Gait dynamics on an inclined walkway
Objective: This paper documents research that quantifies and describes the biomechanics of normal gait on inclined surfaces. Design: Experimental, investigative. Background: It is necessary to walk on inclined surfaces to negotiate the natural and built environments. Little research has been conduct...
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| Published in | Journal of biomechanics Vol. 39; no. 13; pp. 2491 - 2502 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Elsevier Ltd
01.01.2006
Elsevier Limited |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0021-9290 1873-2380 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.07.025 |
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| Abstract | Objective: This paper documents research that quantifies and describes the biomechanics of normal gait on inclined surfaces.
Design: Experimental, investigative.
Background: It is necessary to walk on inclined surfaces to negotiate the natural and built environments. Little research has been conducted on the biomechanics of normal gait on inclined surfaces.
Methods: The gait of 11 healthy male volunteers was measured using a Vicon system 370 on an inclinable walkway. Gait was measured at 0°, 5°, 8° and 10° of incline. Passive optical markers were placed on each subject and they walked at a self-selected speed up and down the walkway. Ground reaction forces and EMG were measured. Gait data were analysed in Vicon Clinical Manager.
Results: Changes in the dynamics of the lower limbs with respect to incline angles are described. Between subject and between condition differences in biomechanical parameters were significant. Hip flexion increased at heel strike with inclines from −10° to +10°. Knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion at heel strike increased with increasing angle walking up, but not down. Changes in joint moments and powers due to change in the angle of incline or direction of walking were observed.
Conclusions: The mechanisms by which the body enables walking up and downhill, specifically raising and lowering the centre of mass, and preventing slipping, can be seen in the alteration in the dynamics of the lower limbs. Increases in range of motion and muscle strength requirements need to be considered in the design of lower limb prostheses and in orthopaedic and neurological rehabilitation.
Relevance: Gait, prosthetics, rehabilitation, balance and falls. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Objective: This paper documents research that quantifies and describes the biomechanics of normal gait on inclined surfaces.
Design: Experimental, investigative.
Background: It is necessary to walk on inclined surfaces to negotiate the natural and built environments. Little research has been conducted on the biomechanics of normal gait on inclined surfaces.
Methods: The gait of 11 healthy male volunteers was measured using a Vicon system 370 on an inclinable walkway. Gait was measured at 0°, 5°, 8° and 10° of incline. Passive optical markers were placed on each subject and they walked at a self-selected speed up and down the walkway. Ground reaction forces and EMG were measured. Gait data were analysed in Vicon Clinical Manager.
Results: Changes in the dynamics of the lower limbs with respect to incline angles are described. Between subject and between condition differences in biomechanical parameters were significant. Hip flexion increased at heel strike with inclines from −10° to +10°. Knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion at heel strike increased with increasing angle walking up, but not down. Changes in joint moments and powers due to change in the angle of incline or direction of walking were observed.
Conclusions: The mechanisms by which the body enables walking up and downhill, specifically raising and lowering the centre of mass, and preventing slipping, can be seen in the alteration in the dynamics of the lower limbs. Increases in range of motion and muscle strength requirements need to be considered in the design of lower limb prostheses and in orthopaedic and neurological rehabilitation.
Relevance: Gait, prosthetics, rehabilitation, balance and falls. Objective: This paper documents research that quantifies and describes the biomechanics of normal gait on inclined surfaces. Design: Experimental, investigative. Background: It is necessary to walk on inclined surfaces to negotiate the natural and built environments. Little research has been conducted on the biomechanics of normal gait on inclined surfaces. Methods: The gait of 11 healthy male volunteers was measured using a Vicon system 370 on an inclinable walkway. Gait was measured at 0 degrees , 5 degrees , 8 degrees and 10 degrees of incline. Passive optical markers were placed on each subject and they walked at a self-selected speed up and down the walkway. Ground reaction forces and EMG were measured. Gait data were analysed in Vicon Clinical Manager. Results: Changes in the dynamics of the lower limbs with respect to incline angles are described. Between subject and between condition differences in biomechanical parameters were significant. Hip flexion increased at heel strike with inclines from -10 degrees to +10 degrees . Knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion at heel strike increased with increasing angle walking up, but not down. Changes in joint moments and powers due to change in the angle of incline or direction of walking were observed. Conclusions: The mechanisms by which the body enables walking up and downhill, specifically raising and lowering the centre of mass, and preventing slipping, can be seen in the alteration in the dynamics of the lower limbs. Increases in range of motion and muscle strength requirements need to be considered in the design of lower limb prostheses and in orthopaedic and neurological rehabilitation. Relevance: Gait, prosthetics, rehabilitation, balance and falls. Objective : This paper documents research that quantifies and describes the biomechanics of normal gait on inclined surfaces. Design : Experimental, investigative. Background : It is necessary to walk on inclined surfaces to negotiate the natural and built environments. Little research has been conducted on the biomechanics of normal gait on inclined surfaces. Methods : The gait of 11 healthy male volunteers was measured using a Vicon system 370 on an inclinable walkway. Gait was measured at 0°, 5°, 8° and 10° of incline. Passive optical markers were placed on each subject and they walked at a self-selected speed up and down the walkway. Ground reaction forces and EMG were measured. Gait data were analysed in Vicon Clinical Manager. Results : Changes in the dynamics of the lower limbs with respect to incline angles are described. Between subject and between condition differences in biomechanical parameters were significant. Hip flexion increased at heel strike with inclines from -10° to +10°. Knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion at heel strike increased with increasing angle walking up, but not down. Changes in joint moments and powers due to change in the angle of incline or direction of walking were observed. Conclusions : The mechanisms by which the body enables walking up and downhill, specifically raising and lowering the centre of mass, and preventing slipping, can be seen in the alteration in the dynamics of the lower limbs. Increases in range of motion and muscle strength requirements need to be considered in the design of lower limb prostheses and in orthopaedic and neurological rehabilitation. Relevance : Gait, prosthetics, rehabilitation, balance and falls. This paper documents research that quantifies and describes the biomechanics of normal gait on inclined surfaces. Experimental, investigative. It is necessary to walk on inclined surfaces to negotiate the natural and built environments. Little research has been conducted on the biomechanics of normal gait on inclined surfaces. The gait of 11 healthy male volunteers was measured using a Vicon system 370 on an inclinable walkway. Gait was measured at 0 degrees , 5 degrees , 8 degrees and 10 degrees of incline. Passive optical markers were placed on each subject and they walked at a self-selected speed up and down the walkway. Ground reaction forces and EMG were measured. Gait data were analysed in Vicon Clinical Manager. Changes in the dynamics of the lower limbs with respect to incline angles are described. Between subject and between condition differences in biomechanical parameters were significant. Hip flexion increased at heel strike with inclines from -10 degrees to +10 degrees . Knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion at heel strike increased with increasing angle walking up, but not down. Changes in joint moments and powers due to change in the angle of incline or direction of walking were observed. The mechanisms by which the body enables walking up and downhill, specifically raising and lowering the centre of mass, and preventing slipping, can be seen in the alteration in the dynamics of the lower limbs. Increases in range of motion and muscle strength requirements need to be considered in the design of lower limb prostheses and in orthopaedic and neurological rehabilitation. Gait, prosthetics, rehabilitation, balance and falls. This paper documents research that quantifies and describes the biomechanics of normal gait on inclined surfaces.OBJECTIVEThis paper documents research that quantifies and describes the biomechanics of normal gait on inclined surfaces.Experimental, investigative.DESIGNExperimental, investigative.It is necessary to walk on inclined surfaces to negotiate the natural and built environments. Little research has been conducted on the biomechanics of normal gait on inclined surfaces.BACKGROUNDIt is necessary to walk on inclined surfaces to negotiate the natural and built environments. Little research has been conducted on the biomechanics of normal gait on inclined surfaces.The gait of 11 healthy male volunteers was measured using a Vicon system 370 on an inclinable walkway. Gait was measured at 0 degrees , 5 degrees , 8 degrees and 10 degrees of incline. Passive optical markers were placed on each subject and they walked at a self-selected speed up and down the walkway. Ground reaction forces and EMG were measured. Gait data were analysed in Vicon Clinical Manager.METHODSThe gait of 11 healthy male volunteers was measured using a Vicon system 370 on an inclinable walkway. Gait was measured at 0 degrees , 5 degrees , 8 degrees and 10 degrees of incline. Passive optical markers were placed on each subject and they walked at a self-selected speed up and down the walkway. Ground reaction forces and EMG were measured. Gait data were analysed in Vicon Clinical Manager.Changes in the dynamics of the lower limbs with respect to incline angles are described. Between subject and between condition differences in biomechanical parameters were significant. Hip flexion increased at heel strike with inclines from -10 degrees to +10 degrees . Knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion at heel strike increased with increasing angle walking up, but not down. Changes in joint moments and powers due to change in the angle of incline or direction of walking were observed.RESULTSChanges in the dynamics of the lower limbs with respect to incline angles are described. Between subject and between condition differences in biomechanical parameters were significant. Hip flexion increased at heel strike with inclines from -10 degrees to +10 degrees . Knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion at heel strike increased with increasing angle walking up, but not down. Changes in joint moments and powers due to change in the angle of incline or direction of walking were observed.The mechanisms by which the body enables walking up and downhill, specifically raising and lowering the centre of mass, and preventing slipping, can be seen in the alteration in the dynamics of the lower limbs. Increases in range of motion and muscle strength requirements need to be considered in the design of lower limb prostheses and in orthopaedic and neurological rehabilitation.CONCLUSIONSThe mechanisms by which the body enables walking up and downhill, specifically raising and lowering the centre of mass, and preventing slipping, can be seen in the alteration in the dynamics of the lower limbs. Increases in range of motion and muscle strength requirements need to be considered in the design of lower limb prostheses and in orthopaedic and neurological rehabilitation.Gait, prosthetics, rehabilitation, balance and falls.RELEVANCEGait, prosthetics, rehabilitation, balance and falls. |
| Author | McIntosh, Andrew Stuart Dwan, Leanne N. Vickers, Deborah R. Beatty, Karen T. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Andrew Stuart surname: McIntosh fullname: McIntosh, Andrew Stuart email: a.mcintosh@unsw.edu.au – sequence: 2 givenname: Karen T. surname: Beatty fullname: Beatty, Karen T. – sequence: 3 givenname: Leanne N. surname: Dwan fullname: Dwan, Leanne N. – sequence: 4 givenname: Deborah R. surname: Vickers fullname: Vickers, Deborah R. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16169000$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1080/00140139608964489 10.1002/jor.1100080310 10.1016/0021-9290(86)90168-5 10.1016/S0925-7535(01)00059-5 10.1007/s00421-002-0583-7 10.1080/00140138108924901 10.1007/s002210050743 10.1016/S0966-6362(97)01117-X 10.1016/0167-9457(91)90046-Z 10.1097/00003086-198305000-00021 10.1093/ptj/68.12.1874 10.2114/ahs1983.3.291 10.1002/jor.1100070611 10.1016/S0966-6362(01)00181-3 10.1097/01241398-199105000-00012 10.1016/0021-9290(72)90016-4 10.2106/00004623-196446020-00009 |
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| Snippet | Objective: This paper documents research that quantifies and describes the biomechanics of normal gait on inclined surfaces.
Design: Experimental,... This paper documents research that quantifies and describes the biomechanics of normal gait on inclined surfaces. Experimental, investigative. It is necessary... Objective : This paper documents research that quantifies and describes the biomechanics of normal gait on inclined surfaces. Design : Experimental,... This paper documents research that quantifies and describes the biomechanics of normal gait on inclined surfaces.OBJECTIVEThis paper documents research that... Objective: This paper documents research that quantifies and describes the biomechanics of normal gait on inclined surfaces. Design: Experimental,... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Ankle Anthropometry Biomechanical Phenomena Biomechanics Body Weight Gait Gait - physiology Humans Inclines Joints - physiology Kinematics Knee Lower limbs Male Ramps Walking Walking - physiology |
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| Title | Gait dynamics on an inclined walkway |
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