Direct Evidence for Prediction Signals in Frontal Cortex Independent of Prediction Error
Abstract Predictive coding (PC) has been suggested as one of the main mechanisms used by brains to interact with complex environments. PC theories posit top-down prediction signals, which are compared with actual outcomes, yielding in turn prediction error (PE) signals, which are used, bottom-up, to...
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| Published in | Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991) Vol. 29; no. 11; pp. 4530 - 4538 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Oxford University Press
17.12.2019
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1047-3211 1460-2199 1460-2199 |
| DOI | 10.1093/cercor/bhy331 |
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| Abstract | Abstract
Predictive coding (PC) has been suggested as one of the main mechanisms used by brains to interact with complex environments. PC theories posit top-down prediction signals, which are compared with actual outcomes, yielding in turn prediction error (PE) signals, which are used, bottom-up, to modify the ensuing predictions. However, disentangling prediction from PE signals has been challenging. Critically, while many studies found indirect evidence for PC in the form of PE signals, direct evidence for the prediction signal is mostly lacking. Here, we provide clear evidence, obtained from intracranial cortical recordings in human surgical patients, that the human lateral prefrontal cortex evinces prediction signals while anticipating an event. Patients listened to task-irrelevant sequences of repetitive tones including infrequent predictable or unpredictable pitch deviants. The broadband high-frequency amplitude (HFA) was decreased prior to the onset of expected relative to unexpected deviants in the frontal cortex only, and its amplitude was sensitive to the increasing likelihood of deviants following longer trains of standards in the unpredictable condition. Single-trial HFA predicted deviations and correlated with poststimulus response to deviations. These results provide direct evidence for frontal cortex prediction signals independent of PE signals. |
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| AbstractList | Predictive coding (PC) has been suggested as one of the main mechanisms used by brains to interact with complex environments. PC theories posit top-down prediction signals, which are compared with actual outcomes, yielding in turn prediction error (PE) signals, which are used, bottom-up, to modify the ensuing predictions. However, disentangling prediction from PE signals has been challenging. Critically, while many studies found indirect evidence for PC in the form of PE signals, direct evidence for the prediction signal is mostly lacking. Here, we provide clear evidence, obtained from intracranial cortical recordings in human surgical patients, that the human lateral prefrontal cortex evinces prediction signals while anticipating an event. Patients listened to task-irrelevant sequences of repetitive tones including infrequent predictable or unpredictable pitch deviants. The broadband high-frequency amplitude (HFA) was decreased prior to the onset of expected relative to unexpected deviants in the frontal cortex only, and its amplitude was sensitive to the increasing likelihood of deviants following longer trains of standards in the unpredictable condition. Single-trial HFA predicted deviations and correlated with poststimulus response to deviations. These results provide direct evidence for frontal cortex prediction signals independent of PE signals.Predictive coding (PC) has been suggested as one of the main mechanisms used by brains to interact with complex environments. PC theories posit top-down prediction signals, which are compared with actual outcomes, yielding in turn prediction error (PE) signals, which are used, bottom-up, to modify the ensuing predictions. However, disentangling prediction from PE signals has been challenging. Critically, while many studies found indirect evidence for PC in the form of PE signals, direct evidence for the prediction signal is mostly lacking. Here, we provide clear evidence, obtained from intracranial cortical recordings in human surgical patients, that the human lateral prefrontal cortex evinces prediction signals while anticipating an event. Patients listened to task-irrelevant sequences of repetitive tones including infrequent predictable or unpredictable pitch deviants. The broadband high-frequency amplitude (HFA) was decreased prior to the onset of expected relative to unexpected deviants in the frontal cortex only, and its amplitude was sensitive to the increasing likelihood of deviants following longer trains of standards in the unpredictable condition. Single-trial HFA predicted deviations and correlated with poststimulus response to deviations. These results provide direct evidence for frontal cortex prediction signals independent of PE signals. Abstract Predictive coding (PC) has been suggested as one of the main mechanisms used by brains to interact with complex environments. PC theories posit top-down prediction signals, which are compared with actual outcomes, yielding in turn prediction error (PE) signals, which are used, bottom-up, to modify the ensuing predictions. However, disentangling prediction from PE signals has been challenging. Critically, while many studies found indirect evidence for PC in the form of PE signals, direct evidence for the prediction signal is mostly lacking. Here, we provide clear evidence, obtained from intracranial cortical recordings in human surgical patients, that the human lateral prefrontal cortex evinces prediction signals while anticipating an event. Patients listened to task-irrelevant sequences of repetitive tones including infrequent predictable or unpredictable pitch deviants. The broadband high-frequency amplitude (HFA) was decreased prior to the onset of expected relative to unexpected deviants in the frontal cortex only, and its amplitude was sensitive to the increasing likelihood of deviants following longer trains of standards in the unpredictable condition. Single-trial HFA predicted deviations and correlated with poststimulus response to deviations. These results provide direct evidence for frontal cortex prediction signals independent of PE signals. Predictive coding (PC) has been suggested as one of the main mechanisms used by brains to interact with complex environments. PC theories posit top-down prediction signals, which are compared with actual outcomes, yielding in turn prediction error (PE) signals, which are used, bottom-up, to modify the ensuing predictions. However, disentangling prediction from PE signals has been challenging. Critically, while many studies found indirect evidence for PC in the form of PE signals, direct evidence for the prediction signal is mostly lacking. Here, we provide clear evidence, obtained from intracranial cortical recordings in human surgical patients, that the human lateral prefrontal cortex evinces prediction signals while anticipating an event. Patients listened to task-irrelevant sequences of repetitive tones including infrequent predictable or unpredictable pitch deviants. The broadband high-frequency amplitude (HFA) was decreased prior to the onset of expected relative to unexpected deviants in the frontal cortex only, and its amplitude was sensitive to the increasing likelihood of deviants following longer trains of standards in the unpredictable condition. Single-trial HFA predicted deviations and correlated with poststimulus response to deviations. These results provide direct evidence for frontal cortex prediction signals independent of PE signals. |
| Author | Dürschmid, Stefan Hinrichs, Hermann Knight, Robert T Kirsch, Heidi E Reichert, Christoph Heinze, Hans-Jochen Deouell, Leon Y |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Behavioral Neurology , Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, Magdeburg, Germany 3 Stereotactic Neurosurgery , Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, Germany 2 Department of Neurology , Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, Germany 6 CBBS—Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences , Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, Germany 4 German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, Germany 9 Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences and Department of Psychology , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel 5 Forschungscampus STIMULATE , Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, Germany 7 Department of Neurology , University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, USA 8 Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology , University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 6 CBBS—Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences , Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, Germany – name: 2 Department of Neurology , Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, Germany – name: 1 Department of Behavioral Neurology , Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, Magdeburg, Germany – name: 5 Forschungscampus STIMULATE , Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, Germany – name: 3 Stereotactic Neurosurgery , Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, Germany – name: 4 German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, Germany – name: 8 Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology , University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA – name: 7 Department of Neurology , University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, USA – name: 9 Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences and Department of Psychology , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30590422$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Predictive coding (PC) has been suggested as one of the main mechanisms used by brains to interact with complex environments. PC theories posit... Predictive coding (PC) has been suggested as one of the main mechanisms used by brains to interact with complex environments. PC theories posit top-down... |
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| SubjectTerms | Acoustic Stimulation Adult Anticipation, Psychological - physiology Auditory Perception - physiology Frontal Lobe - physiology Humans Original Temporal Lobe - physiology |
| Title | Direct Evidence for Prediction Signals in Frontal Cortex Independent of Prediction Error |
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