Risk factors assessment for nasal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus and its methicillin resistant strains among pre-clinical medical students of Nepal

• Published in: BMC research notes Vol. 9; no. 1; p. 214
• Main Authors: Ansari, Shamshul, Gautam, Rajendra, Shrestha, Sony, Ansari, Safiur Rahman, Subedi, Shankar Nanda, Chhetri, Muni Raj
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central 12.04.2016; BioMed Central Ltd; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Analysis; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Bacteriological Techniques; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Care and treatment; Chi-Square Distribution; Complications and side effects; Cross-Sectional Studies; Development and progression; Drug resistance in microorganisms; Female; Humans; Life Sciences; Male; Medicine/Public Health; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiology; Nasal Cavity - microbiology; Nepal; Research Article; Risk Assessment - methods; Risk Assessment - statistics & numerical data; Risk Factors; Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology; Staphylococcal Infections - prevention & control; Staphylococcal Infections - transmission; Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects; Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification; Staphylococcus aureus infections; Students, Medical - statistics & numerical data; Teicoplanin - pharmacology; Vancomycin - pharmacology; Young Adult; Nepal; Medical students; Nasal colonization; Risk factors; MRSA; Staphylococcus aureus
• ISSN: 1756-0500; 1756-0500
• DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2021-7

Background Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ), a normal flora of nasal cavity, can cause minor to life threatening invasive diseases and nosocomial infections. Methicillin resistant strains of S. aureus are causing a great challenge for treatment options. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the nasal carriage rate of S. aureus , its methicillin resistant strains and risk factors in medical students prior to clinical exposure. Methods The bacterial growth of S. aureus from nasal swab culture was identified by using standard microbiological methods recommended by American Society for Microbiology. Modified Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method was used for antibiotic susceptibility testing and methicillin resistance was confirmed using cefoxitin and oxacillin disks. D-zone test method was used to determine the inducible clindamycin resistance. Results Among 200 participants, nasal carriage of S. aureus was detected from 30 (15 %) subjects. Upper respiratory tract infections significantly (P < 0.05) contributed the carriage of S. aureus and their methicillin resistant strains. All of the isolates were reported to be susceptible to vancomycin and teicoplanin. S. aureus strains detected from 8 (4 %) students were confirmed to be methicillin resistant. Conclusions The result of our study demands for strict policy to screen all the students for nasal carriage of S. aureus and its MRSA strains to minimize the transmission of this organism from community to hospital settings.