Transcription Factor E2F-1 Is Upregulated in Response to DNA Damage in a Manner Analogous to That of p53

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Published inMolecular and Cellular Biology Vol. 19; no. 5; pp. 3704 - 3713
Main Authors Blattner, Christine, Sparks, Alison, Lane, David
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Society for Microbiology 01.05.1999
Taylor & Francis
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0270-7306
1098-5549
1067-8824
1098-5549
DOI10.1128/MCB.19.5.3704

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Abstract Article Usage Stats Services MCB Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue Spotlights in the Current Issue MCB About MCB Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy MCB RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • journals@asmusa.org Print ISSN: 0270-7306 Online ISSN: 1098-5549 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to MCB .asm.org, visit: MCB       
AbstractList The transcription factor E2F-1 directs the expression of genes that induce or regulate cell division, and a role for E2F-1 in driving cells into apoptosis is the subject of intense discussion. Recently it has been shown that E2F-1 binds and coprecipitates with the mouse double-minute chromosome 2 protein (Mdm2). A domain of E2F-1 (amino acids 390 to 406) shows striking similarity to the Mdm2 binding domain of the tumor suppressor protein p53. It is known that interaction of Mdm2 with p53 through this domain is required for Mdm2-dependent degradation of p53. We show here that E2F-1 protein is upregulated in response to DNA damage. The kinetics of induction are dependent upon the source of DNA damage, i.e., fast and transient after irradiation with X rays and delayed and stable after irradiation with UVC, and thus match the kinetics of p53 induction in response to DNA damage. We show further that E2F-1 is also upregulated by treatment with the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D and with the kinase inhibitor DRB, as well as by high concentrations of the kinase inhibitor H7, all conditions which also upregulate p53. In our experiments we were not able to see an increase in E2F-1 RNA production but did find an increase in protein stability in UVC-irradiated cells. Upregulation of E2F-1 in response to DNA damage seems to require the presence of wild-type p53, since we did not observe an increase in the level of E2F-1 protein in several cell lines which possess mutated p53. Previous experiments showed that p53 is upregulated after microinjection of an antibody which binds to a domain of Mdm2 that is required for the interaction of Mdm2 with p53. Microinjection of the same antibody also increases the expression of E2F-1 protein, while microinjection of a control antibody does not. Furthermore, microinjection of Mdm2 antisense oligonucleotides upregulates E2F-1 protein, while microinjection of an unrelated oligonucleotide does not. These data suggest that E2F-1 is upregulated in a similar way to p53 in response to DNA damage and that Mdm2 appears to play a major role in this pathway.
Article Usage Stats Services MCB Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue Spotlights in the Current Issue MCB About MCB Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy MCB RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • journals@asmusa.org Print ISSN: 0270-7306 Online ISSN: 1098-5549 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to MCB .asm.org, visit: MCB       
The transcription factor E2F-1 directs the expression of genes that induce or regulate cell division, and a role for E2F-1 in driving cells into apoptosis is the subject of intense discussion. Recently it has been shown that E2F-1 binds and coprecipitates with the mouse double-minute chromosome 2 protein (Mdm2). A domain of E2F-1 (amino acids 390 to 406) shows striking similarity to the Mdm2 binding domain of the tumor suppressor protein p53. It is known that interaction of Mdm2 with p53 through this domain is required for Mdm2-dependent degradation of p53. We show here that E2F-1 protein is upregulated in response to DNA damage. The kinetics of induction are dependent upon the source of DNA damage, i.e., fast and transient after irradiation with X rays and delayed and stable after irradiation with UVC, and thus match the kinetics of p53 induction in response to DNA damage. We show further that E2F-1 is also upregulated by treatment with the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D and with the kinase inhibitor DRB, as well as by high concentrations of the kinase inhibitor H7, all conditions which also upregulate p53. In our experiments we were not able to see an increase in E2F-1 RNA production but did find an increase in protein stability in UVC-irradiated cells. Upregulation of E2F-1 in response to DNA damage seems to require the presence of wild-type p53, since we did not observe an increase in the level of E2F-1 protein in several cell lines which possess mutated p53. Previous experiments showed that p53 is upregulated after microinjection of an antibody which binds to a domain of Mdm2 that is required for the interaction of Mdm2 with p53. Microinjection of the same antibody also increases the expression of E2F-1 protein, while microinjection of a control antibody does not. Furthermore, microinjection of Mdm2 antisense oligonucleotides upregulates E2F-1 protein, while microinjection of an unrelated oligonucleotide does not. These data suggest that E2F-1 is upregulated in a similar way to p53 in response to DNA damage and that Mdm2 appears to play a major role in this pathway.The transcription factor E2F-1 directs the expression of genes that induce or regulate cell division, and a role for E2F-1 in driving cells into apoptosis is the subject of intense discussion. Recently it has been shown that E2F-1 binds and coprecipitates with the mouse double-minute chromosome 2 protein (Mdm2). A domain of E2F-1 (amino acids 390 to 406) shows striking similarity to the Mdm2 binding domain of the tumor suppressor protein p53. It is known that interaction of Mdm2 with p53 through this domain is required for Mdm2-dependent degradation of p53. We show here that E2F-1 protein is upregulated in response to DNA damage. The kinetics of induction are dependent upon the source of DNA damage, i.e., fast and transient after irradiation with X rays and delayed and stable after irradiation with UVC, and thus match the kinetics of p53 induction in response to DNA damage. We show further that E2F-1 is also upregulated by treatment with the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D and with the kinase inhibitor DRB, as well as by high concentrations of the kinase inhibitor H7, all conditions which also upregulate p53. In our experiments we were not able to see an increase in E2F-1 RNA production but did find an increase in protein stability in UVC-irradiated cells. Upregulation of E2F-1 in response to DNA damage seems to require the presence of wild-type p53, since we did not observe an increase in the level of E2F-1 protein in several cell lines which possess mutated p53. Previous experiments showed that p53 is upregulated after microinjection of an antibody which binds to a domain of Mdm2 that is required for the interaction of Mdm2 with p53. Microinjection of the same antibody also increases the expression of E2F-1 protein, while microinjection of a control antibody does not. Furthermore, microinjection of Mdm2 antisense oligonucleotides upregulates E2F-1 protein, while microinjection of an unrelated oligonucleotide does not. These data suggest that E2F-1 is upregulated in a similar way to p53 in response to DNA damage and that Mdm2 appears to play a major role in this pathway.
Author David Lane
Christine Blattner
Alison Sparks
AuthorAffiliation Cancer Research Campaign Cell Transformation Group, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Cancer Research Campaign Cell Transformation Group, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Christine
  surname: Blattner
  fullname: Blattner, Christine
  organization: Cancer Research Campaign Cell Transformation Group, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Institute, University of Dundee
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  fullname: Sparks, Alison
  organization: Cancer Research Campaign Cell Transformation Group, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Institute, University of Dundee
– sequence: 3
  givenname: David
  surname: Lane
  fullname: Lane, David
  email: dplane@bad.Dundee.ac.uk
  organization: Cancer Research Campaign Cell Transformation Group, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Institute, University of Dundee
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10207094$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Corresponding author. Mailing address: Cancer Research Campaign Cell Transformation Group, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom. Phone: 44-1382-344920. Fax: 44-1382-224117. E-mail: dplane@bad.Dundee.ac.uk.
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Snippet Article Usage Stats Services MCB Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley...
The transcription factor E2F-1 directs the expression of genes that induce or regulate cell division, and a role for E2F-1 in driving cells into apoptosis is...
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SubjectTerms 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine - pharmacology
Antibodies - pharmacology
Carrier Proteins
Cell Cycle Proteins
Cell Growth and Development
Dactinomycin - pharmacology
Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole - pharmacology
DNA Damage - genetics
DNA-Binding Proteins
E2F Transcription Factors
E2F1 Transcription Factor
Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Gene Expression Regulation - genetics
Humans
Mutation
Nuclear Proteins
Oligonucleotides, Antisense - genetics
Oligonucleotides, Antisense - pharmacology
Proto-Oncogene Proteins - genetics
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2
Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
Transcription Factor DP1
Transcription Factors - genetics
Transcription, Genetic - radiation effects
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 - genetics
Up-Regulation
Title Transcription Factor E2F-1 Is Upregulated in Response to DNA Damage in a Manner Analogous to That of p53
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