Use of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine‐related drugs in the Nordic countries between 2000 and 2020
Use of benzodiazepines (BZ) and related drugs is subject to considerable debate due to problems with dependency and adverse events. We aimed to describe and compare their use across the Nordic countries. Data on the use of clonazepam, BZ‐sedatives, BZ‐hypnotics, and benzodiazepine‐related drugs (BZR...
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Published in | Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology Vol. 132; no. 1; pp. 60 - 70 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
01.01.2023
John Wiley and Sons Inc |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 1742-7835 1742-7843 1742-7843 |
DOI | 10.1111/bcpt.13811 |
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Abstract | Use of benzodiazepines (BZ) and related drugs is subject to considerable debate due to problems with dependency and adverse events. We aimed to describe and compare their use across the Nordic countries. Data on the use of clonazepam, BZ‐sedatives, BZ‐hypnotics, and benzodiazepine‐related drugs (BZRD) in adults (≥20 years) were obtained from nationwide registers in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, 2000–2020. Main measures were therapeutic intensity (TI:DDD/1000 inhabitants [inhab.]/day) and annual prevalence (users/1000 inhab./year). Overall, TI of BZ and related drugs decreased in all Nordic countries from 2004 to 2020. However, there were considerable differences between countries in TI. In 2020, the TI of BZ and related drugs ranged from 17 DDD/1000 inhab./day in Denmark to 93 DDD/1000 inhab./day in Iceland. BZRD accounted for 55–78% of BZ use in 2020, followed by BZ sedatives at 20–44%, BZ‐hypnotics at <1–5%, and clonazepam at <1–2%. Annual prevalence of BZ use increased with age in all countries, and the highest annual prevalence was observed among people ≥80 years. Overall, the use of BZ and related drugs has decreased in all Nordic countries from 2004 to 2020, however, with considerable differences in their use between countries. The highest prevalence was observed among the oldest age groups—despite warnings against their use in this population. |
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AbstractList | Use of benzodiazepines (BZ) and related drugs is subject to considerable debate due to problems with dependency and adverse events. We aimed to describe and compare their use across the Nordic countries. Data on the use of clonazepam, BZ‐sedatives, BZ‐hypnotics, and benzodiazepine‐related drugs (BZRD) in adults (≥20 years) were obtained from nationwide registers in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, 2000–2020. Main measures were therapeutic intensity (TI:DDD/1000 inhabitants [inhab.]/day) and annual prevalence (users/1000 inhab./year). Overall, TI of BZ and related drugs decreased in all Nordic countries from 2004 to 2020. However, there were considerable differences between countries in TI. In 2020, the TI of BZ and related drugs ranged from 17 DDD/1000 inhab./day in Denmark to 93 DDD/1000 inhab./day in Iceland. BZRD accounted for 55–78% of BZ use in 2020, followed by BZ sedatives at 20–44%, BZ‐hypnotics at <1–5%, and clonazepam at <1–2%. Annual prevalence of BZ use increased with age in all countries, and the highest annual prevalence was observed among people ≥80 years. Overall, the use of BZ and related drugs has decreased in all Nordic countries from 2004 to 2020, however, with considerable differences in their use between countries. The highest prevalence was observed among the oldest age groups—despite warnings against their use in this population. Use of benzodiazepines (BZ) and related drugs is subject to considerable debate due to problems with dependency and adverse events. We aimed to describe and compare their use across the Nordic countries. Data on the use of clonazepam, BZ-sedatives, BZ-hypnotics, and benzodiazepine-related drugs (BZRD) in adults (≥20 years) were obtained from nationwide registers in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, 2000-2020. Main measures were therapeutic intensity (TI:DDD/1000 inhabitants [inhab.]/day) and annual prevalence (users/1000 inhab./year). Overall, TI of BZ and related drugs decreased in all Nordic countries from 2004 to 2020. However, there were considerable differences between countries in TI. In 2020, the TI of BZ and related drugs ranged from 17 DDD/1000 inhab./day in Denmark to 93 DDD/1000 inhab./day in Iceland. BZRD accounted for 55-78% of BZ use in 2020, followed by BZ sedatives at 20-44%, BZ-hypnotics at <1-5%, and clonazepam at <1-2%. Annual prevalence of BZ use increased with age in all countries, and the highest annual prevalence was observed among people ≥80 years. Overall, the use of BZ and related drugs has decreased in all Nordic countries from 2004 to 2020, however, with considerable differences in their use between countries. The highest prevalence was observed among the oldest age groups-despite warnings against their use in this population.Use of benzodiazepines (BZ) and related drugs is subject to considerable debate due to problems with dependency and adverse events. We aimed to describe and compare their use across the Nordic countries. Data on the use of clonazepam, BZ-sedatives, BZ-hypnotics, and benzodiazepine-related drugs (BZRD) in adults (≥20 years) were obtained from nationwide registers in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, 2000-2020. Main measures were therapeutic intensity (TI:DDD/1000 inhabitants [inhab.]/day) and annual prevalence (users/1000 inhab./year). Overall, TI of BZ and related drugs decreased in all Nordic countries from 2004 to 2020. However, there were considerable differences between countries in TI. In 2020, the TI of BZ and related drugs ranged from 17 DDD/1000 inhab./day in Denmark to 93 DDD/1000 inhab./day in Iceland. BZRD accounted for 55-78% of BZ use in 2020, followed by BZ sedatives at 20-44%, BZ-hypnotics at <1-5%, and clonazepam at <1-2%. Annual prevalence of BZ use increased with age in all countries, and the highest annual prevalence was observed among people ≥80 years. Overall, the use of BZ and related drugs has decreased in all Nordic countries from 2004 to 2020, however, with considerable differences in their use between countries. The highest prevalence was observed among the oldest age groups-despite warnings against their use in this population. |
Author | Andersen, Jacob H. Saastamoinen, Leena K. Hallas, Jesper Gudmundsson, Larus S. Pottegård, Anton Højlund, Mikkel Skurtveit, Svetlana O. Zoega, Helga Wastesson, Jonas W. |
AuthorAffiliation | 4 Research Unit The Social Insurance Institution of Finland (Kela) Helsinki Finland 8 Ageing Research Center Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden 5 School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of New South Wales Sydney Australia 2 Department of Psychiatry Aabenraa Mental Health Services Region of Southern Denmark Aabenraa Denmark 10 Hospital Pharmacy Funen Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark 9 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden 1 Department of Public Health, Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark 6 Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland 7 Department of Mental Disorders The Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway 3 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland – name: 8 Ageing Research Center Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden – name: 9 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden – name: 5 School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of New South Wales Sydney Australia – name: 7 Department of Mental Disorders The Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway – name: 4 Research Unit The Social Insurance Institution of Finland (Kela) Helsinki Finland – name: 1 Department of Public Health, Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark – name: 6 Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland – name: 2 Department of Psychiatry Aabenraa Mental Health Services Region of Southern Denmark Aabenraa Denmark – name: 10 Hospital Pharmacy Funen Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Mikkel orcidid: 0000-0002-5786-5203 surname: Højlund fullname: Højlund, Mikkel email: mhoejlund@health.sdu.dk organization: Mental Health Services Region of Southern Denmark – sequence: 2 givenname: Larus S. orcidid: 0000-0003-4660-1111 surname: Gudmundsson fullname: Gudmundsson, Larus S. organization: University of Iceland – sequence: 3 givenname: Jacob H. orcidid: 0000-0003-0656-6905 surname: Andersen fullname: Andersen, Jacob H. organization: University of Southern Denmark – sequence: 4 givenname: Leena K. orcidid: 0000-0002-0887-0137 surname: Saastamoinen fullname: Saastamoinen, Leena K. organization: The Social Insurance Institution of Finland (Kela) – sequence: 5 givenname: Helga orcidid: 0000-0003-0761-9028 surname: Zoega fullname: Zoega, Helga organization: University of Iceland – sequence: 6 givenname: Svetlana O. orcidid: 0000-0001-7525-9701 surname: Skurtveit fullname: Skurtveit, Svetlana O. organization: The Norwegian Institute of Public Health – sequence: 7 givenname: Jonas W. orcidid: 0000-0001-7601-4319 surname: Wastesson fullname: Wastesson, Jonas W. organization: Karolinska Institutet – sequence: 8 givenname: Jesper orcidid: 0000-0002-8097-8708 surname: Hallas fullname: Hallas, Jesper organization: University of Southern Denmark – sequence: 9 givenname: Anton orcidid: 0000-0001-9314-5679 surname: Pottegård fullname: Pottegård, Anton organization: Odense University Hospital |
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Keywords | Z-drugs hypnotics benzodiazepines drug utilization anxiolytics pharmacoepidemiology |
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SubjectTerms | Adult Aged, 80 and over anxiolytics Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines - adverse effects Clonazepam Clonazepam - adverse effects drug utilization Drugs Humans Hypnotics Hypnotics and Sedatives - adverse effects Original pharmacoepidemiology Scandinavian and Nordic Countries - epidemiology Sedatives Sweden - epidemiology Z‐drugs |
Title | Use of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine‐related drugs in the Nordic countries between 2000 and 2020 |
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