Relationship between Standing Trunk Extension Angle and Medial Elbow Injuries in Young Baseball Pitchers
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the standing trunk extension angle and medial elbow injuries. Subjects and methods: The study participants were 90 male baseball pitchers (10–12 years) belonging to youth baseball teams. Pitching elbow injuries were evalu...
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| Published in | International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 19; no. 7; p. 3895 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Switzerland
MDPI AG
24.03.2022
MDPI |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1660-4601 1661-7827 1660-4601 |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijerph19073895 |
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| Abstract | Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the standing trunk extension angle and medial elbow injuries. Subjects and methods: The study participants were 90 male baseball pitchers (10–12 years) belonging to youth baseball teams. Pitching elbow injuries were evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon using ultrasound scans and physical examination findings. A single optical three-dimensional motion analysis system was used for the trunk extension measurements, with three-dimensional coordinates captured. The overall, upper, and lower trunk angles were then analyzed. Results: Trunk extension angle during standing trunk extension was significantly smaller among participants who were positive for medial elbow injuries on ultrasound scans (positive: 71.4° ± 10.3°; negative: 75.7° ± 9.2°; t = 2.05, p < 0.05). The upper trunk extension angle was significantly smaller than the lower trunk extension angle among participants who were positive for medial elbow injuries on physical examination (upper: 33.0° ± 6.9°; lower: 41.2° ± 8.2°; t = −2.42, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Trunk extension angle during standing trunk extension is associated with medial elbow injuries. Evaluating the trunk extension angle as multiple segments rather than a single rigid body is valuable. |
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| AbstractList | Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the standing trunk extension angle and medial elbow injuries. Subjects and methods: The study participants were 90 male baseball pitchers (10–12 years) belonging to youth baseball teams. Pitching elbow injuries were evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon using ultrasound scans and physical examination findings. A single optical three-dimensional motion analysis system was used for the trunk extension measurements, with three-dimensional coordinates captured. The overall, upper, and lower trunk angles were then analyzed. Results: Trunk extension angle during standing trunk extension was significantly smaller among participants who were positive for medial elbow injuries on ultrasound scans (positive: 71.4° ± 10.3°; negative: 75.7° ± 9.2°; t = 2.05, p < 0.05). The upper trunk extension angle was significantly smaller than the lower trunk extension angle among participants who were positive for medial elbow injuries on physical examination (upper: 33.0° ± 6.9°; lower: 41.2° ± 8.2°; t = −2.42, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Trunk extension angle during standing trunk extension is associated with medial elbow injuries. Evaluating the trunk extension angle as multiple segments rather than a single rigid body is valuable. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the standing trunk extension angle and medial elbow injuries. Subjects and methods: The study participants were 90 male baseball pitchers (10−12 years) belonging to youth baseball teams. Pitching elbow injuries were evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon using ultrasound scans and physical examination findings. A single optical three-dimensional motion analysis system was used for the trunk extension measurements, with three-dimensional coordinates captured. The overall, upper, and lower trunk angles were then analyzed. Results: Trunk extension angle during standing trunk extension was significantly smaller among participants who were positive for medial elbow injuries on ultrasound scans (positive: 71.4° ± 10.3°; negative: 75.7° ± 9.2°; t = 2.05, p < 0.05). The upper trunk extension angle was significantly smaller than the lower trunk extension angle among participants who were positive for medial elbow injuries on physical examination (upper: 33.0° ± 6.9°; lower: 41.2° ± 8.2°; t = −2.42, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Trunk extension angle during standing trunk extension is associated with medial elbow injuries. Evaluating the trunk extension angle as multiple segments rather than a single rigid body is valuable.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the standing trunk extension angle and medial elbow injuries. Subjects and methods: The study participants were 90 male baseball pitchers (10−12 years) belonging to youth baseball teams. Pitching elbow injuries were evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon using ultrasound scans and physical examination findings. A single optical three-dimensional motion analysis system was used for the trunk extension measurements, with three-dimensional coordinates captured. The overall, upper, and lower trunk angles were then analyzed. Results: Trunk extension angle during standing trunk extension was significantly smaller among participants who were positive for medial elbow injuries on ultrasound scans (positive: 71.4° ± 10.3°; negative: 75.7° ± 9.2°; t = 2.05, p < 0.05). The upper trunk extension angle was significantly smaller than the lower trunk extension angle among participants who were positive for medial elbow injuries on physical examination (upper: 33.0° ± 6.9°; lower: 41.2° ± 8.2°; t = −2.42, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Trunk extension angle during standing trunk extension is associated with medial elbow injuries. Evaluating the trunk extension angle as multiple segments rather than a single rigid body is valuable. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the standing trunk extension angle and medial elbow injuries. Subjects and methods: The study participants were 90 male baseball pitchers (10−12 years) belonging to youth baseball teams. Pitching elbow injuries were evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon using ultrasound scans and physical examination findings. A single optical three-dimensional motion analysis system was used for the trunk extension measurements, with three-dimensional coordinates captured. The overall, upper, and lower trunk angles were then analyzed. Results: Trunk extension angle during standing trunk extension was significantly smaller among participants who were positive for medial elbow injuries on ultrasound scans (positive: 71.4° ± 10.3°; negative: 75.7° ± 9.2°; t = 2.05, p < 0.05). The upper trunk extension angle was significantly smaller than the lower trunk extension angle among participants who were positive for medial elbow injuries on physical examination (upper: 33.0° ± 6.9°; lower: 41.2° ± 8.2°; t = −2.42, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Trunk extension angle during standing trunk extension is associated with medial elbow injuries. Evaluating the trunk extension angle as multiple segments rather than a single rigid body is valuable. |
| Author | Gonno, Megumi Azuma, Yoshikazu Nomura, Teruo Hiramoto, Machiko Watanabe, Yuya Kai, Yoshihiro Matsui, Tomoyuki Miyazaki, Tetsuya Morihara, Toru Kida, Noriyuki Hashimoto, Ruo Tanaka, Maki |
| AuthorAffiliation | 4 Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo 100-0005, Japan; yu15-watanabe@my-zaidan.or.jp 3 Marutamachi Rehabilitation Clinic, Kyoto 604-8405, Japan; matsui.tomoyuki.sports.reha@gmail.com (T.M.); azuma.yoshikazu.reha@gmail.com (Y.A.); true.to.your.heart810@gmail.com (M.H.); ruo.hashimoto@gmail.com (R.H.); mtsports0512@gmail.com (T.M.); toru4271@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp (T.M.) 1 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, 1 Hashikami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; m-tanaka@po.kbu.ac.jp 5 Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; kai-y@tachibana-u.ac.jp 2 Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; kida@kit.ac.jp (N.K.); nomura@kit.ac.jp (T.N.) |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; kida@kit.ac.jp (N.K.); nomura@kit.ac.jp (T.N.) – name: 4 Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo 100-0005, Japan; yu15-watanabe@my-zaidan.or.jp – name: 3 Marutamachi Rehabilitation Clinic, Kyoto 604-8405, Japan; matsui.tomoyuki.sports.reha@gmail.com (T.M.); azuma.yoshikazu.reha@gmail.com (Y.A.); true.to.your.heart810@gmail.com (M.H.); ruo.hashimoto@gmail.com (R.H.); mtsports0512@gmail.com (T.M.); toru4271@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp (T.M.) – name: 1 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, 1 Hashikami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; m-tanaka@po.kbu.ac.jp – name: 5 Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; kai-y@tachibana-u.ac.jp |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Megumi surname: Gonno fullname: Gonno, Megumi – sequence: 2 givenname: Noriyuki orcidid: 0000-0001-7669-6719 surname: Kida fullname: Kida, Noriyuki – sequence: 3 givenname: Teruo surname: Nomura fullname: Nomura, Teruo – sequence: 4 givenname: Tomoyuki surname: Matsui fullname: Matsui, Tomoyuki – sequence: 5 givenname: Yoshikazu orcidid: 0000-0003-2899-3385 surname: Azuma fullname: Azuma, Yoshikazu – sequence: 6 givenname: Machiko surname: Hiramoto fullname: Hiramoto, Machiko – sequence: 7 givenname: Ruo surname: Hashimoto fullname: Hashimoto, Ruo – sequence: 8 givenname: Tetsuya surname: Miyazaki fullname: Miyazaki, Tetsuya – sequence: 9 givenname: Maki surname: Tanaka fullname: Tanaka, Maki – sequence: 10 givenname: Yuya orcidid: 0000-0003-3970-1202 surname: Watanabe fullname: Watanabe, Yuya – sequence: 11 givenname: Yoshihiro surname: Kai fullname: Kai, Yoshihiro – sequence: 12 givenname: Toru surname: Morihara fullname: Morihara, Toru |
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| Copyright | 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2022 by the authors. 2022 |
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| Keywords | junior baseball player trunk extension thoracic extension elbow injury |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Baseball Biomechanical Phenomena Elbow Elbow - diagnostic imaging Elbow Joint - diagnostic imaging Holidays & special occasions Humans Injuries Investigations Male Muscle strength Musculoskeletal Diseases Thorax Torso Ultrasonic imaging X-rays |
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| Title | Relationship between Standing Trunk Extension Angle and Medial Elbow Injuries in Young Baseball Pitchers |
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