optically monitor a sample of 157 blazars that are bright in gamma-rays being detected with high significance (10[sigma]) in one year by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telesco...

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Published inThe Astrophysical journal Vol. 797; no. 2; pp. 137 - 11
Main Authors Cohen, Daniel P., Romani, Roger W., Filippenko, Alexei V., Cenko, S. Bradley, Lott, Benoit, Zheng, WeiKang, Li, Weidong
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Astronomical Society 08.12.2014
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Subjects
active galactic nuclei: blazars
Astrophysics
Automation
Blazars
Correlation
Emission
galaxies: jets
Gamma rays
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Physics
quasars: general
Searching
Telescopes
Temporal logic
galaxies jets
quasars general
active galactic nuclei blazars
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1538-4357
0004-637X
1538-4357
DOI10.1088/0004-637X/797/2/137

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Abstract We have been using the 0.76 m Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope (KAIT) at Lick Observatory to optically monitor a sample of 157 blazars that are bright in gamma-rays being detected with high significance (10[sigma]) in one year by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. We attempt to observe each source on a three-day cadence with KAIT, subject to weather and seasonal visibility. Using the discrete correlation function (DCF), here we search for temporal relationships between optical and gamma-ray light curves in the 40 brightest sources in hopes of placing constraints on blazar acceleration and emission zones. A stacked average DCF of the 40 sources verifies this correlation trend, with a peak above 99% significance indicating a characteristic time delay consistent with 0 days. The findings strongly support the widely accepted leptonic models of blazar emission. It is clear that long-term monitoring at high cadence is necessary to reveal the underlying physical correlation.
AbstractList We have been using the 0.76 m Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope (KAIT) at Lick Observatory to optically monitor a sample of 157 blazars that are bright in gamma-rays being detected with high significance (10[sigma]) in one year by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. We attempt to observe each source on a three-day cadence with KAIT, subject to weather and seasonal visibility. Using the discrete correlation function (DCF), here we search for temporal relationships between optical and gamma-ray light curves in the 40 brightest sources in hopes of placing constraints on blazar acceleration and emission zones. A stacked average DCF of the 40 sources verifies this correlation trend, with a peak above 99% significance indicating a characteristic time delay consistent with 0 days. The findings strongly support the widely accepted leptonic models of blazar emission. It is clear that long-term monitoring at high cadence is necessary to reveal the underlying physical correlation.
For this research, we have been using the 0.76 m Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope (KAIT) at Lick Observatory to optically monitor a sample of 157 blazars that are bright in gamma-rays being detected with high significance (≥10σ) in one year by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. We attempt to observe each source on a three-day cadence with KAIT, subject to weather and seasonal visibility. The gamma-ray coverage is essentially continuous. KAIT observations extend over much of the five-year Fermi mission for several objects, and most have >100 optical measurements spanning the last three years. These blazars (flat-spectrum radio quasars and BL Lac objects) exhibit a wide range of flaring behavior. Using the discrete correlation function (DCF), here we search for temporal relationships between optical and gamma-ray light curves in the 40 brightest sources in hopes of placing constraints on blazar acceleration and emission zones. We find strong optical-gamma-ray correlation in many of these sources at time delays of ~1 to ~10 days, ranging between –40 and +30 days. A stacked average DCF of the 40 sources verifies this correlation trend, with a peak above 99% significance indicating a characteristic time delay consistent with 0 days. These findings strongly support the widely accepted leptonic models of blazar emission. However, we also find examples of apparently uncorrelated flares (optical flares with no gamma-ray counterpart and gamma-ray flares with no optical counterpart) that challenge simple, one-zone models of blazar emission. Moreover, we find that flat-spectrum radio quasars tend to have gamma-rays leading the optical, while intermediate- and high-synchrotron peak blazars with the most significant peaks have smaller lags/leads. In conclusion, it is clear that long-term monitoring at high cadence is necessary to reveal the underlying physical correlation.
We have been using the 0.76-m Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope (KAIT) at Lick Observatory to optically monitor a sample of 157 blazars that are bright in gamma rays, being detected with high significance (≥10σ) in one year by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the {\it Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope}. We attempt to observe each source on a 3-day cadence with KAIT, subject to weather and seasonal visibility. The gamma-ray coverage is essentially continuous. KAIT observations extend over much of the 5-year {\it Fermi} mission for several objects, and most have >100 optical measurements spanning the last three years. These blazars (flat-spectrum radio quasars and BL~Lac objects) exhibit a wide range of flaring behavior. Using the discrete correlation function (DCF), here we search for temporal relationships between optical and gamma-ray light curves in the 40 brightest sources in hopes of placing constraints on blazar acceleration and emission zones. We find strong optical--gamma-ray correlation in many of these sources at time delays of ∼1 to ∼10 days, ranging between −40 and +30 days. A stacked average DCF of the 40 sources verifies this correlation trend, with a peak above 99% significance indicating a characteristic time delay consistent with 0 days. These findings strongly support the widely accepted leptonic models of blazar emission. However, we also find examples of apparently uncorrelated flares (optical flares with no gamma-ray counterpart and gamma-ray flares with no optical counterpart) that challenge simple, one-zone models of blazar emission. Moreover, we find that flat-spectrum radio quasars tend to have gamma rays leading the optical, while intermediate and high synchrotron peak blazars with the most significant peaks have smaller lags/leads.
Author Zheng, WeiKang
Li, Weidong
Lott, Benoit
Romani, Roger W.
Cenko, S. Bradley
Cohen, Daniel P.
Filippenko, Alexei V.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Daniel P.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-5221-2342
  surname: Cohen
  fullname: Cohen, Daniel P.
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  givenname: Roger W.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6711-3286
  surname: Romani
  fullname: Romani, Roger W.
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  givenname: Alexei V.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-3460-0103
  surname: Filippenko
  fullname: Filippenko, Alexei V.
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  givenname: S. Bradley
  surname: Cenko
  fullname: Cenko, S. Bradley
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  givenname: Benoit
  surname: Lott
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  givenname: WeiKang
  surname: Zheng
  fullname: Zheng, WeiKang
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  givenname: Weidong
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Weidong
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Snippet We have been using the 0.76 m Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope (KAIT) at Lick Observatory to optically monitor a sample of 157 blazars that are bright in...
We have been using the 0.76-m Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope (KAIT) at Lick Observatory to optically monitor a sample of 157 blazars that are bright in...
For this research, we have been using the 0.76 m Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope (KAIT) at Lick Observatory to optically monitor a sample of 157 blazars...
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SubjectTerms active galactic nuclei: blazars
Astrophysics
Automation
Blazars
Correlation
Emission
galaxies: jets
Gamma rays
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Physics
quasars: general
Searching
Telescopes
Temporal logic
Title TEMPORAL CORRELATIONS BETWEEN OPTICAL AND GAMMA-RAY ACTIVITY IN BLAZARS
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