Regulation of Mitochondrial and Peroxisomal Metabolism in Female Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are widespread metabolic disorders that significantly impact global health today, affecting approximately 17% of adults worldwide with obesity and 9.3% with T2D. Both conditions are closely linked to disruptions in lipid metabolism, where peroxisomes play a pivotal...

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Published inInternational journal of molecular sciences Vol. 25; no. 20; p. 11237
Main Authors Antelo-Cea, Damián A., Martínez-Rojas, Laura, Cabrerizo-Ibáñez, Izan, Roudi Rashtabady, Ayda, Hernández-Alvarez, María Isabel
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 19.10.2024
MDPI
Subjects
Aerobics
Animals
Biosynthesis
Care and treatment
Clinical trials
Complications and side effects
Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism
Enzymes
Estrogens
Estrogens - metabolism
Exercise
Fatty acids
Fatty liver
Female
Females
Global health
Health aspects
Hormone therapy
Humans
Insulin resistance
Lipid Metabolism
Lipids
Liver cirrhosis
Menopause
Metabolic disorders
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolites
Mitochondria
Mitochondria - metabolism
Mitochondrial diseases
Obesity
Obesity - metabolism
Oxidation
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative stress
Patient outcomes
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors - metabolism
Peroxisomes - metabolism
Phosphorylation
Physical fitness
Polyamines
Postmenopausal women
Prevention
Review
Risk factors
Womens health
Spain
metabolic disorders
type 2 diabetes
lipid metabolism
estrogens
peroxisomes
insulin resistance
PPARs
obesity
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI10.3390/ijms252011237

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Abstract Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are widespread metabolic disorders that significantly impact global health today, affecting approximately 17% of adults worldwide with obesity and 9.3% with T2D. Both conditions are closely linked to disruptions in lipid metabolism, where peroxisomes play a pivotal role. Mitochondria and peroxisomes are vital organelles responsible for lipid and energy regulation, including the β-oxidation and oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), cholesterol biosynthesis, and bile acid metabolism. These processes are significantly influenced by estrogens, highlighting the interplay between these organelles’ function and hormonal regulation in the development and progression of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and T2D. Estrogens modulate lipid metabolism through interactions with nuclear receptors, like peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which are crucial for maintaining metabolic balance. Estrogen deficiency, such as in postmenopausal women, impairs PPAR regulation, leading to lipid accumulation and increased risk of metabolic disorders. The disruption of peroxisomal–mitochondrial function and estrogen regulation exacerbates lipid imbalances, contributing to insulin resistance and ROS accumulation. This review emphasizes the critical role of these organelles and estrogens in lipid metabolism and their implications for metabolic health, suggesting that therapeutic strategies, including hormone replacement therapy, may offer potential benefits in treating and preventing metabolic diseases.
AbstractList Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are widespread metabolic disorders that significantly impact global health today, affecting approximately 17% of adults worldwide with obesity and 9.3% with T2D. Both conditions are closely linked to disruptions in lipid metabolism, where peroxisomes play a pivotal role. Mitochondria and peroxisomes are vital organelles responsible for lipid and energy regulation, including the β-oxidation and oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), cholesterol biosynthesis, and bile acid metabolism. These processes are significantly influenced by estrogens, highlighting the interplay between these organelles’ function and hormonal regulation in the development and progression of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and T2D. Estrogens modulate lipid metabolism through interactions with nuclear receptors, like peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which are crucial for maintaining metabolic balance. Estrogen deficiency, such as in postmenopausal women, impairs PPAR regulation, leading to lipid accumulation and increased risk of metabolic disorders. The disruption of peroxisomal–mitochondrial function and estrogen regulation exacerbates lipid imbalances, contributing to insulin resistance and ROS accumulation. This review emphasizes the critical role of these organelles and estrogens in lipid metabolism and their implications for metabolic health, suggesting that therapeutic strategies, including hormone replacement therapy, may offer potential benefits in treating and preventing metabolic diseases.
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are widespread metabolic disorders that significantly impact global health today, affecting approximately 17% of adults worldwide with obesity and 9.3% with T2D. Both conditions are closely linked to disruptions in lipid metabolism, where peroxisomes play a pivotal role. Mitochondria and peroxisomes are vital organelles responsible for lipid and energy regulation, including the β-oxidation and oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), cholesterol biosynthesis, and bile acid metabolism. These processes are significantly influenced by estrogens, highlighting the interplay between these organelles' function and hormonal regulation in the development and progression of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and T2D. Estrogens modulate lipid metabolism through interactions with nuclear receptors, like peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which are crucial for maintaining metabolic balance. Estrogen deficiency, such as in postmenopausal women, impairs PPAR regulation, leading to lipid accumulation and increased risk of metabolic disorders. The disruption of peroxisomal-mitochondrial function and estrogen regulation exacerbates lipid imbalances, contributing to insulin resistance and ROS accumulation. This review emphasizes the critical role of these organelles and estrogens in lipid metabolism and their implications for metabolic health, suggesting that therapeutic strategies, including hormone replacement therapy, may offer potential benefits in treating and preventing metabolic diseases.Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are widespread metabolic disorders that significantly impact global health today, affecting approximately 17% of adults worldwide with obesity and 9.3% with T2D. Both conditions are closely linked to disruptions in lipid metabolism, where peroxisomes play a pivotal role. Mitochondria and peroxisomes are vital organelles responsible for lipid and energy regulation, including the β-oxidation and oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), cholesterol biosynthesis, and bile acid metabolism. These processes are significantly influenced by estrogens, highlighting the interplay between these organelles' function and hormonal regulation in the development and progression of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and T2D. Estrogens modulate lipid metabolism through interactions with nuclear receptors, like peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which are crucial for maintaining metabolic balance. Estrogen deficiency, such as in postmenopausal women, impairs PPAR regulation, leading to lipid accumulation and increased risk of metabolic disorders. The disruption of peroxisomal-mitochondrial function and estrogen regulation exacerbates lipid imbalances, contributing to insulin resistance and ROS accumulation. This review emphasizes the critical role of these organelles and estrogens in lipid metabolism and their implications for metabolic health, suggesting that therapeutic strategies, including hormone replacement therapy, may offer potential benefits in treating and preventing metabolic diseases.
Audience Academic
Author Antelo-Cea, Damián A.
Cabrerizo-Ibáñez, Izan
Roudi Rashtabady, Ayda
Hernández-Alvarez, María Isabel
Martínez-Rojas, Laura
AuthorAffiliation 3 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
1 Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; damian.antelo.cea@gmail.com (D.A.A.-C.); lala.mrojas@gmail.com (L.M.-R.); izancabrerizo7ub@gmail.com (I.C.-I.); roudi.r@gmail.com (A.R.R.)
2 IBUB Universitat de Barcelona—Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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– name: 1 Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; damian.antelo.cea@gmail.com (D.A.A.-C.); lala.mrojas@gmail.com (L.M.-R.); izancabrerizo7ub@gmail.com (I.C.-I.); roudi.r@gmail.com (A.R.R.)
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Keywords metabolic disorders
type 2 diabetes
lipid metabolism
estrogens
peroxisomes
insulin resistance
PPARs
obesity
Language English
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Snippet Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are widespread metabolic disorders that significantly impact global health today, affecting approximately 17% of adults...
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StartPage 11237
SubjectTerms Aerobics
Animals
Biosynthesis
Care and treatment
Clinical trials
Complications and side effects
Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism
Enzymes
Estrogens
Estrogens - metabolism
Exercise
Fatty acids
Fatty liver
Female
Females
Global health
Health aspects
Hormone therapy
Humans
Insulin resistance
Lipid Metabolism
Lipids
Liver cirrhosis
Menopause
Metabolic disorders
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolites
Mitochondria
Mitochondria - metabolism
Mitochondrial diseases
Obesity
Obesity - metabolism
Oxidation
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative stress
Patient outcomes
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors - metabolism
Peroxisomes - metabolism
Phosphorylation
Physical fitness
Polyamines
Postmenopausal women
Prevention
Review
Risk factors
Womens health
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Title Regulation of Mitochondrial and Peroxisomal Metabolism in Female Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
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